高二英语人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions习题点拨

教材习题点拨 COMPREHENDING ☞Suggested answers to Exercise 1：
1　The mother was upset because a family of snakes had made their home near the house. 2　The writer was happy because it gave her an opportunity to help her mother and invent something to catch the snakes without hurting them at the same time. 3　These are the three creative steps she writer took to trap the snakes by cooling them and making them sleepy so she could catch them. ●Step 1：She bought a stainless steel ice cream maker and froze the bowl.She added ice cubes to the top of the bowl to keep it cold.She placed it over the snakes＇ habitat during the day so that the snakes would become sleepy and could be easily caught. ●Step 2：As above she did the same but placed the bowls over the snakes＇ habitat in the evening. ●Step 3：As above but added a net to catch the snakes. 4　Snakes do not have a way of keeping warm in their bodies.They get warmth from the sun and become more active at this time.When the sun goes down at night they cool down and become less active.So extra cooling to the snake would make them even less active and easier to catch. LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Discovering useful words and expressions ☞Answers to Exercise 1：
1 cube cubic　　　　　　 base basic mercy merciful fancy fanciful stain stainless care careless caution cautious poison poisonous 2 expect expectation relax relaxation produce production reduce reduction identify identification satisfy satisfaction 3 strong strengthen long lengthen freezing freeze disappointing disappoint ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
1 The greengrocer at the corner is probably the most_convenient to reach. 2 If you want to apply for a credit card，you must provide valid identification. 3 You need to approach that animal with caution as it may bite. 4 She is passive during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. 5 I found his phone number in the directory and tried to call/ring_him_up last night，but there was no reply.Later I found I dialed the wrong number. 6 I don＇t think of my hometown very much，only now_and_then. 7 Luckily the rainfall stopped abruptly before I left. 8 In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to distinguish who is innocent and who is guilty. ☞Answers to Exercise 3：
criteria，abruptly，file，valid，perfume，seize，set about，product ☞Suggested answers to Exercise 4：
Picture 1：
In the courtyard of this house there are two walnut trees.An old woman lives in the house and has watched the walnuts ripen over several months.Sadly she is unable to pick the ripe walnuts because they are too high for her to reach.She calls her grand­daughter and asks her to help find some students to pick the walnuts. Picture 2：
Her granddaughter goes to her school.There is a notice board in her classroom where students can put up requests for help.Although she is unsure whether anyone will come and help，with glue she puts up her notice asking for assistance. Picture 3：
Her notice is entirely successful.Her grandmother looks on happily as her fellow students merrily run up and down ladders and bang branches with bamboo sticks to bring down all the walnuts.She will give them a lovely meal of dumplings when they have finished to thank them for all their help. Discovering useful structures ☞Answers to Exercise 1：
1　I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes＇ habitat... 2　The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish. ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
1 signed　　　　 2 disappointed 3 understood 4 embarrassed，beaten 5 pleased ☞Answers to Exercise 3：
designed，developed，rejected，welcomed，tested，improved，adopted ☞Answers to Exercise 4：
1　the play performed　　 2　the car started 3　her paintings displayed 4　your courtyard tidied USING LANGUAGE Listening and speaking LISTENING TEXT GOOD DESIGN IS PRACTICAL Zhou Rui(ZR)made a phone call to Dr Smith(S)，an engineer who works for James Dyson，a famous British inventor.Now Dr Smith is ringing him back. S：　Hello，can I speak to Zhou Rui please？This is Dr Smith. ZR：Good morning，Dr Smith.How kind of you to ring me back！Would you mind if I asked you a few questions about James Dyson＇s inventions? S：　Not at all.I＇d be happy to talk about our company and our founder James Dyson.He＇s an inventor who takes everyday products，like washing machines，and makes them work better. ZR：I see.Why did he improve the washing machine? S：　He found that clothes were not as clean from a washing machine as those washed by hand. ZR：Really？