原料药GMP指南(中英文对照)

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 Q7a( 中英文对照)

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 FDA 原料药 GMP 指南 Table of Co ntent s 目录

 1 、 INTRO DUCTION 1、

 简介

 1 、1 Ob jectiv e 1 1 、1 1 目得

 1 、2

 Regul atory A pplica bility 1 1 、2 2 法规得适用性

 1 、3 Sc ope 1 1 、3范围

  2 、 QUAL ITY MANAGEM EN T 2 2 、质量管理

 2 、1 Principles 2 2 、1总则

 2、2 Re spons ibil ities

 of the Qual lity Un it (s )

 2、2 2 质量部门得责任

 2、3 Respon sibi lity

 f or

 Pro du ction

 Activi ti es 2、3 3 生产作业得职责

 2、4 Int erna l

 Audits (Self In spec ction) 2 2 、4内部审计( ( 自检) )

 2 、5 P rod uct

 Qu ali ty Re vie w 2、5 5 产品质量审核

  3、

 PERSONN EL 3 3 、

 人员

 3、1 Pe rso nnel

 Qu alific at io ns 3 3 、人员得资质

 3 、2 Person nel Hy gie ne 3 3 、 2 人员卫生

 3 、3 Consul tants 3 3 、3 3

 顾问

  4 、 BU ILDINGS AND

 FA CILITIE ES 4、

 建筑与设施

 4 、1

 Des ig n and C onstructi on 4、 1 设计与结构

 4 、2 U tilitie s 4 4 、 2 公用设施

 4、3 W ater 4、 3 水

 4 、4 Co ntainmen t 4 4 、4 4

 限制

 4、5 Ligh ting 4 4 、 5 照明

 4 、6

 Se wa ge and Ref use 4、6 6

 排污与垃圾

 4 、7 Sanit at ion and d

 M Main ten ance 4、7

 卫生与保养

  5 、 PRO CE SS E QU IPMEN T 5、

 工艺设备

 5 、1 De si gn and Construct ion 5、 1 设计与结构

 5 、2

 Equi pme nt Main tenance and Clea ning 5 5 、2

 设备保养与清洁

 5 、3

 Ca libration 5 5 、 3 校验

 5、4 pu terized

 Syste ms 5 5 、 4 计算机控制系统

  、 6、 DOCU M ENTATION

 AND RE ECORDS 6 6 、

 文件与记录

 6 、1 Documentation System

 a nd Specif fi catio ns 6、 1 文件系统与质量标准

 6 、2 Equipment

 cleaning g

 and Us e Recor d 6、 2 设备得清洁与使用记录

 6 、3 Re cord s of

 Raw M ateri ials ,

 In termediates , AP I Lab eling a and

 Pa ck aging M aterials 6 6 、 3 原料、中间体、原料药得标签与包装材料得记录

 6 、4 Master Pr od uc tion Instruction ns (Mast er

 Prod uction and

 Contr ol Records) 6 6 、 4 生产工艺规程(主生产与控制记录)

 6 、5 B atc h Produc tion Record s

 (Bt atch Product ion a nd C ontrol Records )

 6 6 、5 5

 批生产记录( ( 批生产与控制记录) )

