中央经济工作会议、中央城镇化工作会议、中央农村工作会议

　 2014年3大重要会议精神：中央经济工作会议、中央城镇化工作会议、中央农村工作会议发布时间：2014-02-04 　编者按：中央经济工作会议、中央城镇化工作会议和中央农村工作会议分别于2013年12月10日至13日、12月12日至13日、12月23日至24日在北京召开。这是党的十八届三中全会之后召开的三个全国性重要会议，明确了2014年经济工作“稳中求进、改革创新”的主基调和“六大任务”，以及城镇化工作、农村工作的目标任务。全面深入理解把握三个工作会议的主要精神，对如何在复杂的国内外经济局势下全面深化改革，找准着力点、把握关键点，做好2014年的工作，具有重要的指导意义，特编发本期导刊。请各单位于1月3日(周五)下午组织党员干部集中学习讨论，把思想认识行动统一到会议精神上来，全力推进天津北部经济中心建设，为美丽天津建设做出新贡献。

　※经济工作：稳中求进 改革创新※　中央经济工作会议部署六大任务　梳理中央经济工作会议十大关键词　※城镇化工作：顺势而为 水到渠成※　中央城镇化工作会议部署六大任务　中央城镇化工作会议回应三大社会关切　※“三农”工作：牢牢抓住 紧紧抓好※　历数中央农村工作思路的“一二三四五六”　透视中央农村工作会议新信息　经济工作：稳中求进 改革创新　中央经济工作会议部署2014年六大任务　1、切实保障国家粮食安全　必须实施以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略。要依靠自己保口粮，集中国内资源保重点，做到谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全。坚持数量质量并重，更加注重农产品质量和食品安全，注重生产源头治理和产销全程监管。注重永续发展，转变农业发展方式，发展节水农业、循环农业。抓好粮食安全保障能力建设，加强农业基础设施建设，加快农业科技进步。

　2、大力调整产业结构　要着力抓好化解产能过剩和实施创新驱动发展。坚定不移化解产能过剩，不折不扣执行好中央化解产能过剩的决策部署。把使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用有机结合起来，坚持通过市场竞争实现优胜劣汰。政府要强化环保、安全等标准的硬约束，加大执法力度，对破坏生态环境的要严惩重罚。化解产能过剩的根本出路是创新，包括技术创新、产品创新、组织创新、商业模式创新、市场创新。大力发展战略性新兴产业，加快传统产业优化升级。创造环境，使企业真正成为创新主体。政府要做好加强知识产权保护、完善促进企业创新的税收政策等工作。强化激励，用好人才，使发明者、创新者能够合理分享创新收益，打破阻碍技术成果转化的瓶颈。

　3、着力防控债务风险　要把控制和化解地方政府性债务风险作为经济工作的重要任务，把短期应对措施和长期制度建设结合起来，做好化解地方政府性债务风险各项工作。加强源头规范，把地方政府性债务分门别类纳入全口径预算管理，严格政府举债程序。明确责任落实，省区市政府要对本地区地方政府性债务负责任。强化教育和考核，从思想上纠正不正确的政绩导向。

　4、积极促进区域协调发展　要继续深入实施区域发展总体战略，完善并创新区域政策，缩小政策单元，重视跨区域、次区域规划，提高区域政策精准性，按照市场经济一般规律制定政策。坚定不移实施主体功能区制度，使自然条件不同区域按照主体功能区定位推动发展。全面建成小康社会，要以各地发展为基础。扎扎实实打好扶贫攻坚战，让贫困地区群众生活不断好起来，贫困地区要把提高扶贫对象生活水平作为衡量政绩的主要考核指标，扶贫工作要科学规划、因地制宜、抓住重点，提高精准性、有效性、持续性。

　5、着力做好保障和改善民生工作　要继续按照守住底线、突出重点、完善制度、引导舆论的思路，统筹教育、就业、收入分配、社会保障、医药卫生、住房、食品安全、安全生产等，切实做好改善民生各项工作。把做好就业工作摆到突出位置，重点抓好高校毕业生就业和化解产能过剩中出现的下岗再就业工作。努力解决好住房问题，探索适合国情、符合发展阶段性特征的住房模式，加大廉租住房、公共租赁住房等保障性住房建设和供给，做好棚户区改造。特大城市要注重调整供地结构，提高住宅用地比例，提高土地容积率。加大环境治理和保护生态的工作力度、投资力度、政策力度，加强区域联防联控，加强源头治理，把大气污染防治措施真正落到实处。

　6、不断提高对外开放水平　要保持传统出口优势，发挥技术和大型成套装备出口对关联行业出口的带动作用，创造新的比较优势和竞争优势，扩大国内转方式调结构所需设备和技术等进口。注重制度建设和规则保障，加快推进自贸区谈判，稳步推进投资协定谈判。营造稳定、透明、公平的投资环境，切实保护投资者的合法权益。加强对走出去的宏观指导和服务，提供对外投资精准信息，简化对外投资审批程序。推进丝绸之路经济带建设，抓紧制定战略规划，加强基础设施互联互通建设。建设21世纪海上丝绸之路，加强海上通道互联互通建设，拉紧相互利益纽带。(摘自2013年12月14日《人民日报》)