Is that true? S：　Yes，because most machines have one large drum and the clothes go round and round in it. ZR：So what did he do to improve that? S：　This is the clever part.James Dyson invented a system with two drums in the same machine.Together they are the same size as the old drum，but they work differently.One drum goes in one direction and the other goes in the other.So it＇s more like hand­washing and the clothes come out cleaner. ZR：Was it easy to design? S：　No.It took many working models before Mr Dyson was satisfied. ZR：How long did it take him? S：　I＇m not sure.But I do know that inventing a new carpet cleaner took five years before he was happy with it. ZR：Wow！I didn＇t realize that it took that long! S：　And of course he had to apply for patents for all of the new parts he＇d designed.You must do that to protect your ideas. ZR：Has that been a problem? S：　Well，in the early years，James Dyson found that a large company making carpet cleaners in America was copying his ideas.He had to go to court to protect his invention. ZR：Did he win? S：　Yes，in the end the company had to pay us a lot of money. ZR：What new ideas does James Dyson have? S：　I＇m sorry but you＇ll just have to wait and see! ZR：Thank you very much and I＇m afraid I shall have to ring off now.Goodbye. S：　Goodbye. ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
washing machine，drum，carpet cleaner，court ☞Answers to Exercise 3：
Object The problem James Dyson＇s improvement Washing machine Washing machines at that time do not clean the clothes as well as by hand. He invented a machine using two drums which move in opposite directions. 练习册答案及听力原文 Unit 3　Inventors and inventions LISTENING LISTENING TEXT WHICH ONE SHOULD I CHOOSE? Ruth Bacon(RB)is asking her friend，Zhang Jie(ZJ)，for advice. RB：Hello，is that Zhang Jie？This is Ruth.I＇m thinking of buying a new mobile phone.What do you suggest? ZJ：Hello Ruth.I＇m happy to help.It＇s lucky you could get through.I＇ve been having some trouble with the line and I keep getting cut off.If the line goes dead，ring me back immediately on my mobile and it should be OK.Now what do you want your mobile to do? RB：Well，I＇ve heard about mobiles that are computers and can videotape as well.Do you think they＇re a good idea? ZJ：Mmm.Yes，they＇re useful.I can use the Internet even when I＇m on the train. RB：So you suggest one like that then? ZJ：Not necessarily.It seems there＇ll be some new mobile phones coming on the market next year.They＇re going to be even more powerful. RB：What are they going to do? ZJ：Oh，you＇ve no idea what they＇re planning！These new phones will be able to organize your life.They＇re called 3G phones because they＇re the third generation of mobile phones.They“think”for you. RB：How can they do that? ZJ：Well，they＇ll be able to help you plan a holiday.The phone will book air tickets and the hotel.Then it＇ll pay for you. RB：Wow！I＇m not sure I＇d be happy with that！I don＇t like the idea of a machine spending my money. ZJ：Well，many businesses already use mobile phones to buy goods.They leave them to order goods when they are at their cheapest. RB：Do they really？Well，I never！What I need is a mobile to stop me missing important calls.I missed three yesterday because my mobile was switched off. ZJ：You can have that too.There＇s a new mobile coming out soon that will turn itself on when important calls come through. RB：Are you sure？If that＇s the case，that＇s the one for me！Thank you，Zhang Jie，I think I＇ll wait for that one.Goodbye. ZJ：Goodbye. ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
a mobile that“thinks” a mobile that spends your money a mobile that plans your holiday a mobile that does videotaping a mobile that is a computer ☞Suggested answers to Exercise 3：
1　Ruth wants to buy the mobile that turns itself on when it receives important calls.She missed three yesterday when her mobile was switched/turned off. 2　Mobiles can videotape and act as a computer now. 3　They will be able to plan holidays，book air tickets，hotel and an appropriate place to stay.They will authorize paying for them too. 4　Ruth is worried because it might spend her money. 5　The advantages are that they help people who are busy at work to order goods at the cheapest price or book holidays，air tickets，etc. 6　The mobile may spend money unwisely or spend more than a person can afford.You may forget the spending and not include it in your accounts of your personal income. USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS ☞Answers to Exercise 1：
set out 　＝ to begin to do sth；

