2020-2021学年高一英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit1Laughoutloud!SectionⅢGramma导学讲义

Section Ⅲ　Grammar (非限制性定语从句) 单句语法填空 1.(教材P2)I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there＇s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. 2.(教材P2)In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. 3.(教材P2)I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Lara＇s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. 4.(教材P2)Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. 5.(教材P3)I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little bored! 非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作补充说明。没有它,主句也能独立存在;非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切,它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

一、非限制性定语从句的关系词 1.关系代词的选择 非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。指人时,如果关系词在从句中作主语,要用who,作宾语要用whom(此时whom不能用who替代);指物时,关系词要用which, which在从句中作主语或宾语。在非限制性定语从句中,即使关系词在从句中作宾语也不能省略。whose引导非限制性定语从句时,指人或物,在从句中作定语。

Peter,whom you met in London,is going to Paris next week.你在伦敦见过的那个彼得,下周将要去巴黎。

Many young people, most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。

The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。

This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. 这个便条是汤姆留下的,刚才他还在这里。

名师点津 which引导非限制性定语从句时,可以指代整个主句的内容。

Laura couldn＇t come to our party, which was a pity. 劳拉不能来参加我们的聚会,这真遗憾。(which指代的是“劳拉不能来参加我们的聚会”这件事) Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which is what his parents expect. 汤姆学习努力且乐于助人,这正是他父母所期望的。(which指代的是“汤姆学习努力且乐于助人”这件事) 2.关系副词的选择 在非限制性定语从句中,关系副词(when、where)的选择方法和在限制性定语从句中的一样, 即关系词在从句中作时间状语时用when,作地点状语时用where。

The story in the book happened in Canada, where Doctor Bethune was born. 书中的故事发生在加拿大,白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。

I left on Sunday, when everyone was at home. 我星期日离开了,那天所有人都在家。

二、限制性/非限制性定语从句的区别 区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号与主句隔开。

Do you still remember the man who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个人吗? 用逗号与主句隔开。

I＇ve been to London, which is a beautiful city.我去过伦敦,那是一个美丽的城市。

意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删去,句子意思将不完整。

This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。

只是对先行词的补充说明,如删去,句子意思仍然完整、明确。

The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.他昨天丢的那本书已经找到了。

译法上 通常译成先行词的定语。

He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。

通常译成与主句并列的分句。

He is a generous man, who lives next to me.他是一个慷慨的人,住在我隔壁。

关系词的 使用上 1.在从句中作宾语时可省略 2.可用that 1.不可省略 2.不可用that 三、非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题 1.非限制性定语从句常常位于句末,但也可位于句中,这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。

The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些孩子都想踢足球,因下雨而感到失望。

2.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可用who/that;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,不能用that。

A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more knowledgeable. 朋友就是能使你表现出你自己最佳品质的人,与他在一起你就会精神焕发,更有见识。

I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书,这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。

3.“名词/代词/数词+介词of+关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。

Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. 朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语,这三门语言她都说得很流利。

Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲,他们都认为它是今年最好的。

4.“名词+介词of+关系代词”有时可以用“whose+名词”或“of+关系代词+名词”替换。

The building had been repaired, the roof of which was destroyed again in a big fire. The building had been repaired, of which the roof was destroyed again in a big fire. The building had been repaired, whose roof was destroyed again in a big fire. 那栋楼房曾经被整修过,但在一场大火中,楼顶又被烧毁了。

5.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词一般为整个主句;而which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是主句的一部分。

He finished the task in time, as we had expected. 他及时完成了任务,正如我们所预料的那样。

The road was too slippy, which caused lots of accidents.路太滑了,以至于引起了很多事故。

(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中和句尾,而which引导的非限制性定语从句常位于先行词之后。

As everyone can see, she is very honest. 正如大家所看到的那样,她很诚实。

She is honest, which everyone can see. 她很诚实,这一点大家有目共睹。

(3)as引导非限制性定语从句时常意为“正如”,多用于固定搭配中:as is often the case(这是常有的事),as is expected(不出所料),as often happens(正如经常发生的那样),as is known to all(众所周知),as has been said before(如上所述),as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等;而which 常意为“这一点,那”,并且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。

He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn＇t like. 他周日还得上班,他不喜欢这一点。

As can be seen from his face,he is quite pleased. 从他的表情可以看出来,他非常高兴。

Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1.The number of smokers, as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2.The meeting, which was held in the park,was attended by 1,000 people. 3.They came to China in the 1970s, when China was not open to the outside world. 4.As is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month. 5.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of which uses it differently. 6.She gave another piece of advice, which I think was of great help to the research work. 7.She showed the visitors around the museum, whose construction had taken more than three years. 8.Mary enjoyed reading when she was young. She learned in a key middle school in her city, where her parents both taught Chinese. 9.My mother often goes to the gym,where she works out to keep fit. 10.The result of the experiment proved to be very good,which was more than we expected. 11.As we＇ve seen,oceans cover about 71% of the Earth. 12.Mr. Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. Ⅱ.语法与主题写作 1.写作要点
根据本单元所学语法知识和主题知识补全句子。

①人生是一场旅行,在旅途中你可以体验欢乐和悲伤。

Life is a journey, where you can experience both joys and sorrows.   ②当你遇到一个你害怕的问题时,保持乐观是很重要的。

When you come across a problem which you are afraid of, it is very important to stay positive.   ③只要你心中有爱和希望,你陷入绝望的黑暗时刻就会消失。

As long as you have love and hope in your mind, the dark moment when you are caught in hopelessness will disappear.  ④如果你有勇气,你所追求的梦想将会成真。

If you have the courage, your dreams which you are pursuing will come true.   ⑤记住,不要失去信心,因为机会将在下一秒消失,不是每个人都能抓住它的尾巴。

Remember that don＇t lose heart, because the opportunity, whose tail not everyone can catch, will disappear in the next second.   2.串句成文
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

Life is a journey, where you can experience both joys and sorrows. When you come across a problem which you are afraid of, it is important to stay positive. As long as you have love and hope in your mind, the dark moment when you are caught in hopelessness will disappear. If you have the courage, your dreams which you are pursuing will come true. Remember that don＇t lose heart, because the opportunity, whose tail not everyone can catch, will disappear in the next second.