　梳理中央经济工作会议十大关键词　关键词之一：深化改革　会议指出，2014年是全面贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会精神、全面深化改革的第一年，改革任务重大而艰巨。会议强调，必须加强党对全面深化改革的领导。党的十八届三中全会作出的决定，是我们党在新的时代条件下全面深化改革的总部署、总动员，完成决定确定的改革任务时间紧迫。

　关键词之二：区分情况、分类推进　会议强调，必须加强党对全面深化改革的领导。党的十八届三中全会作出的决定，是我们党在新的时代条件下全面深化改革的总部署、总动员，完成决定确定的改革任务时间紧迫。要区分情况、分类推进，对方向明、见效快的改革，属于地方和部门可以授权操作的改革，明年和近期就可以加快推进;对涉及面广、需要中央决策的改革，要加快研究提出改革方案，制定具体改革策略;对认识还不深入、但又必须推进的改革，要大胆探索、试点先行;对全会提出的一些需要推进的制度性建设，需要修改完善法律的也要加快研究、尽快启动。党中央已决定成立中央全面深化改革领导小组，在中共中央政治局、中央政治局常委会领导下工作。各地区各部门都要指定一个机构负责改革工作，主要领导同志要亲自抓。

　关键词之三：稳中求进　做好明年经济工作，最核心的是要坚持稳中求进、改革创新。要稳扎稳打，步步为营，统筹稳增长、调结构、促改革，巩固稳中向好的发展态势，促进经济社稳定，为全面深化改革创造条件。同时，要积极推动全面深化改革，坚持问题导向，勇于突破创新，以改革促发展、促转方式调结构、促民生改善。

　关键词之四：增强金融运行效率　会议指出，做好明年经济工作，必须继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。进一步完善调整财政支出结构，厉行节约，提高资金使用效率，完善结构性减税政策，扩大营改增试点行业。保持货币信贷及社会融资规模合理增长，改善和优化融资结构和信贷结构，提高直接融资比重，推进利率市场化和人民币汇率形成机制改革，增强金融运行效率和服务实体经济能力。

　关键词之五：口粮绝对安全　会议指出，必须实施以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略。要依靠自己保口粮，集中国内资源保重点，做到谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全。更加注重农产品质量和食品安全，转变农业发展方式，抓好粮食安全保障能力建设。

　关键词之六：化解产能过剩　会议指出，要着力抓好化解产能过剩和实施创新驱动发展。坚定不移化解产能过剩，不折不扣执行好中央化解产能过剩的决策部署。大力发展战略性新兴产业，加快发展各类服务业，推进传统产业优化升级。创造环境，使企业真正成为创新主体。政府要做好加强知识产权保护、完善促进企业创新的税收政策等工作。

　关键词之七：严格政府举债程序　会议提出，要把控制和化解地方政府性债务风险作为经济工作的重要任务。加强源头规范，把地方政府性债务分门别类纳入全口径预算管理，严格政府举债程序。明确责任落实，省区市政府要对本地区地方政府性债务负责任。强化教育和考核，从思想上纠正不正确的政绩导向。

　关键词之八：促进区域协调发展　会议要求，要继续深入实施区域发展总体战略，完善并创新区域政策，重视跨区域、次区域规划。坚定不移实施主体功能区制度，扎扎实实打好扶贫攻坚战。

　关键词之九：着力改善民生　会议强调，做好明年经济工作的总体要求是，全面贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中全会精神，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，着力改善民生，切实提高经济发展质量和效益，促进经济持续健康发展、社会和谐稳定。

　要继续按照守住底线、突出重点、完善制度、引导舆论的思路，切实做好改善民生各项工作。把做好就业工作摆到突出位置，重点抓好高校毕业生就业和化解产能过剩中出现的下岗再就业工作。努力解决好住房问题，加大廉租住房、公共租赁住房等保障性住房建设和供给，做好棚户区改造。加大环境治理和保护生态的工作力度、投资力度、政策力度。

　关键词之十：两个“丝绸之路”　要保持传统出口优势，创造新的比较优势和竞争优势，扩大国内转方式调结构所需设备和技术等进口。加快推进自贸区谈判，稳步推进投资协定谈判。营造稳定、透明、公平的投资环境，切实保护投资者的合法权益。加强对走出去的宏观指导和服务，简化对外投资审批程序。推进丝绸之路经济带建设，建设21世纪海上丝绸之路。(摘自人民网-财经频道)　城镇化工作：顺势而为 水到渠成　中央城镇化工作会议部署六大任务　1、推进农业转移人口市民化　主要任务是解决已经转移到城镇就业的农业转移人口落户问题，努力提高农民工融入城镇的素质和能力。要发展各具特色的城市产业体系，强化城市间专业化分工协作，增强中小城市产业承接能力。全面放开建制镇和小城市落户限制，有序放开中等城市落户限制，合理确定大城市落户条件，严格控制特大城市人口规模。推进农业转移人口市民化要坚持自愿、分类、有序。

