2020-2021学年高一英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit1Laughoutloud!SectionⅡUsinglanguage导学讲义

Section Ⅱ　Using language 1.If you take away the clauses,do the sentences still make sense?如果你把从句去掉,这些句子还讲得通吗?(教材P5) 语言点1 make sense有意义,有道理;讲得通 情境探究 ①In a sense, he was a true friend. 从某种意义上说,他是个真正的朋友。

②The older boy is in no sense wiser than the younger one. 那个岁数大的男孩一点也不比那个岁数小的聪明。

③There is no sense in forcing yourself to get what you don＇t want.强迫自己获得你不想要的东西是没有意义的。

④(2018课标全国Ⅱ)Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging. 邓恩认为,主动向陌生人伸出援手的人明显会有更强烈的归属感。

归纳拓展 (1)in a sense从某种意义上说 in no sense无论如何都不(置于句首时,句子部分倒装) There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理/无意义 (2)a sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch/smell视/听/味/触/嗅觉 a sense of direction/beauty/failure/success/humor/belonging方向感/美感/失败感/成功感/幽默感/归属感 易混辨析 make sense 意为“有意义,有道理;讲得通”,物作主语,不可用于被动语态 make sense of 意为“弄懂,理解”,人作主语,可用于被动语态 ①It doesn＇t make sense to memorize lots of words if you can＇t use them in daily life. 如果你不能在日常生活中使用,记忆再多的单词也没有意义。

②I can＇t make sense of either Chinese or Korean,and that＇s why I can＇t tell them apart. 我既不懂汉语,也不懂朝鲜语,这就是我分不清这两种语言的原因。

学以致用 单句填空 ①He writes stories all the time, so in a sense, he is an author. ②You need to have a good sense of direction to find a way out of this forest. ③There is no sense in getting (get) upset about it now. ④Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it. 2.Close your eyes and picture the future. You＇ve made your dreams come true.闭上眼睛,想象未来。你已经实现了你的梦想。(教材P5) Paraphrase: Close your eyes and imagine the future, where you＇ve realised your dreams. 语言点2 come true 实现;(希望、梦想等)变成现实 情境探究 ①Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.如果你遇到从一辆经过的汽车里扔出来的废纸,把它捡起来。

②Before you came over, I had never realised what a beautiful place I lived in.在你来之前,我从来没有意识到我住在一个多么漂亮的地方。

③The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon. 傍晚时分,太阳从云层后面露了出来。

④We＇ve been asked to come up with some new ideas. 我们被要求想出些新的点子来。

归纳拓展 come about产生,发生(无被动语态) come across偶然碰到;被理解,被弄懂 come over过来;顺便来访 come out出现;出版;开花;结果是 come up with想出,提出 易混辨析 come true 其中come为系动词,意为“变成”,没有被动语态,主语通常是“希望、理想、梦想”等词 realise 意为“实现”时,是及物动词,可用于被动语态。sth. comes true=sth. be realised表示某事被实现了 Jeremy Lin＇s dream of becoming a great basketball player has come true/has been realised. 林书豪成为一名伟大篮球运动员的梦想实现了。

学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①The manager hopes you can come up with a better plan than this one. ②He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn＇t really come across. ③Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring. ④That came about when we went to New York last year. (2)一句多译 我真诚地希望你的梦想将成为现实。

⑤I sincerely hope your dream will come true.  ⑥I sincerely hope your dream will be realised.  3.Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking, which he finds annoying at this time of night.华生不太确定福尔摩斯是什么意思,他认为福尔摩斯是在开玩笑,这让他在晚上的这个时候感到恼怒。(教材P5) 语言点3 annoying adj.使人恼怒的;使人生气的;使人烦恼的 情境探究 ①It annoyed me that I didn＇t have time to do more ironing. 没有时间熨更多的衣服让我心烦。

②He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.他开始对我的粗心大意感到恼火了。

③Much to our annoyance, they decided not to come after all. 使我们生气的是,他们还是决定不来了。

归纳拓展 (1)annoy v.使恼怒;使生气 (2)annoyed adj.恼怒的;生气的;烦恼的 be/get annoyed with sb.对某人感到生气 be/get annoyed about/at sth.对某物感到恼火 (3)annoyance n.[U]恼怒,生气,烦恼 [C]使人烦恼的事,令人生气的事物 学以致用 用annoy的适当形式填空 ①It really annoys me when people expect me to tip as well as pay a service charge in a restaurant. ②I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily. ③Her most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open. ④One of the greatest annoyances was being bitten by mosquitoes every night. 4.Watson is pleased with his answer, which he thinks will impress Holmes.华生对自己的回答很满意,他认为这会给福尔摩斯留下深刻印象。(教材P5) Paraphrase: Watson is pleased with his answer, and he thinks this will impress Holmes. 语言点4 impress v.使留下深刻印象;使钦佩 情境探究 ①This change has not yet impressed itself on the minds of the public.这种变化仍没有使公众铭记在心。

②Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes? 为什么说人们对最近的变化印象更深刻很重要呢? ③Overcoat Brother Zhu Zhiwen＇s stories made quite a good impression on the audience. 大衣哥朱之文的故事给观众留下了相当好的印象。

④That was an impressive performance from such a young tennis player.如此年轻的网球运动员的表现令人印象深刻。

归纳拓展 (1)impress sth. on sb.使某人铭记某事 impress sb. with sth.某事给某人留下深刻印象 be impressed with/by...对……印象深刻 (2)impression n.印象 leave/make a(n)...impression on sb.给某人留下……印象 (3)impressive adj.令人敬佩的;给人印象深刻的 易混辨析 be impressed with/by “对……印象深刻”,主语是“人”,不是“物” be impressed on “给……留下深刻印象”,主语是“物”,不是“人” When I turned on the cell phone, I was impressed a lot by/with the wallpaper.=When I turned on the cell phone, the wallpaper was impressed a lot on me. 当我打开手机的时候,我被手机的壁纸吸引住了。

学以致用 单句写作 ①他们穿着典型的中国服装的中国同伴会令人印象非常深刻。

Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive.  ②一到茶馆,外国学生就被这里独特的茶壶和茶杯所吸引。

On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by/with the unique tea pots and tea cups.  5.We all deserve a second chance, I guess.我想我们都应该有第二次机会。(教材P6) 语言点5 deserve v.值得;应得;应受到 情境探究 ①The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 这个故事再次告诉我们,善有善报。

②You＇ve been working all the morning,and you deserve a rest now. 你已经工作一个上午了,现在该休息一下了。

③Since her father＇s music deserved to be preserved in the family, Melissa wanted to save it. 因为她父亲的音乐值得在家里保存,所以梅利莎想要保存它。

④Your suggestion deserves considering/to be considered.你的建议值得考虑。

归纳拓展 deserve a rest/break应该休息一下 deserve blame/punishment 该受责备/惩罚 deserve to do 值得做,应该做 deserve doing/to be done 值得被做 误区警示 deserve后接动名词时,动名词用主动形式(doing)表示被动意义,相当于接动词不定式的被动形式(to be done);有类似用法的词还有need、want、require等。

①They deserved rewarding.=They deserved to be rewarded.他们应该受到奖赏。

②The TV needs mending.=The TV needs to be mended.这台电视机需要被修理。

学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①If praise is sincere, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves (deserve) a verbal reward. ②He finally received the recognition that he so richly deserved (deserve). (2)一句多译 他为大家做了一件好事,应该得到表扬。