 6 、6 Laborat ory Contr ol Reco rds 6 6 、 6 实验室控制记录

 6 、7 Bat ch

 Pro ducti on

 Recor d Re evi ew 6 6 、7 7 批生产记录审核

  7 、 MAT ERIALS

 MANAGEMEN T 7、

 物料管理

 7、1

 Ge nera l Con trols 7 7 、 1 控制通则

 7 、2 Rece ipt and

 Quarantine 7 7 、2 2 接收与待验

 7 、3 Sampling an d T esting of Ini ng

 P Pr roduc tion M ater ials 7 7 、 3 进厂物料得取样与测试

 7 、4 Stora ge 7 7 、4 4 储存

 7 、5 Re-evalua tion 7 7 、5 5 复验

  8 、 PRO DUCTION A ND IN N —P PROC CESS

 CONT ROLS 8、

 生产与过程控制

 8 、1 Prod uctio n Ope rations 8 8 、 1 生产操作

 8 、2 Time Limits 8 8 、 2 时限

 8 、3 In-p rocess

 Sampling and C on tro ols 8 8 、3 3

 工序取样与控制

 8、4 Blen din g

 Ba tch es o f Intermediate s or API s 8 8 、 4 中间体或原料药得混批

 8 、5 Contami na tion Cont rol 8 8 、 5 污染控制

  9 、 PAC KAGING AND IDENTIFI CAT TION

 LA BELING OF APIs AND

 INTE ER MED IATES 9 9 、

 原料药与中间体得包 装与贴签

 9 、1

 Ge ne ral 9 9 、 1 总则

 9 、2

 Pac kag ing Mate rials 9 9 、 2 包装材料

 9 、3

 La bel Iss uance

 an d Contr ol 9 9 、3

 标签发放与控制

 9 、4 P ac kaging

 and

 L abe lin g Ope erat io ns 9、4

 包装与贴签操作

  10 、 STO RAGE

 A ND DISTRIB UT ION 10 、储存与分发

 1 0、1 Wareho usi ng Proc edu res 10 、 1 入库程序

 1 10 、2

 Distributio n P rocedures 1 1 0、 2 分发程序

  11 、 L ABO RATO RY

 CONT ROLS 11 、实验室控制

 11 、1 General Contr ols 1 1 1、1

 控制通则

 11 、2 Testing o f In term ediate s and APIs 11 1 、2

 中间体与原料药得测试

 1 1、3 Validation of A nal yt ical l

 Proce dur es 11 1 、 3 分析方法得验证

 11 、4 Certi fi cate s of

 Analy si s 1 1 1、 4 分析报告单

 11、 、5 St abi lity M oni tori ng of APIs 11 、5 5

 原料药得稳定性监测

 11 、6 Expi ry

 and Retes t

 D atin g 11 、6 6

 有效期与复验期

 1 1、7

 Res erve/Re tention Samples 11 、 7 留样

  12 、 V ALIDAT ION 12 、验证

 12 、1 Va lida tion Pol icy 12 、1 1

 验证方针

 12 、2 Val id ation Doc umentatio n 12 、 2 验证文件

 1 2、3

 Qual ifi cati on 1 1 2、 3 确认

 12、4 App roaches

 to P ro ce ss

 V Vali datio n 1 1 2、 4 工艺验证得方法

 1 12 、5 Process Validati on Progra m 12 2 、5 5

 工艺验证得程序

 12 、 6 Peri o d i c Revie w w

 o f Validated System s 12 2 、6验证系统得定期审核

 12、7 Cle ani ng V ali dation 12 2 、 7 清洗验证

 12 、8 V alida tion

 of Anal ytical Metho ods 1 1 2、 8 分析方法得验证

  1 3、 CHANG E CONTROL 13 3 、变更得控制

  14 、 REJE CTIO N

 AN D RE-U SE

 O OF F

 M AT ER IALS 14 4 、拒收与物料得再利用

 14 、1 R ejec tion 14 、1 1

 拒收

 14 、2

 Rep ro cessin g 14 、 2 返工

 1 4、3 R eworki ng 14 、 3 重新加工

 14 、4

 R ecov ery of Materi als s

 a and Solven ts 14 、 4 物料与溶剂得回收

 14 、5

 Retur ns 1 1 4、 5 退货

 15、

 PLA INTS AND RECAL LS 15 、投诉与召回

  1 16、 、

 C CONTR ACT MAN UFAC TURR ERS (INC LUDING LABORATORIE ES)

 16 、协议生产商(包括实验室)

  1 17 、 AGEN TS, BROK ERS, TRADE ERS , , DI S S T R I BUTOR S , R E EPACKERS , AND R ELAB ELLER S 17 、代理商、经纪人、贸易商、经销商、重新包装者与重新贴签者

 17 、1

 Ap plicab ility 17 、1 1 适用性 1 7、2 Tracea bilit y of Distribu ted d

 APIs a nd

 In terme diates 1 1 7、2 2 已分发得原料药与中间体得可追溯性 1 7、3

 Quality

 Manag ement 17 、3 3 质量管理 17、 、4

 Repacka gin g, Rel ab elin, g, and Hold ing

 of API s an d

 Interme ediate s 17 7 、4 4 原料药与中间体得重新包装、重新贴签与待检 17 、5

 Stab ility 17、5稳定性 17 、6 Transfer

 of Information 17 、 6 信息得传达 17 、7 Handl ing o f pla ints a nd Recalls 17 、7

 投诉与召回得处理 1 17 、8

 H andlin g of Returns 17 7 、 8 退货得处理

 18、

 Specif ic Guid ance for AP Is Manu factur ed b y Cell

 Culture/ /Ferm en ta tio n 18 、

 用细胞繁殖/ / 发酵生产得原料药得特殊指南

 1 8、1 G en eral 18、1

 总则

 18 、2

 Cell Bank Maintenanc e and Record Keeping 18、2 2 细胞库得维护与记录得保存

 18 、3 Cel l Cult ur e/Fermentati on 18 、3 3 细胞繁殖 / 发酵

 18 、4 Harve sting, Isolatio n and d

 Purifica tion 18 8 、4 4 收取、分离与精制

 18 、5 Viral

 Re mova l/I nactivati on step ps 18 8 、 5 病毒得去除/ / 灭活步骤

 1 9、

 AP Is

 for U se

 in Clinical Tri ia als 19 9 、 用于临床研究得原料药

  19 、1

 Ge neral 1 1 9、 1 总则

 19 、2 Qua lity 19 、2 2

 质量

 1 19 、3

 Equipme nt and F acilities 19 、3

 设备与设施

 1 19 、4 Cont rol

 of

 Raw Materi als 19 、4

 原料得控制

 1 19 、5 P roduction 19、5 5

 生产

 19、6 Val idation 19 9 、6 6

 验证

 19 、7 Chan ge s 19 、7

 变更

 1 9、8 Labo ratory Contr ols 19 9 、8

 实验室控制

 19 、9 Documentation 1 1 9、 9 文件

  2 20 、 Glos sary 2 2 0、

 术语

 Q7a GMP Gui dance fo r A PIs Q Q7a 原料药得 GMP P 指南 1 、 INTRO DUCTIO N 1 1 、

 简介

 1 、1 O bj ect iv e 1 1 、1 1 目得

 This document is intended to provide guidance regarding good manufacturing practice (GMP) for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

 under an appropriate system for managing quality、 It is also intended to help ensure that APIs meet the quality and purity characteristics that they purport, or are represented, to possess、 本文件旨在为在合适得质量管理体系下制造活性药用成分(以下称原料药)提供有关优良药品生产管理规范(GMP)提供指南。它也着眼于帮助确保原料药符合其旨在达到或表明拥有得质量与纯度要求。

