高二英语人教版选修8学案互动课堂Unit3Inventorsandinventions

互动课堂 词汇梳理
1.　discovery n. 发现；
发觉 【观察示例】 The country became rich following the discovery of oil. 在发现石油以后，这个国家变得很富有。 The researchers have made a number of important discoveries. 研究人员已有许多重要发现。 【归纳拓展】 discovery作名词有两个重要意思：发现；
发现的人或物。 【特别提示】 作“发现”讲时是不可数名词，作“发现物”讲时是可数名词。常与动词make连用，make an important discovery意思是“有重大发现”。 动词为discover。 The drug is not a new discovery—it has been known about for years. 这种药并不是什么新发现——人们多年前对它已有所了解。

 2.　abrupt adj. 突然的；
意外的 【观察示例】 The road is full of abrupt turns. 这条路有很多急转弯。 The meeting came to an abrupt end. 会议突然结束了。 A man with an abrupt manner is not welcome here. 举止粗鲁的人在这里不受欢迎。 【归纳拓展】 abrupt的意思为“突然的；
意外的；
粗鲁的”。其副词为abruptly，名词为abruptness，不可数。

 3.　convenient adj. 便利的；
方便的 【观察示例】 They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然消失在附近的一个墙洞中。 Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you? 三点钟对你方便吗？ I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。 Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。 【特别提示】 作“近便的”讲时后常跟for。 其反义词为inconvenient，副词为conveniently，名词为convenience。 convenience作“便利”讲时是不可数名词，当“便利的设施”讲时是可数名词。

4.　expectation n. 预料；
期待；
期望 【观察示例】 This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. 这是因为我预料到蛇还会咬人。 He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。 I usually enjoy his films,　but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations. 我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望得那样好。 There was a general expectation that he would win. 普遍认为他会获胜。 【归纳拓展】 expectation其意思为“期望；
期待”，是不可数名词。其动词为expect。 【特别提示】 expectation意思为“期望的事物、前景”时，常用复数。 beyond expectation出乎意料 in expectation of预料 against expectation(s)与预期相反 in expectation 在指望中；
期望着  5.　passive adj. 被动的；
消极的；
被动语态的 【观察示例】 I collected the passive snakes and the next day we released them all back into the wild. 我把那些无法抵抗的蛇收集起来，并且第二天把它们放归到野外。 They received the news of their defeat with passive resignation. 他们以无可奈何的消极心态接受了失败的消息。 How can you be so passive?　Why don’t you do something about it? 你怎么能如此消极呢？为什么不采取点措施呢？ 【归纳拓展】 passive 形容词，其意思为“消极的,被动的，不抵抗的”。 【特别提示】 其反义词为active。 passive/active voice被动/主动语态。

6.　bear n. 熊　v. 忍受；
忍耐；
负担 【观察示例】 A brown bear was trapped in a cave. 一只棕熊被困在山洞里。 She bore the pain with great courage. 她非常勇敢地忍受了痛苦。 I can’t bear being kept waiting. 我无法忍受人家让我长时间地等候。 I couldn’t bear to listen any longer,　so I left the room. 我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。 【归纳拓展】 can’t bear to do sth. 和can’t bear doing sth. 都可以，但一般情况下不定式表示某一次动作，而can’t bear doing sth.表示习惯性动作。

 7.　mess n. 脏乱的状态；
杂乱 【观察示例】 There’s a lot of mess to clear up. 有许多脏东西要清理。 This room is in a mess. 这房间杂乱不堪。 This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans. 这场病把我的假期计划打乱了。 He spent all day just messing about. 他整天只是混日子。 Stop messing about and tell me clearly what happened. 别闹了，告诉我到底发生了什么事！ His late arrival messed up our plans. 他的迟到把我们的计划打乱了。 【归纳拓展】 mess作名词时，其义项为：杂乱；
脏乱；
脏东西；
不整洁或乱七八糟的事。 mess作动词时，其义项为：无所事事；
混日子；
胡闹。 【特别提示】 mess多与不定冠词连用，但不用复数。make a mess of 为“扰乱；
弄乱”，mess up为动词词组：“搞乱；
搞糟”。mess about/around“无所事事”。