③He did a good deed for everybody and deserved praise.   ④He did a good deed for everybody and deserved praising.   ⑤He did a good deed for everybody and deserved to be praised.   Ⅰ.语境填词 1.Light is absolutely essential(必不可少的) for the healthy development of plants. 2.She impressed(使留下深刻印象) us with both the depth and range of her knowledge. 3.Ruth grinned (露齿而笑) at him as she waved good-bye. 4.I work hard and I think I deserve(应受到) to be well paid. 5.Another performance like that and this team will be the laughing(笑) stock of the league. 6.It is impossible to separate(使分离) belief from emotion. 7.(2019课标全国Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying(令人烦恼的) problem for astronauts. 8.He nailed(钉牢) my chair to the floor as a practical joke(玩笑). 9. Traditionally(传统上), the company＇s main markets have been Britain and the US. 10.I turned around quickly and stepped(踩) on his toes. Ⅱ.语境选词 refer to, take...away, make sense, come true, put up, wake up, play tricks on 1.If Jason plays tricks on others, his father won＇t let him go out to play.   2.It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.   3.I didn＇t mean to refer to you by that remark at the meeting.  4.We put up our tent and then began to have dinner.   5.Watching a family of monkeys wake up in the early morning is our first activity of the day.   6.His dream of becoming a university teacher has come true.   7.If you take four away from ten, that leaves six. Ⅲ.语法专练 I have a good friend, 1.who is really thin. Yet he wants to become a great athlete. Every week he goes to the gym, 2.where he exercises and lifts weights. But it has not worked, 3.which makes him unhappy. Now he is considering taking some pills, 4.which he thinks will help him become stronger. I think going to the gym is a good way to keep healthy and strong. There are some pills making us look strong. However, they have side effects, 5.which will damage our health. If my friend took this kind of pills for some time, his hair might fall out or he might have health problems, some of 6.which might even affect his livers or heart. Some athletes, 7.whose achievements were great, died very young because they took this kind of pills. I will tell my friend not to take the pills because he may have health problems in the future, 8.when it will be too late. Ⅰ.单句填空 1.He deserves giving/to be given(give)such a great honor for his excellent work.  2.I did not get the impression(impress)that they were unhappy about the situation. 3.There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science. 4.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 5.Have you got a free evening next week?If so, let＇s go dancing. 6.After working on the maths problem for hours, he found what he thought was the key to it. 7.When giving the lecture,he referred to his note from time to time. 8.They＇re putting new street signs up before dark. 9.We are spending next winter in Australia, where the climate is pleasant. 10.It＇s acceptable to play tricks (trick) on your friends on April 1. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.对学生来说掌握第二语言是极其重要的。(It is essential for sb. to do sth.) It is essential for students to master a second language.  2.孩子们在圣诞节的早晨醒得很早。(wake up) The children wake up very early on Christmas morning.  3.正如我们预料的那样,他们队赢了。(as) As we had expected, their team won.  4.他讲的那番话简直不知所云。(make sense) What he said just doesn＇t make sense.  5.我一直梦想拥有自己的房子,现在我的梦想实现了。(dream of, come true) I＇d always dreamed of owning my own house, and now my dream has come true.  Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2020安徽亳州涡阳一中入学考试) Tired and unhappy, you still have to squeeze(挤出)a smile to your friends, or teachers. That＇s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake(假的) smile can worsen people＇s mood and even lower work efficiency. Leading researcher Brent Scott with other researchers had studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively. The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn＇t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency. The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(为了) smiling can lead to emotional tiredness and coldness, and that＇s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail. The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting— their mood became better and they worked more efficiently. However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott said it＇s not a long-term solution to unhappiness. “There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal,” Scott said. “You may be trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.” 1.The experiments on bus drivers suggest that
　.  A.depression among bus drivers is common B.thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency C.bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient D.the bus drivers＇ work efficiency is determined by their mood 2.According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE? A.It causes more harm to women than men. B.It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US. C.It is good for the business but bad for the employees. D.It doesn＇t work on people who are emotionally expressive. 3.We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that
　.  A.deep acting can improve the mood in the long run B.it is unnecessary to have positive emotions C.people should be true to their feelings D.smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient 4.The article is mainly about
　.  A.how to cheer up when you are exhausted B.the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact C.suggestions on improving work efficiency D.a new study on fake smiling and its influence on people 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的调查研究表明,不是发自内心的微笑会让人情绪变差甚至会降低工作效率,与此相反,发自内心的微笑能让人情绪高涨并且能提高工作效率,因此人们要真实地对待自己的感觉。

1.B　推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到第三段内容,当人们因为积极的想法而微笑时,他们的情绪会变好,同样工作效率也会提高,所以“积极的思考方式有益于工作效率”。故选B。

2.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men.可知,研究也表明由于假装微笑,女人受的危害要比男人大。故选A。

3.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,如果很长时间都在假装微笑,那么自己就会感觉不真实,而且会感觉不像自己了。由此推断出,研究人员认为人们要真实对待自己的感觉。故选C。

4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people＇s mood and even lower work efficiency.以及后文的论述可知,本文主要介绍一篇关于虚假微笑及其影响的研究报告。故选D。

Ⅱ.七选五 (2020山东济南历城二中期中) The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures. 　1　. A way to develop this appreciation is to try to learn about other cultures around the world.  There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures.　2　. Reading works written by the authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an accurate glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and the way of life of a particular group of people. For example, 　3　, she will often read them stories based on a culture＇s folk tales.  Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language. A person can choose a language he has always wanted to learn. 　4　. Making contact with people who are native speakers of the language allows him to gain first-hand knowledge of a particular culture as he struggles to learn the language.  　5　. Whether a person wants to learn more about regions in Japan, the Middle East, Africa, or any other world culture, becoming familiar with its food is a giant step in the right direction. Food is an important part of different cultures. And it allows people to gain an insight into a particular cultural group＇s way of life.  A.when a student wants to learn more about a different culture B.when a teacher wishes to expose(使接触,使体验) her students to a different culture C.One way is to read books written by authors from a particular culture D.Learn about different cultures by tasting food from a specific cultural group E.Gaining an understanding of other cultures benefits both you and other people F.He can attend a foreign language class in order to learn in a more formal setting G.It＇s important to develop an appreciation of different cultures to become a well-rounded person 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  答案 [语篇解读]　本文为说明文。文章介绍了了解世界上不同文化的方法。