  In this guidance, the term manufact uring is defined to include all operations of receipt of materials, production, packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling, quality control, release, storage and distribution of APIs and the related controls、 In this guidance, the term sho ul d identifies remendations that, when followed, will ensure pliance with CGMPs、 An alternative approach may be used if such approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statues、 For the purposes of this guidance, the terms c u r rent good

 manufactu r ing practi ces and go od man u f actu ri ng

 prac tices are equivalent、 本指南中所指得“制造"包括物料接收、生产、包装、重新包装、贴签、重新贴签、质量控制、放行、原料药得储存与分发及其相关控制得所有操作.本指南中,“应当”一词表示希望采用得建议,除非证明其不适用或者可用一种已证明有同等或更高质量保证水平得供选物来替代。本指南中得“现行优良生产管理规范(cGMP)”与“优良生产管理规范(GMP)”就是等同得。

  The guidance as a whole does not cover safety aspects for the personnel engaged in manufacturing, nor aspects related to protecting t本指南在总体上未涉及生产人员得安全问题,亦不包括环保方面得内容。这方面得管理就是生产者固有得责任,也就是国家法律规定得。

 he environment、 These controls are inherent responsibilities of the manufacturer and are governed by national laws、

  This guidance is not intended to define registration and/or filing requirements or modify pharmacopoeial requirements、 This guidance does not affect the ability of the responsible regulatory agency to establish specific registration/filing requirements regarding A PIs wi t hin t he context o f mar keting/manufacturing authorizations or drug applications、 All mitmen t s in re g istrat i on / fi l ing documents should be met、 本指南未规定注册/归档得要求、或修改药典得要求。本指南不影响负责药政审理部门在原料药上市/制造授权或药品申请方面建立特定注册/归档要求得能力.注册/归档得所有承诺必须做到.

  1 、2

 Regul atory Appli cability 1 1 、2 2 法规得适用性

 Within the world munity, materials may vary as to their legal classification as an API、 When a material is classified as an API in the region or country in which it is manufactured or used in a drug product, it should be manufactured according to this guidance、 在世界范围内对原料药得法定定义就是各不相同得.当某种物料在其制造或用于药品得地区或国家被称为原料药,就应该按照本指南进行生产。

  1 、3

 Sco pe 1 1 、3范围

 This guidance applies to the manufacture of APIs for use in human drug (medicinal)

 products、 It applies to the manufacture of sterile APIs only up to the point immediately prior to the APIs being rendered sterile、 The sterilization and aseptic processing of sterile APIs are not covered by this guidance, but should be performed in accordance with GMP guidances for drug (medicinal) products as defined by local authorities、 本文件适用于人用药品(医疗用品)所含原料药得生产。它适用于无菌原料药在灭菌前得步骤。本指南不包括无菌原料药得消毒与灭菌工艺,但就是,应当符合地方当局所规定得药品(医疗用品)生产得 GMP 指南。

 This guidance covers APIs that are manufactured by chemical synthesis, extraction, cell culture/fermentation, recovery from natural sources, or any bination of these processes、 Specific guidance for APIs manufactured by cell culture/fermentation is described in Section 18、 本文件适用于通过化学合成、提取、细胞培养/发酵,通过从自然资源回收,或通过这些工艺得结合而得到得原料药。通过细胞培养/发酵生产得原料药得特殊指南则在第18 章论述。

  T his g u i danc e e x c lude s all vaccines, whole cells, whole blood and plasma, blood and plasma derivatives (plasma fractionation), and gene therapy APIs、 However, it does include APIs that are produced using blood or plasma as raw materials、 Note that cell substrates (mammalian, plant, insect or microbial cells, tissue or animal sources including transgenic animals)

 and early process steps may be subject to GMP but are not covered by this guidance、 In addition, the guidance does not apply to medical gases, bulk—packaged drug (medicinal)

 products (e、g、, tablets or capsules in bulk containers), or radiopharmaceuticals、 本指南不包括所有疫苗、完整细胞、全血与血浆、全血与血浆得衍生物(血浆成分)与基因治疗得原料药。但就是却包括以血或血浆为原材料生产得原料药。值得注意得就是细胞培养基(哺乳动物、植物、昆虫或微生物得细胞、组织或动物源包括转基因动物)与前期生产可能应遵循 GMP规范,但不包括在本指南之内。另外,本指南不适用于医用气体、散装得制剂药(例如,散装得片剂与胶囊)与放射性药物得生产。

  Section 19 contains guidance that only applies to the manufacture of APIs used in the production of drug (medicinal)

 products specifically for clinical trials (investigational medicinal products)、 第 19 章得指南只适用于用在药品(医疗用品)生产中得原料药制造,特别就是临床实验用药(研究用医疗产品)得原料药制造。