　2、提高城镇建设用地利用效率　要按照严守底线、调整结构、深化改革的思路，严控增量，盘活存量，优化结构，提升效率，切实提高城镇建设用地集约化程度。耕地红线一定要守住，红线包括数量，也包括质量。按照促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀的总体要求，形成生产、生活、生态空间的合理结构。减少工业用地，适当增加生活用地特别是居住用地，切实保护耕地、园地、菜地等农业空间，划定生态红线。按照守住底线、试点先行的原则稳步推进土地制度改革。

　3、建立多元可持续的资金保障机制　要完善地方税体系，逐步建立地方主体税种，建立财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制。建立健全地方债券发行管理制度。推进政策性金融机构改革。鼓励社会资本参与城市公用设施投资运营。

　4、优化城镇化布局和形态　全国主体功能区规划对城镇化总体布局做了安排，提出了“两横三纵”的城市化战略格局，要一张蓝图干到底。要在中西部和东北有条件的地区，依靠市场力量和国家规划引导，逐步发展形成若干城市群，成为带动中西部和东北地区发展的重要增长极。科学设置开发强度，尽快把每个城市特别是特大城市开发边界划定，把城市放在大自然中，把绿水青山保留给城市居民。

　5、提高城镇建设水平　城市建设水平是城市生命力所在。城镇建设，要实事求是确定城市定位，科学规划和务实行动，避免走弯路;要依托现有山水脉络等独特风光，让城市融入大自然，让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁;要融入现代元素，更要保护和弘扬传统优秀文化，延续城市历史文脉;要融入让群众生活更舒适的理念，体现在每一个细节中。要加强建筑质量管理制度建设。在促进城乡一体化发展中，要注意保留村庄原始风貌，慎砍树、不填湖、少拆房，尽可能在原有村庄形态上改善居民生活条件。

　6、加强对城镇化的管理　要制定实施好国家新型城镇化规划，加强重大政策统筹协调，各地区要研究提出符合实际的推进城镇化发展意见。培养一批专家型的城市管理干部，用科学态度、先进理念、专业知识建设和管理城市。建立空间规划体系，推进规划体制改革，加快规划立法工作。城市规划要由扩张性规划逐步转向限定城市边界、优化空间结构的规划。城市规划要保持连续性。(摘自2013年12月15日《人民日报》)　中央城镇化工作会议回应社会3大关切

　人到哪去 钱从哪来 地怎么管　经过多年快速发展，当前，我国城镇化进程正站在一个新的历史起点上。展望未来，亿万农业转移人口如何尽快实现市民化?财政资金能否满足城市建设的大量需求?城市扩张会不会过分侵占耕地，危及粮食安全?　日前举行的中央城镇化工作会议传递出一系列重要信息，对这些社会普遍关切的问题给予了充分回应。

　农业转移人口市民化将优先解决存量　目前，我国已实现52%的常住人口城镇化率，但只实现35%的户籍人口城镇化率，17个百分点之差使2亿多名农民工难以享受到城镇基本社会公共服务，他们的收入、就业、住房、社保、子女就学等都成了难题。

　“农业转移人口市民化问题肯定要解决，但要有进度、有顺序，不可能一蹴而就，也不能搞‘一刀切’。”中国国际经济交流中心信息部部长徐洪才说。

　那么，谁先谁后呢?中央城镇化工作会议提出，要把促进有能力在城镇稳定就业和生活的常住人口有序实现市民化作为首要任务。

　“有能力在城镇稳定就业和生活，说明这部分人是城镇经济社会发展所需要的，为城镇经济社会发展做出了贡献，应首先解决这部分人中有能力、有意愿的落户城镇。”中国社科院副研究员陈飞说。

　陈飞认为，农村人口的城市化将是一个长期的历史过程。由于历史欠账和财力所限，城镇化应坚持量力而行和尽力而为的原则，首先解决存量问题，随着制度的完善和财力的增加，再逐步转向以市场无形之手解决增量问题。

　城镇化将成民间资金新的投资渠道　加快推进城镇化需要大量资金。据国家开发银行预计，未来三年我国城镇化投融资资金需求量将达25万亿元。

　“政府财力是有限的。”徐洪才指出，如果光靠财政资金来支撑城镇化进程的话，等于逼着政府盲目举债、寅吃卯粮，不仅不可持续，还蕴含巨大风险。

　那么，钱从哪里来呢?中央城镇化工作会议提出，要建立多元可持续的资金保障机制。

　国务院发展研究中心宏观经济部研究员张立群指出，中央城镇化工作会议提出了一整套解决方案：建立地方主体税种和债券发行管理制度，可以充实地方财力;建立财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制，可以有效调动地方积极性;放宽市场准入，可以鼓励社会资本参与城镇化建设……　“目前，大量民间资金找不到投资渠道。只要政府能够提供公平竞争机会，创造良好市场环境，一定能发挥财政资金‘四两拨千斤’的作用，带动社会各个层面力量共同推进城镇化。”张立群说。