to make plans to do sth set down ＝ to write about sth set up ＝ to build set off ＝ to begin a journey；

to set fire to set aside ＝ to cancel；
to ignore set about ＝ to start doing sth；

to deal with sth in a particular way 1 set aside　2 set out　3 set down　4 set off 5 set up　6 set about　7 set off ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
tap，dots，wire，practical，invaluable，competence，personnel，dynamic，stable ☞Answers to Exercise 3：
extension，Hang on，ring/call...up，out of order，get through，call...back，ring off ☞Suggested answers to Exercise 4：
1　The eyewitness—a greengrocer proved in court that the driver was innocent of the terrible accident，which caused a traffic jam that lasted for several hours. 2　I could not bear to live in a city with so much rainfall even though it is good for my skin. 3　Helicopters and jeeps are widely used in current wars. 4　My associate checked the telephone directory and found the number to dial the after­sales service department when his refrigerator broke down. 5　The little girl bumped her head on a corner of the desk and it left a mark like a triangle on her forehead. 6　The identification of the correct route was difficult as it was too foggy early in the morning. 7　Even though he couldn＇t swim，he dived into the river to save the little girl. 8　In summer，farmers like to wear straw hats while working in the fields. USING STRUCTURES ☞Answers to Exercise 1：
disappointing，disappointed；
amusing， amused；
confusing，confused；

surprised，surprising；
inspired，inspiring；
shocking，shocked ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
1　confused，confusing 2　shocked，shocking 3　surprised，surprising 4　amusing amused 5　disappointing，Disappointed 6　inspiring，inspired READING TASK ☞Suggested answers to Exercise 1：
1　Leonardo lived at a time of great instability，when paintings did not always provide a steady income. 2　His designs were different because he took things apart and then improved them.So his designs were accurate and could be built and used. 3　Painting helped him with his inventions because while painting he had learned to observe things closely and draw accurately. ☞Answers to Exercise 2：
Possible skills from Leonardo from you artist famous paintings such as Mona Lisa engineer designed canals and bridges architect designed cities doctor not mentioned inventor designed many new things such as the bicycle，a helicopter and an“automobile”，etc scientist took things apart and found out how they worked in order to design a better one LISTENING TASK LISTENING TEXT WHAT CAN IT BE? Ellie Smith(ES)is discussing with one of her friends Tang Ling(TL)，what this invention by Leonardo might be. ES：Look at this drawing！What do you think this is supposed to be? TL：I don＇t know！It doesn＇t say，but let＇s see if we can work out what it is. ES：OK.Now let＇s see.It looks a bit like a tent but has four wheels underneath. TL：You＇re right，but when you look at the second picture with the wheels，you can see that it had a floor to stand on and wheels below that.Do you think it was a roundabout for children? ES：Good thinking.But the way that he placed the wheels shows that it must have been for going forwards and backwards，not round and round.No，I don＇t think it was a roundabout. TL：Let＇s look at it again.Do you think it＇s made of metal？The wheels seem to have handles to move them. ES：In that case it must have been large enough for more than one person.You would have needed four people－one to move each wheel.So it cannot be a tent as that is made of cloth. TL：Yes，I think you＇re right. ES：It also seems to have something like sticks coming out of the body.Do you think they are for decoration? TL：Perhaps.That is possible as we know Leonardo was an artist. ES：Yes and if that were the case，perhaps it was for fun for the family.It could carry four people to move the wheels and then another one or two children to help.Maybe six altogether. TL：Wow！So it must have been made of metal.Nothing else could carry all that weight. ES：True！The wheels must be made of wood or metal. TL：Do you think it＇s a caravan? ES：Yes，that makes sense.It would be big enough but there doesn＇t seem to be any room to sleep in it.And it wouldn＇t be very easy to park for the night.So perhaps it was an early car? TL：Well，let＇s look in the guidebook.Oh no—it seems you＇re not correct. ES：Gracious.So what on earth can it be? TL：Think again about Leonardo＇s life.Can＇t you guess? ☞Suggested answers to Exercise 3：
The girls＇suggestion Reasons for Reasons against 1 a roundabout has four wheels and a floor wheels go forwards and backwards，not round and round 2 a tent the appearance made of metal and not cloth 3 a caravan can move，big enough to carry a family no room to sleep in it，not easy to park at night WRITING TASK ☞Sample writing：
The Abacus The abacus was originally made of wood.It is a rectangular shape with beads strung on it.The shape is unevenly divided so that there are more beads in one part than the other. To use an abacus you need to take lessons.The smaller part with fewer beads represents the higher numbers and the larger part with more beads represents the smaller numbers.By manipulating these beads you can do a series of different calculations.An abacus can be used to add figures quickly or do a series of complicated mathematical problems.People who are skilled with it can work as fast as a person using a modern calculator. The abacus was in general use from earliest times in China.It is not known whether one person or a group of people invented it.But its value for computation is invaluable.It is one of the few Chinese inventions that was not adopted by the West.