  An AP I

 st artin g ma te r ia l is a raw material, an intermediate, or an API that is used in the production of an API and that is incorporated as a significant structural fragment into the structure of the API、 An API starting material can be an article of merce, a “原料药得起始物料”就是指一种原料、中间体或原料药,用来生产一种原料药,或者以主要结构单元得形式被结合进原料药结构中。原料药得起始物料可能就是在市场上有售、能够通过合同或商业协议从一个或多个供应商处购得,或由生产厂家自制。原料药得起始物料一般来说有特定得化学特性与结构。

 material purchased from one or more suppliers under contract or mercial agreement, or produced in-house、 API starting materials normally have defined chemical properties and structure、

  The pany should designate and document the rationale for the point at which production of the API begins、 For synthetic processes, this is known as the point at which API starting materials are entered into the process、 For other processes (e、g、, fermentation, extraction, purification), this rationale should be established on a case-by-case basis、 Table 1 gives guidance on the point at which the API starting material is normally introduced into the process、 生产厂商要指定并用书面文件说明原料药得生产从何处开始得理论依据。对于合成工艺而言,就就是“原料药得起始物料”进入工艺得那一点。对其她工艺(如:发酵,提取,纯化等)可能需要具体问题具体对待。表 1 给出了原料药得起始物料从哪一点引入工艺过程得指导原则。

  From this point on, appropriate GMP as defined in this guidance should be applied to these intermediate and/or API manufacturing steps、 This would include the validation of critical process steps determined to impact the quality of the API、 However, it should be noted that the fact that a pany chooses to validate a process step does not necessarily define that steps as critical、 从这步开始,本指南中得有关 GMP 规范应当应用在这些中间体与/或原料药得制造中.这包括对原料药质量有影响得关键工艺步骤得验证。但就是,值得注意得就是厂商选择某一步骤进行验证,并不一定将该步骤定为关键步骤。

  The guidance in this document would normally be applied to the steps shown in gray in Table 1、 However, all steps shown may not be pleted、 The stringency of GMP in API manufacturing should increase as the process proceeds from early API steps to final steps, purification, and packaging、 Physical 本文件得指南通常适用于表1中得灰色步骤。但在表中体现得所有步骤并不就是将应用 GMP管理得所有步骤全部体现出来了。原料药生产中得GMP 要求应当随着工艺得进行,从原料药得前几步到最后几步,精制与包装,越来越严格.原料药得物理加工,如制粒、包衣或颗粒度得物理处理(例如制粉、微粉化)应当按本指南得标准进行。

 processing of APIs, such as granulation, coating or physical manipulation of particle size (e、g、, milling, micronizing)

 should be conducted according to this guidance、

  This GMP guidance does not apply to steps prior to the introduction of the defined API starting material、 本 GMP指南不适用于引入定义了得“原料药得起始物料"以前得步骤. Table 1:

 :

 A Appli ca tion

 of t hi s Gui dance t o API Manufac turing Type of Manufact turi ng A pplicat ion

 of this gui dan ce to step s (sh own in gray) used

 in this

 type of ma nu fac turing C hem ical

 manufacturin g P roduction

 of the e API

 Sta rting m material I ntrodu cti on o f t th e API

 start ing

 mate rial into pro cess Productio n of Inter rmedia te (s )

 Isolation and

 puri fic ati io on P Physical processing , and pa ckagi ng A API d erived from anim al

 s our ces C Collect ion of

 organ, flu id, or t tis sue C utt ing,

 mi xing, a nd/or ini tial p proc essing Intro du ction of the e

 API star ting ma ter rial

 i nto

 process Isolation and pu rifica tion Physic al pr oces sin ng ,

 and

 pa ckagin g API

 extracted from m

 p pl ant

 sou ur rces Collec tion o f plant C utt ing and initia l extract io n(s )

 Intr od uct io n of th e API s tart in g m materi al into process Isol ati on an d p uri ifica tion Physical process ing, ,

 an nd packa ging H Herbal extracts u used as API Col lection o f pla an ts C utting a nd in itial extrac tion

 Furt her

 ex xtract ion Phy sical

 p roce ssin ng g, and p ackag ing API cons is ting o of minu ted or r

 p po wd ered herb s C ollect ion of

 p pl ants

 and/or c cu ltiva tion a nd har ves ting Cutting /minuting

  P Physica l pro cessin g, and

 packaging Bio tech no logy :

 fe rmentat ion/ce ll

 cu lt ure E sta blishment

 of m as ter ce ll bank and working g c ell bank Mainten ance of worki ing c ell bank C ell

 c ulture and/or f ermen tation Isolat ion

 and puri fication Physica l proc ess ing, and

 pack ag ing “ Clas sical”

 fermentat ion to produ ce an API E Establish ment of f cell

 bank Ma intenance

 of th e c ell b ank Intr oduction of the cells i nto f er mentati on I Isolation and

 pur ificat ion Phy si cal proces si ng, a an d p ackaging

 表 表 1:

 :

 本指南在原料药生产中得应用 生产类型 本指南在用于各类生产得工艺步骤( 灰色背景)中得应用 化学 品得生产 原料药起始物料得生产 产 原料药起始物料引入工艺过程 中间体得生产 分离与纯化 物理加工与包装 动物源原料药 器官、分泌物或组织得收集 切割、混合与/或初步加工 工 原料药起始物料引入工艺过程 分离与纯化 物理加工与包装 从植物源提取得原料 植物得收集 切割与初步提取 原料药起始物料引入工 分离与纯化 物理加工与包装 Increasing GMP requirements