　城镇建设用地将以盘活存量为主　人多地少是我国的基本国情。随着城镇化推进，我国平均每年减少耕地600多万亩，日益逼近18亿亩的耕地红线。

　“我国过去30多年的城镇化进程是对土地相对粗放的利用。但面对粮食安全这个大问题，我们的城镇化不可能永远无节制占用耕地。”陈飞说。

　那么，城镇建设用地从哪来呢?中央城镇化工作会议提出，要严控增量，盘活存量，优化结构，提升效率，切实提高城镇建设用地集约化程度。同时强调，耕地红线一定要守住，红线包括数量，也包括质量。

　徐洪才认为，中央的态度十分明确，耕地的红线是不能触碰的，腾挪的空间要通过土地集约化来实现，在总量控制的前提下，着力提高城镇建设用地利用效率。换句话说，未来城镇化的过程，一定是土地集约化的过程。(2013年12月15日《人民日报》)　“三农”工作：牢牢抓住 紧紧抓好　历数中央农村工作思路的“一二三四五六”　中央农村工作会议12月23日至24日在北京举行。人民财经通过梳理会议公报内容，历数中央农村工作思路的“一二三四五六”。

　把握一个重要原则　本次会议指出，坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重，坚持工业反哺农业、城市支持农村和多予少取放活方针，不断加大强农惠农富农政策力度，始终把“三农”工作牢牢抓住、紧紧抓好。

　强调两个安全　本次会议强调了“粮食安全”与“食品安全”的重要性。会议指出，我国是个人口众多的大国，解决好吃饭问题始终是治国理政的头等大事。要坚持以我为主，立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略。中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手上。我们的饭碗应该主要装中国粮，一个国家只有立足粮食基本自给，才能掌握粮食安全主动权，进而才能掌控经济社会发展这个大局。耕地红线要严防死守，18亿亩耕地红线仍然必须坚守，同时现有耕地面积必须保持基本稳定。

　会议强调，要把农产品质量安全作为转变农业发展方式、加快现代农业建设的关键环节，用最严谨的标准、最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责，确保广大人民群众“舌尖上的安全”。食品安全，首先是“产”出来的，要把住生产环境安全关，治地治水，净化农产品产地环境，切断污染物进入农田的链条，对受污染严重的耕地、水等，要划定食用农产品生产禁止区域，进行集中修复，控肥、控药、控添加剂，严格管制乱用、滥用农业投入品。食品安全，也是“管”出来的，要形成覆盖从田间到餐桌全过程的监管制度，建立更为严格的食品安全监管责任制和责任追究制度，使权力和责任紧密挂钩，抓紧建立健全农产品质量和食品安全追溯体系，尽快建立全国统一的农产品和食品安全信息追溯平台，严厉打击食品安全犯罪，要下猛药、出重拳、绝不姑息，充分发挥群众监督、舆论监督的重要作用。要大力培育食品品牌，用品牌保证人们对产品质量的信心。

　解决城镇化过程中的三个1亿　会议指出，要积极稳妥扎实推进城镇化，到2020年，要解决约1亿进城常住的农业转移人口落户城镇、约1亿人口的城镇棚户区和城中村改造、约1亿人口在中西部地区的城镇化，推动新型城镇化要与农业现代化相辅相成，突出特色推进新农村建设，努力让广大农民群众过上更好的日子。

　加强农村社会管理的四个重视　关于加强农村社会管理，会议指出：　要重视农村“三留守”问题，搞好农村民生保障和改善工作，健全农村留守儿童、留守妇女、留守老年人关爱服务体系，坚持不懈推进扶贫开发，实行精准扶贫。

　要重视空心村问题，推进农村人居环境整治，继续推进社会主义新农村建设，为农民建设幸福家园和美丽乡村。

　要重视化解农村社会矛盾，确保农村社会稳定有序，及时反映和协调农民各方面利益诉求，处理好政府和群众利益关系，从源头上预防减少社会矛盾。

　要重视农村基层党组织建设，加快完善乡村治理机制，扩大农村党组织和党的工作覆盖面，加大培养青年党员力度，提高基层党组织为群众服务意识，夯实党在农村的执政基础。完善农村基层干部选拔任用制度，扩大农村基层民主、保证农民直接行使民主权利。

　五大农业经营主体　会议强调，关于“谁来种地”的问题，核心是要解决好人的问题，通过富裕农民、提高农民、扶持农民，让农业经营有效益，让农业成为有奔头的产业，让农民成为体面的职业，让农村成为安居乐业的美丽家园。要提高种地集约经营、规模经营、社会化服务水平，增加农民务农收入，鼓励发展、大力扶持家庭农场、专业大户、农民合作社、产业化龙头企业等新型主体，与此同时也要继续重视普通农户的生产发展。