 8.　current n. （水或气）流；
电流  adj. 现在的；
当前的 【观察示例】 If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current,　they could be sent along a wire. 如果声波能在电流中被复制，那它们就可以沿电线传送。 The current is the strongest in the middle of the river. 河中央的水流最急。 This button switches the current on. 这个电钮接通电流。 Most of the old are interested in current events. 大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。 They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year. 他们期望今年的利润超过200万美元。 The word is no longer in current use. 这个词现已不再使用。 【归纳拓展】 current作名词时意思为“气流；
水流；
洋流；
电流”。 current作形容词时,意思为“时下的；
当今的；
流行的；
通用的”，和modern,　latest意思相近。

 9.　importance n. 重要（性） 【观察示例】 Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention. 贝尔对他的发明的重要性有着清醒的认识。 How much importance do you attach to the latest events? 你对最近事件的重要性是如何看待的？ The real importance of this new law is the protection it gives to female workers. 这项新法令的真正重要意义在于它对女工所提供的保障。 【归纳拓展】 importance作为名词，其主要义项为：重要；
重大；
某事或某人重要的原因。 importance是不可数名词,其形容词为important，be of importance=be important。

 10.　practical adj. 实际的；
实践的；
实用的 【观察示例】 Bell was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 实际上，贝尔是一位孜孜不倦的探索者，他探究了许多可以提高人们生活质量的实用方法。 She lacks practical experience. 她缺乏实际经验。 He is wearing a practical uniform which is comfortable and doesn’t show the dirt. 他穿着一种舒服而又耐脏很实用的制服。 【归纳拓展】 其反义词为impractical；
名词形式为practice；
动词为practise/practice，其后若跟动词用－ing形式。

 11.　call up给……打电话；
使……回忆起 【观察示例】 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 当我给在乡下的妈妈打电话时，她正感到心烦。 I call you up this evening. 今晚我给你打电话。 The music calls old times. 音乐让人回想起旧日时光。 This old photo calls up memories of my childhood. 这老照片引起我对童年的回忆。 【规则提示】 call up后的宾语如果是代词，此代词应放在call和up之间；
如果是具体的人或物，放在call和up之间或up之后均可。 I called her up. I called the girl up. =I called up the girl. call up作“打电话”讲时可用ring up代替。 look back on/to sth.也当“回忆；
记起”讲，其主语一般为“人”，而call up的意思是“使……回忆起”，主语为“物”。 【拓展】 call on sb.拜访…… call at (a place) 参观…… call off 取消 call on sb.　to do sth.号召某人做某事 call in 打电话来；
召来（服务） call for 需要/去接  12.　in case以防万一；
假使 【观察示例】 Take your coat in case it rains. 拿着雨衣以防下雨。 I’ll cook plenty of potatoes just in case(they decide to stay for dinner). 我打算多煮些马铃薯，以备万一（他们决定留下来吃饭）。 In case they are late,　they will have no food for lunch. 假使他们来晚了，他们便没有午饭吃了。 【规则提示】 in case of后加名词或代词，意思为“要是……；
在……的时候”。

如：In case of fire,　ring the bell.如发生火灾，请速接铃。而in case后跟条件状语从句，应注意用一般时态替代将来时。 in this case如果这样的话 in that case如果那样的话 in any case无论如何 in no case决不，任何情况下都不  13.　dive into 跳水（头朝下）；
将手伸入……中；
（对活动、问题等）全心投入，潜心研究 【观察示例】 Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. 偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。 The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这男孩从桥上跳入河中。 He dived into his pocket and pulled out a quarter. 他将手伸入口袋中取出一枚25美分的硬币。 He dived into/in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。 【规则提示】 dive into作“潜心于……”讲时和devote oneself to sth.的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth.还有“投身于……；
把自己奉献给……”的意思。

 14.　set out to do sth.为了某个目标而努力 【观察示例】 Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. 贝尔从来没打算去发明电话，他所努力去设计的是一种复合电报。 He set out to break the record for the channel swim. 他决心打破游过海峡的记录。 They set out to examine the ship. 他们着手检查这艘船。 【规则提示】 set out to do sth.和set about doing sth.的意思一样。 set out for=set off for=leave for意为“出发到哪里去”。

15.　hang on不挂断；
紧握住 【观察示例】 Hang on(to the trap) and the bus is about to start. 抓紧（皮圈），公共汽车就要开动了。 I’m afraid the line is busy,　would you like to hang on? 电话恐怕占线，你能再等一会儿吗？ I know you’re tired,　but try to hang on a bit longer. 我知道你累了，但是再坚持一会儿吧。 【规则提示】 hang on作“别挂断，坚持”讲时和hold on的用法一样。 Hold on a minute，I’ll just get a pen. 请稍等，我拿一枝笔来。 Try and hold on until help arrives. 想办法坚持到有人来帮助。 hang up的意思是“挂断电话”。 I was so angry that I hang up on him. 我一气之下挂断了他的电话。