 药 药 艺过程 草药提取物用作原料药 药 植物得收集 切割与初步提取

 进一步提取 物理加工与包装 由粉碎得或粉末状草药组成得原料药 植物得收集与/ 或培养与收获 切割/ 粉碎

  物理加工与包装 生物技术: 发酵/ 细胞培养 主细胞库与工作细胞库得建立 工作细胞库得维护 细胞培养与/或发酵 分离与纯化 物理加工与包装 “ 经典” 发酵生产原料药 细胞库得建立 细胞库得维护 细胞引入发酵 分离与纯化 物理加工与包装

 2 、 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 2。质量管理

 2 、1

 P rincip les 2 2 、1 1 总则

 2 、10 Quality should be the responsibilities of all persons involved in manufacturing、 2 、10 参与原料药生产得每一个人都应当对质量负责。

  2 、11 Each manufacturer should establish, document, and implement an effective system for managing quality that involves the active participation of management and appropriate manufacturing personnel、 2、11 每一个生产商都应当建立并执行一套有管理人员与有关员工积极参与得有效得质量管理体系,并使其文件化。

  2 、12 The system for managing quality should enpass the organizational structure, procedures, process and resources, as well as activities to ensure confidence that the API will meet its intended specifications for quality and purity、 All quality-related activities should be defined and documented、 2 、12 质量管理体系应当包括组织机构、规程、工艺与资源,以及确保原料药会符合其预期得质量与纯度要求所必需得活动。所有涉及质量管理得活动都应当明确规定,并使其文件化。

  2、 、1 3 There should be a quality unit(s) that is independent of production and that fulfills both quality assurance (QA)

 and quality control (QC) responsibilities、 The quality unit can be in the form of separate QA and QC units or a single individual or group, depending upon the size and structure of the organization、 2、 、1 3 应当设立一个独立于生产部门得质量部门,同时履行质量保证(Q A )与质量控制 ( Q C)得职责.依照组织机构得大小,可以就是分开得 QA 与QC部门,或者只就是一个人或小组。

 GMP 得要求增加

 2、1 4 The persons authorized to release intermediates and APIs should be specified、 2、 、1 4 应当指定授权发放中间体与原料药得人员.

  2、15 All quality-related activities should be recorded at the time they are performed、 2 、15 所有有关质量得活动应当在其执行时就记录.

  2 、1 6 Any deviation from established procedures should be documented and explained、 Critical deviations should be investigated, and the investigation and its conclusions should be documented、 2 、16 任何偏离既定规程得情况都应当有文字记录并加以解释.对于关键性偏差应当进行调查,并记录调查经过及其结果。

  2 、17 No materials should be released or used before the satisfactory pletion of evaluation by the quality unit(s)

 unless there are appropriate systems in place to allow for such use (e、g、, release under quarantine as described in Section 10 or the use of raw materials or intermediates pending pletion of evaluation)、 2 、17 在质量部门对物料完成满意得评价之前,任何物料都不应当发放或使用,除非有合适得系统允许此类使用(如 10 、20 0条款所述得待检情况下得使用,或就是原料或中间体在等待评价结束时得使用).

  2、18 Procedures should exist for notifying responsible management in a timely manner of regulatory inspections, serious GMP deficiencies, product defects and related actions (e、g、, quality-related plaints, recalls, and regulatory actions)、 2 、18 应当有规程能确保公司得责任管理部门能及时得到有关药政检查、严重得 GMP缺陷、产品缺陷及其相关活动(如质量投诉,召回,药政活动等)得通知。

  2 、2 Resp onsibi lit ies o f t he Qual lity Uni t(s )

 2、2 2 质量部门得责任

 2、 、20 The quality unit(s)

 should be involved in all quality—related matters、 2 、20 质量部门应当参与所有与质量有关得事物。

  2 、21 The quality unit(s)

 should review and approve all appropriate 2 、21 所有与质量有关得文件应当由质量部门审核批准。

 quality-related documents、

  2 、22 The main responsibilities of the independent quality unit(s) should not be delegated、 These responsibilities should be described in writing and should include, but not necessarily be limited to: 1. Releasing or rejecting all APIs、 Releasing or rejecting intermediates for use outside the control of the manufacturing pany 2. Establishing a system to release or reject raw materials, intermediates, packaging, and labeling materials 3. Reviewing pleted batch production and laboratory control records of critical process steps before release of the API for distribution 4. Making sure that critical deviations are investigated and resolved 5. Approving all specifications and master production instructions 6. Ap p rov i ng all proc e d ur e s affecting the quality of intermediates or APIs 7. Making sure that internal audits (self-inspections)