　保障农民土地承包六项权利　会议指出，坚持农村土地农民集体所有，这是坚持农村基本经营制度的“魂”。坚持家庭经营基础性地位，农村集体土地应该由作为集体经济组织成员的农民家庭承包，其他任何主体都不能取代农民家庭的土地承包地位，不论承包经营权如何流转，集体土地承包权都属于农民家庭。坚持稳定土地承包关系，依法保障农民对承包地占有、使用、收益、流转及承包经营权抵押、担保权利。(摘自人民网财经频道)　小康不小康 关键看老乡　——透视中央农村工作会议新信息　中央农村工作会议研究了全面深化农村改革、加快农业现代化步伐的重要政策，部署了2014年和今后一个时期的农业农村工作。

　补上全面建成小康社会的短板　小康不小康，关键看老乡。会议指出，一定要看到，农业还是“四化同步”的短腿，农村还是全面建成小康社会的短板。

　国务院发展研究中心研究员程国强表示，此次会议明确提出农业要强、农村要美、农民要富，这是在三中全会关于改革总体部署下，对深化农村改革提出了更高要求。提出的问题更实际，部署更加系统。

　专家们认为，当前，农业农村经济发展面临的新老矛盾依然突出：增加主要农产品产量与农业资源利用强度大的矛盾、农业生产成本上升与比较效益下降的矛盾、农民工市民化进程加快与农业劳动力结构短缺的矛盾等更加凸显，广辟农民增收渠道也是当前的一个难点。

　“三农”工作依然任务艰巨。会议强调，必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。程国强指出，今后要以农业强保障国家粮食安全，以农民富、加快农村小康为核心目标，补齐“四化同步”中的农业短腿，走出一条中国特色新型农业现代化道路。

　端牢中国人的饭碗　我国是个人口众多的大国，解决好吃饭问题始终是治国理政的头等大事。这次会议强调，中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手上，我们的饭碗应该主要装中国粮。

　保障国家粮食安全是一个永恒课题，任何时候这根弦都不能松。会议提出了坚持以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略。要确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全。

　中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所所长秦富说，粮食安全是重中之重。一个国家只有立足粮食基本自给，才能掌握粮食安全主动权，进而才能掌控经济社会发展这个大局。

　会议还提出，善于用好两个市场、两种资源，适当增加进口和加快农业走出去步伐，把握好进口规模和节奏。对此，程国强认为，目前到了重塑粮食安全战略边界的新阶段，应抓紧建立基于全球视野的国家粮食安全战略保障机制，突出重点，有保有放。

　坚持农村土地农民集体所有　坚持党的农村政策，首要的就是坚持农村基本经营制度。会议提出，坚持农村土地农民集体所有，这是坚持农村基本经营制度的“魂”。不论承包经营权如何流转，集体土地承包权都属于农民家庭。

　中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院副院长郑风田说，坚持和完善农村基本经营制度，核心是解决发展和稳定问题，维护农民的利益。一些农民进城后工作不稳定，没有社保，如果承包权丧失了，会影响国家和社会稳定。未来一二十年家庭经营依然是主流，确保农户的承包权保护了农民利益。

　随着农村分工分业发展和大量农民进城务工，相当一部分承包土地的农户不再种地。面对这种新情况，会议指出，要加快构建以农户家庭经营为基础、合作与联合为纽带、社会化服务为支撑的立体式复合型现代农业经营体系。

　中国社会科学院农村发展研究所研究员李国祥表示，新型农业经营体系的构建为现代农业发展确定了重要基础，对于确保粮食安全、农产品有效供给、改善农业比较效益低的现状意义重大。同时，土地流转在农村非常活跃，不能不顾当地经济社会发展条件，盲目通过行政力量推动，而是要与实际情况相适应。

　确保“舌尖上的安全”　会议鲜明提出，用最严谨的标准、最严格的监管、最严厉的处罚、最严肃的问责，确保广大人民群众“舌尖上的安全”。

　食品安全，首先是“产”出来的，也是“管”出来的。李国祥说，随着生产能力提高，数量已经不成问题。难在质量，回应百姓需求、解决社会性问题，政府要采取有效措施。要治理农业生产源头，实行标准化生产，严禁滥用农药化肥等投入品。

　秦富认为，今后，从田间到餐桌，从源头到生产加工、流通等环节，整个产业链要有严格的安全生产规范，要更加完整、系统、安全，实现全覆盖。

　让农业成为有奔头的产业　农业农村社会发展，关键在人。会议提出了要通过富裕农民、提高农民、扶持农民等一系列措施，让农业经营有效益，让农业成为有奔头的产业。

　专家们认为，解决好这个问题对我国农业农村发展和整个经济社会发展影响深远。郑风田说，现在农村老龄女性是种地主力，平均年龄50岁以上，以后这些人干不动了怎么办?必须向农业新型主体流转。因此要通过规模经营解决效益问题。

　“一家种几亩地，留不住农业人才。要规模化经营才能让农业有奔头、才能让农民成为体面职业。规模化跟工业化、城镇化相关，随着人员转移，一些人不愿意再从事农业，可以通过流转方式把土地租给新型农业生产经营主体，获得租金。”郑风田说。