1.G　过渡句。上文提到了世界上有不同的文化,后文说到培养这种欣赏能力的一种方法是尝试了解世界各地的其他文化,所以选择G项“培养一种对不同文化的欣赏能力成为一个全面发展的人是重要的”把上下文衔接起来。

2.C　细节句。上一句说有很多方法可以了解不同的文化,C项“一种方法是阅读来自某种特定文化的作者所写的书”与后面提到的Reading works相呼应。

3.B　细节句。上文提到阅读可以使人了解不同文化的方方面面,然后举例说明,B项用老师教学生了解不同文化的方法作为例子符合语境。

4.F　细节句。上文讲到了解不同文化的另一个方法是尝试学习一门外语,然后列举具体的学习方法和途径,F选项意为“为了在一个更正式的场合学习,他可以上一个外语学习班”。

5.D　主题句。该段主要讲述熟悉当地的食物也是了解该地文化的一个正确方向,所以选择D项作为该段主题句。

Ⅲ.完形填空 (2020福建厦门外国语学校高二期中)
Everyone has stories about facing adversity(逆境) in his or her life. The difference is what we did to overcome it. We used to have a glass studio near our home. Several years ago, we 　1　 a terrible winter; we had much snow and ice. The roof of our studio collapsed(倒塌) under the 　2　 of the ice and snow, taking one of the sources of our income. Before it collapsed, we got on the roof and tried to 　3　 the snow and ice, but when the thickness of the ice was 5 feet and the temperature was minus 20 ℃, it was pretty 　4　 to do that.  We had a friend helping us try and 　5　 the roof by supporting. Finally, there was nothing that could be done. The roof came down. We had moved a lot of our goods and tools from the studio but we 　6　 a lot also: glass, stoves, workbenches, to name only a few of the items. It was a(n) 　7　 experience.  Here we were in the middle of winter with our studio 　8　. We couldn＇t work as we had 　9　 all the materials we were not using in a building. We could have done one of two things. First, we could simply no longer 　10　 our glass business. And this was certainly a thought that crossed our 　11　. Second, we could find a way to get our studio back up and running.  We picked Option(选择) Two. We had a large 　12　 that we were not using. 　13　 we renovated(翻新) the barn, redesigned our working area and today we have a nicer studio than we have 　14　 had. If the adversity we faced had not happened, we probably would still be working in the old studio—a studio that was 　15　.  1.A.remembered　　 　B.experienced　 C.overcame　　 　D.forecast 2.A.quality　
B.mixture C.length　　　 D.weight 3.A.melt　　 　B.prevent C.remove　　　 D.carry 4.A.difficult　　 　B.upset　 C.necessary　　 　D.important 5.A.move　　 　B.save C.change　　 　D.repair 6.A.missed　　 　B.lost C.found　　　 D.damaged 7.A.surprising　　　 B.uninteresting　 C.upsetting　　　 D.boring 8.A.rebuilt　　　 B.redesigned　　 C.sold　　　 D.collapsed 9.A.given away　　　 B.put away　 C.given up　　　 D.put up 10.A.conduct　　 　B.reduce　　　 C.avoid　　　 D.enlarge 11.A.heart　　 　B.feeling　　 　C.mind　　　 D.sense 12.A.barn　　 　B.workshop　　　C.area　　　 D.studio 13.A.For　　　 B.Or　　　 C.But　　　 D.So 14.A.yet　　 　B.already　　　 C.never　　　 D.ever 15.A.higher　　　 B.worse　　　　 C.better　　 　D.wider 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,属于人生感悟类阅读。文章讲述的是每个人都会面对困境,但是每个人的处理方式并不一样,正确处理困境会使我们的生活变得更美好。

1.B　此处指经历了一个很糟糕的冬天。remember记住;experience经历;overcome克服;forecast预测。故选B。

2.D　根据后面的the thickness of the ice可知,房顶上的冰雪很重,此处指冰雪的重量。句意:我们工作室的屋顶在冰雪的重压下坍塌了,这带走了我们收入的来源之一。quality质量;mixture混合物;length长度;weight重量。故选D。