 16.　get through设法联系上（尤指打电话）；
（设法）做完；
通过（考试）；
用完；
用光；
使（成功） 【观察示例】 I can’t get through. 我接不通（电话）。 We were all delighted when we heard you had got through(your exam). 听到你（考试）及格时，我们都很高兴。 We got through a whole chicken at one sitting. 我们一次吃了一只鸡。 The government managed to get the new law through. 政府想法使新法案通过。 【规则提示】 get sth.through把……向某人讲清楚 Her father has been trying to get it through to her that she must work harder if she wants to pass the　exam. 她父亲一直试图使她明白，如果她想通过考试，就必须更加努力。 go through也可以指“使法律通过”，但指“通过考试”常用get through。

 17.　ring back（给……）再打电话；
回复电话 【观察示例】 I told him you weren’t in,　so he said he’d ring back later. 我对他说你不在，于是他便说晚些时候再（给你）来电话。 I didn’t get through just now but soon he rang back. 刚才我没接通（电话），但很快他就打了回来。 【规则提示】 ring off挂断　ring up给……打电话 ring to/with回响 The courtyard rang with/to their shouts. 他们的呼喊在院子里回荡。 ring round给许多人打电话，遍打电话 She rang round to tell all her friend the news.  18.　get down to开始认真对待……；
开始认真干…… 【观察示例】 This time when I got down to examine the snakes I found them very sleepy. 这次当我认真检查那些蛇的时候，我发现它们都昏昏欲睡。 It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday. 度过愉快的假日之后，很难一下子认真投入工作。 I really must get down to filling in my tax form. 我真的要认真填写报税表了。 【规则提示】 get down to 中to是介词，其后应跟名词、代词或动词的－ing形式。 set out to do中的to为不定式符号，其意思是“为……目标而努力”，而get down to的意思为“着手认真地去干……”。

基础示例 1．1）同义句转换 　 The scientist discovered a lot of new things about the matter of the universe. The scientist__________ a lot of __________about the matter of the universe. 答案：made;　discoveries 2）完成句子 　 The__________（发现）of the new land made us surprised and excited. 答案：discovery　 3)单项填空 　 Gilbert __________electricity and Edison __________the electric light bulb. A.　invented;　discovered　 B.　discovered;　invented C.　invented;　invented D.　discovered;　discovered 提示：invent意思为“发明”；
创造出原来并不存在的东西；
discover“发现，看出，显示”，原来已经存在的东西（但尚未为人所知）被发现，如矿产、事实等。 答案：B 2．完成句子 (1）An__________（突然的）change of policy made everything up. (2）Our communication was__________（突然地）interrupted. (3）The__________（意外突然）of his appearance made a mess of our plan. (4）His__________（粗鲁的）speech made all the audiences angry. 答案：(1)abrupt　 (2)abruptly　 (3)abruptness　 (4)abrupt 3．1）完成句子 　 We bought this house for its__________（方便）：it is very__________（方便）for the library and it has lots of __________（便利设施）. 答案：convenience;　convenient;　conveniences 2)单项填空 　 Come and see me whenever__________ . A.　you are convenient B.　you will be convenient C.　it is convenient to you D.　it will be convenient to you 提示：判断whenever引导时间状语从句后根据时间、条件状语从句中要用一般时态代替将来时态去掉B、D两项；
convenient的主语一般为物或用于结构It is convenient to sb./for sb.to do sth.中。 答案：C 4．单项填空 （1）We thought John would do well,　but he has succeeded__________ . A.　in our expectation of B.　beyond our expectation C.　against expectation D.　in our expectations of 提示：句意为“我们预料到约翰会做得不错，但他做得更加超乎预料”。 答案：B （2）He closed the windows__________rain. A.　in the expectation of B.　in expectations of C.　in the expectations of D.　in expectation of 提示：句意为“他预计会有雨，（所以）关上了窗户”。 答案：D （3）I thought I could get the patent,　but__________expectations,　I didn’t. A　.in　　　　　　　　 B.　against C.　out D.　beyond 提示：句意为“我预计会得到专利，但正相反，我没有得到”。 答案：B 5．英译汉 （1）Although I tried my best to encourage the boy,　he remained passive.  ______________________________________________________________________ （2）Our army put the enemies in a passive position.  ______________________________________________________________________ （3）Can you change the passive voice sentence into an active voice one?  ______________________________________________________________________ （4）He played a passive role in the relationship.  ______________________________________________________________________ 答案： (1)尽管我尽力去鼓励那个孩子，可他仍然很消极。 (2)我们使敌人处于被动状态。 (3)你能把这被动语态的句子变成主动形式吗？ (4)他在他们的关系中处于被动地位。

