不属于卟啉代谢产物的是 5-氨基乙酰丙酸代谢产物原卟啉IX在葡萄酒色斑动物模型鸡冠中的积聚

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  [摘要]目的:研究5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-Aminolevulinic acid, ALA)在不同给药途径下其代谢产物原卟啉IX (protoporphyrin IX,PpIX)在葡萄酒色斑动物模型鸡冠中的聚集、分布的动态变化,探讨其治疗葡萄酒色斑的可行性。方法:以鸡冠为模型,静脉或局部真皮内注射ALA后,应用多通道光量子分析仪监测代谢产物PpIX的动态变化,组织取材切片后用共聚焦显微镜检测PpIX的分布。结果:在鸡冠组织内,ALA给药后3h PpIX出现明显聚集,分别在给药5h(静脉给药组)和4h(局部给药组)后到达高峰,静脉给药组峰值(94±15)units略高于局部给药组(73±12)units。在身体其它部位的皮肤中,PpIX聚集规律相似,但局部给药组的峰值(38±14)units明显低于静脉组(109±14)units。组织切片荧光检测显示PpIX弥漫性分布于真皮层中。结论:ALA的局部真皮内注射比全身给药用药量小,但能达到同样程度PpIX的积聚,有望成为葡萄酒色斑光动力学治疗的新光敏剂。
  [关键词]5-氨基乙酰丙酸;葡萄酒色斑;原卟啉IX
  [中图分类号]Q813.1 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2009)01-0060-04
  
  Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in chicken comb after 5-aminolevulinic acid administration LI Wei1,ZHOU Zhao-ping1,HASHIMOTO Kenji2
  (1.Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People"s Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200011,China; 2.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan)
  
  Abstract: ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the accumulation kinetics and the localization of endogenously synthesized protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in chicken comb.MethodsThe kinetics of PpIX accumulation after ALA administration through intradermal or intravenous injection was monitored for 24 hours, and the localization of PpIX was observed under confocal microscope.ResultsIn the comb, PpIX accumulation achieved the peak level at 5 and 4 hours after intravenous or intradermal injection of ALA, respectively, and almost completely eliminated within 24 hours. Similar amount of PpIX was observed after local and systemic injection. In the body skin, a similar pattern of PpIX accumulation kinetics was observed, but the PpIX level was much lower in the local injection group. Confocal microscope showed that PpIX distributed evenly in dermis without significant difference between two groups.ConclusionsIntradermal injection of 5-ALA is a safer administration route that could achieve equivalent of PpIX accumulation. It might be applicable to the clinical treatment of port-wine stains.
  Key words: 5-aminolevulinic acid; port-wine stains; protoporphyrin IX
  
  葡萄酒色斑是一种临床常见的先天性血管疾病,其病理特征是真皮内广泛的毛细血管或微静脉扩张,最新分类归为微静脉畸形[1]。脉冲染料激光治疗是目前标准的治疗方法,但仅有20%左右的病例可完全消退[2]。早在20世纪90年代,顾瑛等最先证实光动力疗法是治疗葡萄酒色斑的另一有效手段[3],并在后续的研究中得到了肯定[4]。然而,该治疗中常用的光敏剂,如血卟啉衍生物等,代谢慢,体内残留时间长。为避免药物残留导致的皮肤光毒性反应,患者通常须在治疗后避光一个月,这给病人的日常生活和工作带来极大的不便。
  5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-Aminolevulinic acid, ALA)是血红素合成过程中的原料,本身并不是光敏剂,它在细胞内经酶催化后可转变成光敏剂原卟啉IX (protoporphyrin IX, PpIX),PpIX 经进一步酶催化后转变成血红素。当有大量外源性ALA存在时,可造成PpIX 在细胞内的快速积聚[5],此时如接受适当波长的激光照射,可引起光化学反应而造成细胞损伤。根据这一原理,ALA已被广泛用于浅表型皮肤癌、口腔癌、呼吸道以及消化道管腔肿瘤的光动力学治疗中。研究发现,ALA介导的光动力疗法治除了对肿瘤细胞的直接杀伤作用外,破坏血管内皮细胞以造成肿瘤局部微血管的阻塞是另外一条重要机制[5]。根据这一原理,我们推测它可能也适用于葡萄酒色斑的治疗。因此,本研究开展了ALA在葡萄酒色斑动物模型鸡冠中的药代动力学变化和代谢产物PpIX分布的研究,探讨ALA介导的光动力学作用在葡萄酒色斑治疗中的可行性。鸡冠因其含有丰富的毛细血管网,在组织学结构上与临床葡萄酒色斑非常相似,因而常被用作研究葡萄酒色斑的动物模型。
  
  1材料和方法
  
  1.1 光敏剂:ALA购自日本Cosmos Bio公司,使用前在磷酸缓冲液中溶解,添加氢氧化钠调节pH至5。为保证药物活性,溶液在每次实验前现配。
  1.2 实验动物:取16只成年莱杭母鸡(体重约1.5~2kg/只),肌肉注射氯胺酮(15mg/kg)和塞拉嗪 (0.6mg/kg)麻醉。
  1.3 动态荧光检测:16只鸡均分两组,分别经静脉(200mg/kg)或局部真皮内注射(10mg/cm2/ml)ALA,应用多通道光量子分析仪PMA-10(Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 日本)在24h内定时活体检测组织内代谢产物PpIX的含量。每只动物检测鸡冠的两个不同区域,同时检测远离鸡冠的大腿外侧两个区域,各检测点直径为2.5mm。
  1.4 PpIX组织学分布:给药后5h,取0.5cm2鸡冠组织做冰冻切片,在共聚焦显微镜(MRC600, Nippon Bio-RAD Laboratories,日本)下观察PpIX分布,荧光分析软件计算相关区域荧光强度,以给药前鸡冠组织为正常对照
  1.5 统计学处理:组织内各时间点PpIX的积聚量以(x±s)表示,统计学处理采用student t test分析,P0.05,n=16)。随后PpIX聚集逐渐降低,24h后消退。在远离鸡冠的大腿外侧皮肤(图3),PpIX动态变化规律与鸡冠部位相似,给药后3hPpIX浓度明显升高,静脉给药组在8h到达高峰,局部给药在4h到达高峰组,但局部给药组的峰值(38±14)units显著低于静脉组(109±14)units(P   [5]Kelty CJ,Brown NJ,Reed MW,et al.The use of 5-aminolaevulinic acid as a photosensitiser in photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis[J].Photochem Photobiol Sci,2002,1(3):158-168.
  [6]Smith TK,Choi B,Ramirez-San-Juan JC,et al.Microvascular blood flow dynamics associated with photodynamic therapy, pulsed dye laser irradiation and combined regimens[J].Lasers Surg Med,2006,38(5):532-539.
  [7]Chiu LL,Sun CH,Yeh AT,et al.Photodynamic therapy on keloid fibroblasts in tissue-engineered keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture[J].Lasers Surg Med,2005,37(3):231-244.
  [8]Chang CJ,Sun CH,Liaw LH,et al.In vitro and in vivo photosensitizing capabilities of 5-ALA versus photofrin in vascular endothelial cells[J].Lasers Surg Med,1999,24(3):178-186.
  [9]Evans AV,Robson A,Barlow RJ,et al.Treatment of port wine stains with photodynamic therapy, using pulsed dye laser as a light source,compared with pulsed dye laser alone: a pilot study[J].Lasers Surg Med,2005,36(4):266-269.
  [收稿日期]2008-09-25[修回日期]2008-12-10
  编辑/张惠娟

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