 are performed 8. Approving intermediate and API contract manufacturers 9. Approving changes that potentially affect intermediate or API quality 10. Reviewing and approving validation protocols and reports 11. Making sure that quality-related plaints are investigated and resolved 12. M a k in g su r e that effec t ive 2、 、22 独立得质量部门得主要职责不应当委派给她人。这些责任应当以文字形式加以说明,而且应当包括,但不限于: 1. 所有原料药得放行与否。用于生产商控制范围以外得中间体得放行与否; 2. 建立一个放行与拒收原材料、中间体、包装材料与标签得系统; 3. 在供销售得原料药放行前,审核已完成得关键步骤得批生产记录与实验室检验记录; 4. 确保已对重大偏差进行了调查并已解决; 5. 批准所有得规格标准与主生产指令; 6. 批准所有可能影响原料药与中间体质量得规程; 7. 确保进行内部审计(自检); 8. 批准中间体或原料药得委托生产商; 9. 批准可能影响到中间体或原料药质量得变更; 10. 审核并批准验证方案与报告; 11. 确保调查并解决质量问题得投诉; 12. 确保用有效得体系来维护与校验关键设备; 13. 确保物料都经过了适当得检验并报告结果; 14. 确保有稳定性数据支持中间体或原料药得复验期或有效期与储存条件; 15. 开展产品质量审核(详见 2、5 节)。

 systems are used for maintaining and calibrating critical equipment 13. Making sure that materials are appropriately tested and the results are reported 14. Making sure that there is stability data to support retest or expiry dates and storage conditions on APIs and/or intermediates, where appropriate 15. Performing product quality reviews (as defined in Section 2 、5)

  2 、3 Res ponsi bility for

 P roducti ion A ctiv it ies 2 2 、3 3 生产作业得职责

 The responsibility for production activities should be described in writing and should include, but not necessarily be limited to:

 1. Preparing, reviewing, approving, and distributing the instructions for the production of intermediates or APIs according to written procedures 2. Producing APIs and, when appropriate, intermediates according to pre-approved instructions 3. Reviewing all production batch records and ensuring that these are pleted and signed 4. Making sure that all production deviations are reported and evaluated and that critical deviations are investigated and the conclusions are recorded 5. Making sure that production facilities are clean and, when appropriate, disinfected 6. Making sure that the necessary calibrations are performed and records kept 7. Making sure that the premises 生产作业得职责应当以文字形式加以说明,并应当包括,但不限于以下内容:

 1. 按书面程序起草、审核、批准与分发中间体或原料药得生产指令; 2. 按照已批准得指令生产原料药或者中间体; 3. 审核所有得批生产记录确保其完整并有签名; 4. 确保所有得生产偏差都已报告、评价,对关键得偏差已做了调查,并记录结论; 5. 确保生产设施得清洁,必要时要消毒; 6. 确保进行必要得校验,并有记录; 7. 确保对厂房与设备进行保养,并有记录; 8. 确保验证方案与报告得审核与批准; 9. 对产品、工艺或设备拟作得变更进行评估; 10. 确保新得或已改进得生产设施与设备经过了确认。

 and equipment are maintained and records kept 8. Making sure that validation protocols and reports are reviewed and approved 9. Evaluating proposed changes in product, process or equipment 10. Making sure that new and, when appropriate, modified facilities and equipment are qualified

  2 、4 Inte rn al

 Audits

 (Self Inspe ection )

 2 2 、4 4 内部审计(自检) )

 2、 、4 0 To verify pliance with the principles of GMP for APIs, regular internal audits should be performed in accordance with an approved schedule、 2 、40 为确实符合原料药GMP 原则,应当按照批准得计划进行定期得内部审计。

  2 、41 Audit findings and corrective actions should be documented and brought to the attention of responsible management of the firm、 Agreed corrective actions should be pleted in a timely and effective manner、 2、41 审计结果及整改措施应当形成文件,并引起公司责任管理人员得重视。获准得整改措施应当及时、有效地完成.

  2 、5 P rod uct Qu al ity Revie w 2 2 、5 5 产品质量审核

 2 、50 Regular quality—reviews of APIs should be conducted with the objective of verifying the consistency of the process、 Such reviews should normally be conducted and documented annually and should include at least:

 ● A review of critical in-process control and critical API test results ● A review of all batches that failed to meet established specification(s)

 ● A review of all critical deviations or nonconformances and related investigations 2 、50 原料药得定期质量审核应当以证实工艺得一致性为目得来进行。此种审核通常应当每年进行一次,并记录,内容至少应当包括: ● 关键工艺控制以及原料药关键测试结果得审核; ● 所有不符合既定质量标准得产品批号得审核; ● 所有关键得偏差或违规行为及有关调查得审核; ● 任何工艺或分析方法变动得审核; ● 稳定性监测得审核; ● 所有与质量有关得退货、投诉与召回得审核; ● 整改措施得适当性得审核.

 ● A review of any changes carried out to the processes or analytical methods ● A review of results of the stability monitoring program ● A review of all quality-related returns, plaints and recalls ● A review of adequacy of corrective actions

  2 、51 The results of this review should be evaluated and an assessment made of whether corrective action or any revalidation should be undertaken、 Reasons for such correc t i v e a ction s h oul d be documented、 Agreed corrective actions should be pleted in a timely and effective manner、 2、51 应当对质量审核结果进行评估,并做出就是否需要整改或做任何再验证得评价。此类整改措施得理由应当文件化。获准得整改措施应当及时、有效地完成.

  3、 PERSON NEL 3 3 、

 人员

 3 、1 Pers onn el Qualifica tion s 3 3 、1 1 员工得资质

 3、10 There should be an adequate number of personnel qualified by appropriate education, training, and/or experience to perform and supervise the manufacture of intermediates and APIs、 3、10 应当有足够数量得员工具备从事与监管原料药与中间体生产得教育、培训与/或经历等资格。

  3 、11 The responsibilities of all personnel engaged in the manufacture of intermediates and APIs should be specified in writing、 3 、11 参与原料药与中间体生产得所有人员得职责应当书面规定.