3.C　此处指在大雪把房顶压塌之前,我们到房顶上把冰雪除去。melt使融化;prevent阻止;remove移除;carry携带,运送。故选C。

4.A　冰很厚,温度很低,所以工作很艰难。difficult困难的;upset难过的,沮丧的;necessary必要的;important重要的。故选A。

5.B　我们的朋友来帮我们拯救房顶不被大雪压塌。move移动;save节省,救;change改变;repair修理。故选B。

6.B　根据连词but可知,虽然早就搬出了很多物品,但还是损失了不少东西。miss想念,错过;lose失去;丢失,迷失;find发现;damage破坏。故选B。

7.C　根据作者的描述可知,这是一次令人不快的经历。surprising令人惊讶的;uninteresting无趣的,无聊的;upsetting令人不快的;boring无聊的。故选C。

8.D　根据下文我们不能工作了可知,工作室倒塌了。rebuild重建;redesign重新设计;sell卖;collapse倒塌。故选D。

9.B　此处指他们把很多暂时不用的物品都收起来了。give away泄露,分发,赠送;put away收拾(东西);give up放弃;put up搭建,张贴。故选B。

10.A　因为很多物品被毁坏,所以我们无法进行工作。conduct进行;reduce减少;avoid避免;enlarge扩大。故选A。

11.C　根据下文的We picked Option Two.可知,停止工作的主意只是在头脑中掠过,并没有去实施。heart内心;feeling感觉;mind头脑;sense意识,感觉。故选C。

12.A　根据后面的we renovated the barn可知,作者启用了平时闲置的谷仓作为新的工作室。barn谷仓,畜棚,车库;workshop车间,工场,作坊;area区域;studio工作室,演播室。故选A。

13.D　句意:我们有一个闲置的大谷仓。所以我们翻新了谷仓,重新设计了我们的工作区域,现在我们有了一个比以前更好的工作室。for因为;or或者,否则;but但是;so因此。故选D。

14.D　此处指新的工作室比曾经被大雪压垮的那个工作室还要好一些。yet仍然,还;already已经;never从不;ever曾经。故选D。

15.B　句意:如果没有发生那场灾难,我们可能仍然在情况更加糟糕的旧工作室里工作呢。higher更高的;worse更坏的,更差的;better更好的;wider更宽的。故选B。

Ⅳ.语法填空 (2020吉林实验中学期中) Across the world, people prepare and drink tea in many 　1　(difference) ways. The handmade purple clay teapot is one of the most popular 　2　(item) among tea lovers in Asia.  Chinese people 　3　(drink) tea for thousands of years. And 　4　(recent), these handmade teapots have become popular. As an old saying goes, “A thing is valued if it is rare.”  Tea sets have been a key part of Chinese culture. Gao Dezhi, 99, has been making purple clay teapots since he 　5　(be) 13 years old. This kind of skill 　6　(pass) down from generation to generation or taught to those 　7　 are crazy about the craft. Gao said that his son and daughter are not 　8　(interest) in learning such a skill. They have already earned a lot of money by 　9　(work) in other jobs. “People cannot make such things if they have no interest in learning the skill,” he said.   In order to protect the skill 　10　 disappearing, local people have built a special museum where masters can show their craft.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　  答案 [语篇解读]　在世界各地,人们以不同的方式沏茶和喝茶。本文主要介绍了手工紫砂茶壶制作的传承问题。

1.different　考查形容词。根据空后的名词 ways可知应用形容词修饰名词,故填different。

2.items　考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词最高级the most popular可知应用名词形式,结合空前的one of可知应用复数形式,故填items。

3.have drunk/have been drinking　考查时态。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知,动作发生在过去并且一直持续到现在,所以应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,故填have drunk/have been drinking。

4.recently　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的句子应用副词作状语,故填recently。

5.was　考查时态。根据since可知从句用一般过去时,主语he是第三人称单数,故填was。

6.is passed　考查时态和语态。根据句意可知,叙述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时,pass与skill是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is passed。

7.who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处引导定语从句,从句中缺主语,指人,结合先行词those可知应用关系代词who。

8.interested　考查形容词。根据空前的系动词 are可知设空处应用形容词,be interested in...意为“对……感兴趣”,故填interested。

9.working　考查动名词。根据空前的介词by可知设空处填动名词作介词的宾语,故填working。

10.from/against　考查固定短语。protect...from/against...“保护……免受/免遭……的伤害”,为固定短语,故填from/against。