6．单项填空 （1）I can’t bear him__________her. A.　married to B.　to marry C.　marrying D.　have married 提示：句意为“我不能忍受他娶了她”。marry是一次具体动作，而非常态动作。 答案：B （2）I can’t beara__________lone. A.　living B.　live C.　having been lived D.　lived 提示：句意为“我难以忍受一人独住”。Live　alone是一个表示长期动作或状态的常态动词。 答案：A 7．完成句子 （1）He is always　　　　　　（无所事事）doing nothing. 提示：句意为“他总是无所事事”。doing nothing作伴随状语。 答案：messing/around about （2）The workmen cleaned up　　　　　　（所有肮脏东西）before they left. 答案：all the mess （3）The unexpected stranger__________（弄成一团糟）of the party. 提示：句意为“不速之客把聚会搞砸了”。 答案：made a mess （4）The unexpected stranger__________the party__________（弄糟）. 答案：messed,　up 8．英译汉 (1）current coin/money (2）current opinion/beliefs (3）the current year (4）the current issue of magazine (5）a cold current of air (6）currents moving through a wire (7）the current events (8）the current fashion (9）the current of a river (10）the current of public opinion 答案：
(1)流通货币 (2)时下的观点 (3)今年 (4)杂志的最近一期 (5)寒流 (6)电流 (7)时事 (8)时装 (9)河里的水流 (10)当前公众的观点 9．1）完成句子 (1）The matter is of great__________（重要）. (2）Education has lots of__________（重要性）. 答案：
(1)importance　 (2)importance 2）单项填空 　 He made another important discovery, of great importance to science__________. A.　which I guess is B.　which I guess it is C.　which I guess it D.　I guess which is 提示：从选项结构看，应是which引导的定语从句，引导词应在前面，去掉D项；
把I guess看成插入语，去掉缺动词的C项，which在从句中作主语。B项中it多余。 答案：A 10．单项填空 (1)The machine is too complex to be__________. A.　impractical B.　practical C.　practice D.　practise 提示：句意为“这个机器太过复杂而不实用”。 答案：B （2)The musician has been used to__________. A.　practise playing piano every morning B.　practise playing the piano every morning C.　practicing playing the piano every morning D.　practicing playing piano every morning 提示：be used to意思是“习惯于”；
practise “练习”；
都在后面接v.－ing作宾语；
乐器前加定冠词。 答案：C 11．单项填空 （1）When I __________Tom,　he was doing some shopping. A.　called on B.　called up C.　called off D.　called over 提示：call on 可以后接sb.但填入后的意思“我去拜访他”与主句“他正在买东西”构不成合理情景。 答案：B （2）The film__________scenes of childhood. A.　looked back on B.　looked back to C.　called up D.　called out 提示：句意为“这部电影（让人）想起少年时的情景”，主语是物。 答案：C （3）The government__________the army to help put out the forest fire. A.　called on B.　called up C.　called in D.　called out 提示：句意为“政府调集军队帮助扑灭森林大火”。call on在此处含义不贴切。 答案：C （4）—Hello,　this is Tom speaking. —Hi,　Tom,　please stay at home.　I’ll __________you at five o’clock and we’ll go shopping. A.　call at B.　call for C.　call out D.　look for 提示：句中两处关键信息stay at home和we’ll go shopping中间缺乏“相会”环节，所以选择call for sb.“去接某人”。look for是“寻找”，而已知Tom在家，不必寻找。 答案：B 12．1）完成句子 （1）__________（不管怎样）I shall return in a day or two. （2）I’ve got the key__________（以防）we want to go inside. （3）__________（无论如何都不）are you to leave your post. （4）__________（如果那样的话）I have no more to say. 答案：