  3 、12 Training should be regularly conducted by qualified individuals and should cover, at a minimum, the particular operations that the employee performs and GMP as it relates to the employee’s functions、 Records of training should b3 、12 应当由有资格得人员定期进行培训,内容至少应当包括员工所从事得特定操作与与其职能有关得 GMP。培训记录应当保存,并应当定期对培训进行评估。

 e maintained、 Training should be periodically assessed、

  3 、2 Pers onne l Hygiene 3 3 、2 2

 员工得卫生

 3 、20 Personnel should practice good sanitation and health habits、 3、 、20 员工应当养成良好得卫生与健康习惯.

  3、2 1 Personnel should wear clean clothing suitable for the manufacturing activity with which they are involved and this clothing should be changed, when appropriate、 Additional protective apparel, such as head, face, hand, and arm coverings, should be worn, when necessary, to protect intermediates and APIs from contamination、 3 、21 员工应当穿着适合其所从事生产操作得干净服装,必要时应当更换.其它保护性用品如头、脸、手与臂等遮护用品必要时也应当佩带,以免原料药与中间体受到污染。

  3、 、22 Personnel should avoid direct contact with intermediates and APIs、 3、22 员工应当避免与中间体或原料药得直接接触。

  3、2 3 Smoking, eating, drinking, chewing and the storage of food should be restricted to certain designated areas separate from the manufacturing areas、 3 、2 3 吸烟、吃、喝、咀嚼及存放食品仅限于与生产区隔开得指定区域。

  3、24 Personnel suffering from an infectious disease or having open lesions on the exposed surface of the body should not engage in activities that could result in promising the quality of APIs、 Any person shown at any time (either by medical examination or supervisory observation) to have an apparent illness or open lesions should be excluded from activities where the condition could adversely affect the quality of the APIs until the condition is corrected or qualified medical personnel determine that th3 、24 患传染性疾病或身体表面有开放性创伤得员工不应当从事危及原料药质量得生产活动.在任何时候(经医学检验或监控检查)任何患有危及到原料药质量得疾病或创伤得人员都不应当参与作业,直到健康状况已恢复,或者有资格得医学人员确认该员工不会危及到原料药得安全性与质量。

 e person’s inclusion would not jeopardize the safety or quality of the APIs、

  3 、3 Con sultants 3、 3 顾问

 3 、30 Consultants advising on the manufacture and control of intermediates or APIs should have sufficient education, training, and experience, or any bination thereof, to advise on the subject for which they are retained、 3 、30 中间体或原料药生产与控制得顾问应当有足够得学历,受训与经验,能胜任所承担得工作。

  3 、3 1 Records should be maintained stating the name, address, qualifications, and type of service provided by these consultants、 3 、31 顾问得姓名、地址、资格与提供服务得类型都应当有文字记录。

  4 、 BU ILDIN GS A ND F ACIL ITIES 4 4 、

 建筑与设施

 4 、1

 D esig n an d Const ruction 4、 1 设计与结构

 4 、1 0 Buildings and facilities used in the manufacture of intermediates and APIs s ho u l d b e l oca t ed , designed, and constructed to facilitate cleaning, maintenance, and operations as appropriate to the type and stage of manufacture、 Facilities should also be designed to minimize potential contamination、 Where microbiological specifications have been established for the intermediate or API, facilities should also be designed to li m i t expos u re to object i onab l e microbiological contaminants, as appropriate、 4、1 0 用于中间体与原料药生产得厂房与设施得选址、设计与建造应当便于清洁,维护与适应一定类型与阶段得生产操作.设施得设计应尽量减少潜在得污染。如果中间体或原料药得生产有微生物限度要求,那么设施设计应相应得限制有害微生物得污染。

  4 、11 Buildings and facilities should have adequate space for the orderly placement of equipment and materials to prevent mix-ups and contamination、 、 4、11 厂房与设施应有足够空间,以便有秩序地放置设备与物料,防止混淆与污染.

 1 4、12 Where the equipment itself (e、g、, closed or contained system) provides adequate protection of the material, such equipment can be located outdoors、 4 、12 自身能对物料提供足够保护得设备(如关闭得或封闭得系统),可以在户外放置.

  4 、13 The flow of materials and personnel through the building or facilities should be designed to prevent mix-ups and contamination、 4、13 通过厂房与设施得物流与人流得设计应当能防止混杂与污染。

  4 、14 There should be defined areas or other control systems for the following activities:

 ● Receipt, identification, sampling, and quarantine of ining materials, pending release or rejection ● Quarantine before release or rejection of intermediates and APIs ● Sampling of intermediates and APIs ● Holding rejected materials before further disposition (e、g、, return, reprocessing or destruction)

 ● Storage of released materials ● Production operations ● Packaging and labeling operations ● Laboratory operations 4、 、1 4 以下活动应当有指定区域或其它控制系统: ● 来料得接收、鉴别、取样与待验,等待放行或拒收; ● 中间体与原料药放行或拒收前得待验; ● 中间体与原料药得取样 ● 不合格物料处理(如退货、返工或销毁)前得贮存; ● 已放行物料得贮存; ● 生产操作; ● 包装及贴标签操作; ● 实验室操作。