　中国农业大学经济管理学院教授韩一军说，将来从事农业生产的主力军就是家庭农场、专业大户、农民合作社、产业化龙头企业等新型主体。目前这4种类型的新型主体仍处于初步培育阶段。国家要加强培训、提供政策支持，通过新型主体发展适度规模经营。

　农村不能成为留守的农村　会议在提出到2020年解决约1亿进城常住的农业转移人口落户城镇、约1亿人口的城镇棚户区和城中村改造、约1亿人口在中西部地区的城镇化目标的同时，也指出推动新型城镇化要与农业现代化相辅相成，突出特色推进新农村建设，努力让广大农民群众过上更好的日子。

　据李国祥等人开展的社会调查，当前一些农村在社会管理方面很多时候无能为力，一些社会问题没人管，如农村“三留守”、社会保障、公共服务等，有的地方仍是空白。村委会、村民自治组织的社会管理工作仍要加强，这对促进城乡公共服务均等化具有重要意义。

　会议提出，要重视农村“三留守”和空心村问题，健全农村留守儿童、留守妇女、留守老年人关爱服务体系。专家们表示，这些有利举措针对性强，贴近民心，必将有助于建设幸福家园和美丽乡村。

　李国祥说，一个村子搞得好不好，关键就看有没有联络人、带头人，党组织的力量要强。对于经济不太好的村子，如何加强领导能力，带动农民致富，做好社会服务，为农民排忧解难，归根到底要靠党委和自治组织发挥作用。(摘自新华网)Writing parallel sentences highlightsWriting parallel sentences highlightsPolitical classI go to enhance the consciousness of active, dynamic, firmness.I go to enhance the strong political identity, identity theory, emotion recognition.The implementation, maintenance support, development of the overwhelming majority of the people all the benefits.That really makes people enjoy people more real, more fully, more extensive human rights.The advance of political consultation, democratic supervision, participation in politics and political system construction.The advancement of social democracy political system, standardize standardization of procedures.The implementation of self-management, self-service, self education, self supervision.- establish socialist democracy and the rule of law, freedom, peace, justice and equality.The efforts to solve the people most concerned about, the most direct benefit directly, most practical problems.That should enhance the consciousness of political power, the overall situation consciousness, suffering consciousness and sense of responsibility.The development for the people, development depends on the people, the fruits of development are shared by the people.The optimization of public resource allocation, innovation of public service system, improve the quality of public services.That respect the principal position of the people, give full play to people's initiative, the security of the people's rights.In. Is the mind clear, ready, moving up strong and productive.The leading cadres of the party should strengthen the party consciousness, consciousness of party spirit, conduct, and for example.The maintenance of the party and the party's ruling position, to safeguard national security, safeguard the people's rights and interests.I go to the urban and rural communities become orderly management, perfect service, civilization and social life of the community.The construction of a reliable political, business proficiency, honest and efficient, high-quality cadres masses satisfied.The implementation of the central on the promotion of the party's seventeen seven spirit into the classroom, teaching materials, into the minds of the students.With the strengthen self construction of the CPPCC, play a coordinating relationship, gathering strength, policy suggestions, the important role of serving the overall situation.The economy must conform to the socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, the construction of the new social situation, new requirements and new expectations of the people.The China characteristic socialism is the national prosperity, national rejuvenation, the people's fundamental guarantee to happiness, is the history will be inevitable, realistic choice and direction in the future.I go to Chinese characteristics of social socialism as the great banner, to hold, as the correct way to insist, as a scientific theory to use the same as the common ideal pursuit.I go along with the reform of economic system, social structure, profound changes in the pattern of interests profound adjustment adjustment, profound changes in ideas, social contradictions into prone, multiple period.I go to extraordinary will happy to drive, very strong measures to work efficiency, extraordinary, fulfill the Chinese characteristics socialist builders, defenders of the sacred holy mission.I go to take practical action to defend the defending party leadership, defend the socialist regime, defend the socialist system Chinese characteristics, great achievements of reform and development to defend the stability, to defend the fundamental interests of the people.That this kind of big department system is conducive to straighten out the relationship, optimize the structure, improve efficiency, the formation of integrated, consistent with responsibilities, reasonable division of work, scientific decision-making, implementation of smooth smooth, powerful supervision system of administrative management system.I go to love the motherland proud, ashamed to harm the motherland; to serve the people's pride, shame betray the people;; uphold science, with no ignorance of ignorance shame; proud of the hard work, to shame to love leisure and hate Labour Solidarity and mutual assistance; proud, ashamed to advantage;; be honest and trustworthy, to see the forget Wangyi ashamed; law-abiding proud, ashamed to lawlessness; hard to fight for glory, ashamed to extravagance and dissipation.The party's fine style of promoting stylewith folk.The adherence to democracy, openness, competition, preferred.We understand that, trust and care about the Gulf of Taiwan compatriots.The building up and perfecting the incentive mechanism, care, assistance.I go to do practical things for the masses, the solution is difficult to do good things.The Chinese country will never be selfish, and beggar thy neighbor thing.The glow of self interest, struggle, reform and innovation spirit.The adaptation to scientific governance, democratic governance, to the ruling.The development of inner-party democracy is a lot of levels, multi aspect, multi way.I go to Scientific Outlook on Development in accordance with the requirements of the assessment, evaluation and use of cadres.The advancement of the party building work of the scientific, institutionalized and standardized.The party organizations at all levels to make continuously improve creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity.In international relations, Philip triumphantly democracy, harmony, cooperation and win-win spirit.The socialist democracy political institutionalization, standardization, Cheng Cheng ordered.That adhere to the leadership of the party, the people in power, the rule of law state unity.The ability to follow and focus on performance, people accepted that principle of selection of cadres.The check to prevent and overcome the orders and prohibitions, the phenomenon of each acts in his own way.- this is our party to explore the truth, pioneering results.We will continue to implement the neighbors as good, with neighboring diplomatic policy.