(1)In any case　 (2)in case　 (3)In no case　 (4)In that case 2）单项填空 　 I had to go to work,　in__________case my child would always live with his grandmother. A.　this B.　that C.　which D.　/ 提示：which代表主句，引导定语从句。 答案：C 13．单项填空 （1）He__________the bag and brought out two red apples. A.　put into B.　dragged into C.　dived into D.　caught into 提示：A项应为put his hand into,　B、D两项不存在。 答案：C （2）He__________his career and made a great contribution to our country. A.　dived himself into B.　devoted himself to C.　dived in D.　devoted to 提示：dive是不及物动词，去掉A；
而devote是及物动词。 答案：B 14．单项填空 （1）At dawn,　they set__________to get ready for the work of the day. A.　off B.　about C.　out D.　in 提示：set off后接for或状语，set about后接v.－ing形式，set out后接不定式，意为“动身去做……”。 答案：C （2）They set__________at about 8 o’clock. A.　about to work B.　about to working C.　about working D.　out work 答案：C 15．1）单项填空 （1）He hung__________until the rope broke. A.　down B.　to C.　on D.　up 提示：句意为“他抓住绳子，直到它断裂”。 答案：C （2）It’s hard work,　but if you__________on long enough you’ll succeed. A.　insist B.　hang C.　stick D.　go 提示：句意为“这份工作不好干，但只要你坚持下去肯定会成功”。insist on/go on后接v.－ing。stick连用介词to。 答案：B 2）同义句转换 　 Please don’t ring off.　I still have something to tell you. Please don’t __________　__________.　I still have something to tell you. 答案：hang up 16．1）单项填空 (1）—It’s a good idea.　But who’s going to__________the plan? —I think Tom and Greg will. A.　get through B.　carry out C.　go through D.　carry on 提示：句意为“计划不错，但谁来执行？”carry out意为“执行；
实践”；
go through意思为“穿过”；
carry on意思为“坚持干；
继续做”。 答案：B (2）Tom failed but his sister__________in the exam. A.　went through B.　pass through C.　got through D.　succeeded through 提示：D项应去掉through;　pass through意思为“经过；
路过”。 答案：C 17．完成句子 (1）I__________（给她打电话）for several times but I couldn’t get through. (2）He　　　　　　（挂断电话）before I could say a word. (3）You should not　　　　　　（遍打电话）to ask them such a silly question. 答案：(1)rang her up (2)hung up (3)ring around 18．单项填空 (1）Jerry did research in that field for a long time.　He__________invent something useful. A.　got down to B.　hoped himself to C.　set out to D.　devoted himself to 提示：A、D两项中to为介词，后接n.,　pron.,　v.－ing或宾语从句；
B项不存在，可以说hope to do或wish sb.　to do。 答案：C (2）After a wonderful travel,　he got down to__________ a book about it. A.　write B.　to write C.　have written D.　writing 答案：D 重难突破
1.seem to do/seem(to be)/seem like/as if/It seems that...似乎…… 【观察示例】 They seem to have made their home there. 他们似乎在那安了家。 There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 似乎只有一些设计好用来杀死蛇的药末。 Things are not always what they seem(to be). 事物并非总是与表象一致。 It would seem that there is no way out of our difficulty. 我们似乎无法摆脱困境。 It seems like years since I last saw you. 似乎有多年没见你了。 It seems(as if)there will be an election soon. 似乎不久就要进行选举了。 【规则提示】 seem to do sth.“似乎要做……”，有各种时态，如： seem to do sth. seem to be doing sth. seem to have done sth. seem like后一般跟名词，seem as if后跟句子，有时as if可省略。 seem后跟从句时，主语一般用it。 seem to be + adj.结构中，to be可以省略。