  4、15 Adequate and clean washing and toilet facilities should be provided for personnel、 These facilities should be equipped with hot and cold water, as appropriate, soap or detergent, air dryers, or single service towels、 The washing and toilet facilities should be separate from, but easily accessible to, manufacturing areas、 Adequate facilities for showering and/or ch4 、15 应当为员工提供足够与清洁得盥洗设施。这些盥洗设施应当装有冷热水(视情况而定)、肥皂或洗涤剂,干手机与一次性毛巾。盥洗室应当与生产区隔离,但要便于达到。应当根据情况提供足够得淋浴与/或更衣设施。

 anging clothes should be provided, when appropriate、

  4、16 Laboratory areas/operations should normally be separated from production areas、 Some laboratory areas, in particular those used for in—process controls, can be located in production areas, provided the operations of the production process do not adversely affect the accuracy of the laboratory measurements, and the laboratory and its operations do not adversely affect the production process, intermediate, or API、 4、 、16 实验室区域/操作通常应当与生产区隔离.有些实验室区域,特别就是用于中间控制得,可以位于生产区内,只要生产工艺操作对实验室测量得准确性没有负面影响,而且,实验室及其操作对生产过程,或中间体,或原料药也没有负面影响.

  4 、2 U tilit ies 4 4 、2

 公用设施

 4、20 All utilities that could affect product quality (e、g、, steam, gas, pressed air, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning)

 should be qualified and appropriately monitored and action should be taken when limits are exceeded、 Drawings for these utility systems should be available、 4、20 对产品质量会有影响得所有公用设施(如蒸汽,气体,压缩空气与加热,通风及空调)都应当确认合格,并进行适当监控,在超出限度时应当采取相应措施。应当有这些公用设施得系统图.

  4 、21 Adequate ventilation, air filtration and exhaust systems should be provided, where appropriate、 These systems should be designed and constructed to minimize risks of contamination and cross-contamination and should include equipment for control of air pressure, microorganisms (if appropriate), dust, humidity, and temperature, as appropriate to the stage of manufacture、 Particular attention should be giving to areas where APIs are exposed to the environment、 4 、21 应当根据情况,提供足够得通风、空气过滤与排气系统。这些系统应当根据相应得生产阶段,设计与建造成将污染与交叉污染降至最低限度,并包括控制气压、微生物(如果适用)、灰尘、湿度与温度得设备。特别值得注意得就是原料药暴露得区域。

 4 、2 2 If air is recirculated to production areas, appropriate measures should be taken to control risks of c o nt a mina t ion and cro s s -contamination、 4 、22 如果空气再循环到生产区域,应当采取适当得控制污染与交叉污染得风险。

  、 4、23 Permanently installed pipework should be appropriately identified 、 Th i s c an be a cplished by identifying individual lines, documentation, puter control system, or alternative means、 Pipework should be located to avoid risks of contamination of the intermediate or ApI、 4、23 永久性安装得管道应当有适宜得标识。这可以通过标识每根管道、提供证明文件、计算机控制系统,或其它替代方法来达到。管道得安装处应当防止污染中间体或原料药。

  4 、24 Drains should be of adequate size and should be provided with an air break or a suitable device to prevent back—siphonage, when appropriate、 4、 、2 4 排水沟应当有足够得尺寸,而且应当根据情况装有空断器或适当得装置,防止倒虹吸。

  4 、3 Wa te r 4、 3 水

 、 4、3 0 Water used in the manufacture of APIs should be demonstrated to be suitable for its intended use、 4、30 原料药生产中使用得水应当证明适合于其预定得用途。

  4 、31 Unless otherwise justified, process water should, at a minimum, meet World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking (portable) water quality、 4 、31 除非有其它理由,工艺用水最低限度应当符合世界卫生组织(WHO)得饮用水质量指南。

  4 、32 If drinking (portable) water is insufficient to ensure API quality and tighter chemical and/or microbiological water quality specifications are called for, appropriate specifications for physical/chemical attributes, total microbial counts, objectionable organisms, and/or endotoxins should be established、 4 、3 2 如果饮用水不足以确保原料得质量,并要求更为严格得化学与/或微生物水质规格标准,应当指定合适得物理/化学特性、微生物总数、控制菌与/或内毒素得规格标准。

  4、3 3 Where water used in the proc 4、 、33 在工艺用水为达到规定质量由制造商

 ess is treated by the manufacturer to achieve a defined quality, the treatment process should be validated and monitored with appropriate action limits、 进行处理时,处理工艺应当经过验证,并用合适得处置限度来监测。

  4 、34 Where the manufacturer of a nonsterile API either intends or claims that it is suitable for use in further processing to produce a sterile drug (medicinal)

 product, water used in the final isolation and purification steps should be monitored and controlled for total microbial counts, objectionable organisms, and endotoxins、 4、34 当非无菌原料药得制造商打算或者声称该原料药适用于进一步加工生产无菌药品(医疗用品)时,最终分离与精制阶段得用水应当进行微生物总数、致病菌与内毒素方面得监测与控制。

  4 、4 Con tainment 4、4

 限制

 4 、40 Dedicated production areas, which can include facilities, air handling equipment and/or process equipment, should be employed in the production of highly sensitizing materials, such as pen...

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