- create a peaceful and steady stability, equality and mutual trust, cooperation and win-win environment in the region.I go to the people strive to have real feelings, people have really measures, is really effective. "The comrades of the whole party, especially leading cadres, must uphold the party spirit, re conduct, for example.New ideas, put forward that our party about the party's construction of new ideas, new conclusions.The consolidation and development of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmonious socialist ethnic relations.The play to the coordination of the relationship between power BSFLP forces for convergence, the important role of serving the overall situation.The idea of independence, people want a lot of activity selectivity, variability, the difference is significantly enhanced.The basic theory and adhering to and enriching, the party's basic line, basic program and basic experience,.The clear and guiding ideology to strengthen the ruling ability construction, objectives and tasks and plans.That respect the principal position of the people, play to people's initiative, safeguard the people's interests of the people.That must not be allowed to allow anyone in any name, in any way to separate Taiwan from the motherland.The construction of a unified, disciplined, heroic workers vanguard of the working class.The comprehensive strengthening and improving Party building is the former Kai, the same One principle runs through it all..Only reform and opening up to the development of China, socialist development, the development of the Marx doctrine.The 00 years of our party to arm Party members, with the scientific theory to guide practice, promote the work.Long term, the comrade must fully understand the anti-corruption struggle is complex, arduous.The advance of the construction of the party theory innovation, system innovation, innovation and new method innovation.The proposed knowledge in the realization of cadre team in the premise of revolution under the younger, professional industry.I go to maximize the mobilization of the enthusiasm of product, Party organizations and members at all levels of the initiative and creativity.The overall design thinking of the theory and practice of the construction of the party's prospective, forward-looking, strategic issues.From 1983 - from within the 3 years of the party's ideology, style and organization for an overhaul.- such as how to further open up the case to adapt to the new requirements, learning new knowledge and new skills, exercise.The party put forward clearly the party building is on their own, do not grasp the party building is dereliction of duty, unable to grasp the party building is incompetent.The expansion of socialist democracy, the construction of socialist rule of law governing country, the development of the socialist political civilization.That our party is against publicity masses, organizing the masses, relying on the masses all started from victory to victory.Give full play to the grass-roots party organization, promoting development, serving the people, unite gather people, promote harmony.The promotion of relations between political parties, ethnic relations, religious relations, hierarchical relations, the harmonious relationship between the overseas compatriots.I go for a modern, facing the world, facing the future of socialism China stand in the east of the world.The formalism, bureaucracy issues more prominent, extravagance, negative corruption is still quite serious.In the reform and improve the party's leadership and governance, new progress has been made in the system of leadership system and work.Lenin believes that the democracy within the party, highly focused on the iron discipline is an important foundation to maintain the unity of the party's hold.The 30 year that the construction of the party is in the world situation, the party situation, the big background of major and profound changes in the.That our party has established the symptoms, comprehensive treatment, prevention and punishment and prevention, focusing on prevention of anti-corruption corruption strategy.In the guiding ideology and policy and major principles, the whole Party must maintain a high degree of consistency.The reduced levels of administration, reduce administrative costs, and strive to resolve overlapping responsibilities, cross, each department acting on its own.The China people's appearance, Chinese socialist outlook has undergone historic changes China communist spirit.The enhancement of basic physical theory, study and implement the party's basic line, basic program and basic experience of the consciousness and firmness.The effective resist money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism and erosion of corruption of the body body of the party.- all these, caused by the global economic situation has undergone major changes, not without interest before Princess Bureau and the security pattern.The separate, in party and government decentralization, streamlining mechanism, strengthening the construction of democracy and legal system and adopted some reform measures.The courage to change, innovation, permanent stagnation, never rigid, I become our party's long-term adhere to the governing of the road.That clearly put in real practice especially in difficult environment, the contradiction between the shield, prominent local refining and difficult exercise training of cadres.The building of socialist market economy, socialist democracy, socialist advanced culture, socialist harmonious society.That we will unswervingly implement the principle of "one country two systems", "Hong Kong", "Macao" and a high degree of autonomy for the policy.The reform and opening up is the characteristics of this period is the most vivid, the most remarkable achievement is the rapid development of the times, is a symbol of the most prominent.I go to the construction of anti-corruption and the party's ideological construction, organization construction, style construction, system construction coordinate, constitute the overall arrangement of Party Construction of the party.There is one generation after another to go to Chinese Communist successor, not afraid of sacrifice, hard fighting, forge ahead, to lay the China in today's situation.I go to the party construction work in the history of international comparison, observation, grasp the reality of a wide field of vision, deepen the understanding, improve the level of.The party's grassroots organization undertakes to unite the people, organize the masses, educate the masses, the party's line principles and policies to the important responsibility