　2.It was/is...that/who...强调句型 【观察示例】 It was this exploring around problems that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876. 就是对问题地不断探索在1876年成就了他最著名的发明——电话。 It was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant,　Watson. 在（专利给予他）五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发出了第一个电话信息。 It is in the city that you are going to pay a visit to that this kind of beer is produced. 这种啤酒是在你将要去参观的那个城市里生产出来的。 It is the school and the teachers that they often talk about. 他们经常谈论的是学校和老师。 【规则提示】 强调句型中被强调的对象可以是名词、代词，也可以是介词短语。 It is/was...that/who...如果被去掉，句子仍然成立。但上文的第二个例句中若去掉It was和that，主句则需倒装。 要特别注意含有定语从句的强调句型，如上文的第三个例句中前面一个that引导句子作city的定语从句，可以换成which，也可以省略。后面的that才是强调句型中的that，不可省略。

 3.　倒装句 【观察示例】 Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你已经获得了那种认证，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。 Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s. 直到调查表明你的产品确实与其他人的不同，你才能得到专利。 Only the students in Class 3 can do the exercises. 只有三班的同学才能做这些练习。 Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study. 如果你不全心全意地去学习，你是不能通过考试的。 Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing. 这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明某种东西。 Here comes the bus! 汽车来了！ 【规则提示】 以only开头的句子，如果only修饰的是句子的状语，则句子的主句要部分倒装，但当only修饰句子的主语时不倒装。 以否定词no,　not,　never,　hardly,　seldom等开头的句子，句子的主句要部分倒装。 以here,　there,　away,　out等副词开头的句子常完全倒装。但主语为代词时部分倒装，如Here you are！（给你。）而不是Here are you. 活学巧用 1．1)同义句转换 （1）He seems to know everything. 　_________ _________ _________ he knows everything. （2）What he had done sounded reasonable. What he had done_________ _________ _________ reasonable. （3）It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime. He seems_________ _________ _________ at the scene of the crime. 答案：(1)It seems that　 (2)seemed to be　 (3)to have been 2)单项填空 　 You’d better tell Mum the truth—she seems_________ told everything. A. to be B. to have been C. to have D. that has been 提示：seem是人作主语时后不加从句，去掉D项；
据情景“母亲已经被告知”，所以不定式的动作应该是被动和完成。 答案：B 2.1）汉译英 （1）在公园里你遇到的就是我。  ______________________________________________________ （2）就是在公园里你遇到了我。  ______________________________________________________ 答案： (1）It was me who you met in the park. (2）It was in the park that you met me. 2）填空题 （1）It was at 3 o’clock _________ I arrived. （2）It was 3 o’clock _________ I arrived. （3）It was in the room _________ you were born _________ we had a talk. 答案：（1）that　 （2）when(引导定语从句)　  （3）where；
when 3)同义句转换 　 Not until I had finished my homework did I go to bed. It was_________ _________ I had finished my home-work_________ I went to bed. I_________ go to bed _________ I had finished my homework. 答案：not until; that; didn’t; until 3.单项填空 （1）Only when your identity has been checked_________. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 提示：“only+状语”放在句首时用部分倒装，状语包括副词、状语从句等。 答案：D （2）Not a single song_________ at yesterday’s party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 提示：否定副词（含半否定副词）放在句首时用部分倒装。 答案：C （3）Little_________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C .he cares D. he cared 提示：little在此处是副词“少”的意思，不是形容词“小”。 答案：B 语法精讲 过去分词作定语和状语 【观察示例】 Prepared with these findings.　I decided on three possible approaches. 带着这些发现我作好了充分准备，决定了三种有可能的方法。 Pressed by my friends and relations,　I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea. 在朋友和亲戚的力劝下，我决定把我的发明送到专利办公室去，以便让我的成功想法获得认可。 One day as he was experimenting with a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear,　Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear,　the straw drew sound waves on a piece of smoked glass. 一天，当他用一根连到聋人的耳朵上的管子做实验时，贝尔注意到当他对着（聋人的）耳朵说话时，那管子把声波聚集到一块熏黑的玻璃片上。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。 Shown the lab,　we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。 【规则提示】 过去分词作定语时，它与被修饰的词之间的在逻辑上是被动关系，即被修饰词是这个动词所表动作的承受者。如果这个动词是不及物动词，其过去分词表示动作的完成。例如： a fallen leaf落下的树叶（表完成） a broken cup打碎了的杯子（表被动和完成） 过去分词修饰句子作状语时，它所修饰的句子的主语与其是逻辑上的被动关系。 单个分词作定语常放在被修饰词前面，分词短语常放在后面。

考题再现 单项填空 (1）（经典回放）___________more time,　he’ll make a first class tennis player. A.　Having given B.　To give C.　Giving D.　Given 提示：句意为“假以时日，他会成为一名一流的网球选手”。主句主语与作条件状语的分词间有被动关系，表达为:if he is given more time。 答案：D (2)（经典回放）Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ___________only to people with specific knowledge. A. being know B. having been know C. to be known D. known 提示：空缺处部分作定语，把它化为定语从句可辨出时态，表达为which is known to...很显然没有必要使用将来时（C项）、进行时（A项）、完成进行时（B项）的含义。 答案：D (3)（经典回放）___________in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 提示：found与Harvard有动宾关系。（去掉D项），且不表与主句动作同时发生（去掉A项），选B项时句子缺乏连词。 答案：C