of basic level.The people of all ethnic groups that consolidate the unity, strengthen the great unity of the Chinese people at home and abroad. China people in promoting the unity with the peoples of the world.The legislation must adhere to the party for the public and governing for the people, to achieve now, to maintain a good development, the overwhelming majority of people as the fundamental interests of the party's nuclear core value.The recovery of our party in everything from the reality, theory with practice, seeking truth from facts, in practice practice testing and developing truth truth ideological line.That we realize modernization of the motherland, complete national unity, safeguard world peace and promote common development of the three major historical tasks: full of confidence.How to strengthen the party construction of the ruling party, consolidate the ruling party's position, to complete the party's mission, Ma Max and Engels put forward many important thoughts.The party hold the ruling position is not innate, but also not permanent, past have not equal to now have, now have not always equal.The seriously solve the existing party organizations and Party members in the ideological confusion, organization Huan do bad work style, outstanding problems such as lax discipline process and achieved significant results.The party in the country at or above the county level leadership guide team, leadership and cadres to carry out to "say study, talk politics, righteousness Qi" party spirit education as the main content.The party organizations at all levels of organization and Party members and cadres to firmly grasp the "one center, two basic points" between interconnected, interdependent, indivisible relationship.The hard to stick with the system steward, all right, tube, establish and improve the decision-making power, executive power and supervision power mutually control the power structure and operation mechanism and coordination with each other.That many of the members of the Communist Party of Buweijianxian, heavy responsibilities, Sheshesheng forget the death, rushed in front of the full show in the new period of the Communist Party of good character and good times style.The Ma Max doctrine only with national conditions combined with the progress of development, with the times, and people's common destiny, can shine strong vitality, creativity and appeal.? This 30 year is the party's theoretical innovation results were more and more party members and the masses of the study, the acceptance, the master, the use of the theoretical results into a huge amount of material power.The changing job functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the structure, improving efficiency, formation, responsibilities consistent, rational division of labor, scientific decision-making, execution for smooth, strong supervision and administrative management system.I go to the party members especially leading cadres strict requirements, strict education, strict management, strict supervision and supervision; in the inner life of party spirit,, in principle, promote righteousness, crooked against wind.The real political rely on reliable, have the ability to work, the style of the wind hard life, people's trust, to good at leading scientific development show outstanding cadres at all levels to leadership positions.The general interests of our Taiwan compatriots were things beneficial to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Strait Taiwan all things, all to promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland do good things, we will try our best to do well.- sincerely listen to their whirring sound, truly reflect the aspirations of the masses, the truth really concerned about the sufferings of the masses, for the masses of all good things, do solid work, do the power used for the people, love the people, and work for the people.I go on one Chinese principle will not waver, and strive for the mediocre unified effort and never give up, to carry out thorough hopes on the Taiwan people policy will never change, opposing secessionist activities will not crack compromise.There is definitely not to explore and answer what is socialism, how to build socialism, building what kind of party, how to build it, and what kind of development, how the development of major theoretical and practical problems.In accordance with the "adhere to the standards, assure quality, improve the structure, Shen retransmission development" policy, conscientiously do a good job in the workers, peasants, intellectuals, exhibition development of Party members and cadres in the army advanced elements of the work.In the basis of chaos dialedrandomly re established Ma Max's ideological line, political line and organizational line, with great political and theoretical courage of scientific evaluation of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong thought.The use China characteristics socialist common ideal cohesion to God the national spirit with patriotism as the core of the reform and innovation as the core of the time spirit inspire morale, lead the fashion with a socialist concept of honor and disgrace.That any one party, regardless of the strength of more powerful, qualified old ruling time long, if conservative, solid step self seal, ossified, lazy, the creativity will failure, vitality will stop.The building of the party has become the party for the public, the executive party, become the scientific ruling, democratic ruling, ruling according to law, and be realistic and pragmatic, pioneering and innovative, diligent, efficient, honest and clean of the ruling party.I go to improve the democratic system, enrich the forms of democracy, expand democratic channels, to carry out democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management, democratic supervision, and safeguard the people's right to know, right to participate, right of expression, the right of supervision.The Deng Xiaoping theory, "Three Represents" important thought and the scientific outlook on development and other major strategic thoughts with mutual cohesion, coalescence, line bearing and advancing with the times, together constitute the China country socialist theoretical system.There is clearly to adhere to the integrity and both focus on performance, recognized by the masses of the people, adhere to the principle of merit, decent for a line of justice, adhere to scientific development, focusing on character, advocating is dry, pay attention to the grassroots, to encourage innovation, recognized by the masses of people oriented.In order to keep the flesh and blood ties betwe