[2019考博英语英汉互译范文汇总]2019考博日期及时间

【导语】愿你像那小小的溪流，将那高高的山峰作为生命的起点，一路跳跃，一路奔腾，勇敢地、勇敢地奔向生活的大海。以下是大范文网为大家整理的《2019考博英语英汉互译范文汇总》供您查阅。

【篇一：经济学里的需求】

经济学里的需求与通常意义上的需求略有不同。例如：不懂经济学的人常常用这个词表示某种产品的需求量。于是，如果价格要下调，人们需要更多该种产品时，那么人们一般会说需求增加。对经济学家来说，需求是一系列价格和此价格所需的一系列相应数量的关系。如果仔细读一下前面的句子，那么需求的数量与需求的差异就应该变得很清楚地了。这一区别常常被混淆，因而，我们都应该意识到并了解二者的区别。

　　In economics, demand implies something slightly different from the common meaning of the term. The layman, for example, often uses the term to mean the amount that is demanded of an item. Thus, if the price were to decrease and individuals wanted more of the item, it is commonly said that demand increases. To an economist, demand is a relationship between a series of prices and a series of corresponding quantities that are demanded at these prices. If one reads the previous sentences carefully, it should become apparent that there is a distinction between the quantity demanded and demand. The distinction is often a point of confusion and we all should be aware of and understand the dirrerence between these two terms.

【篇二：空壳婚姻】

现在人们不知道空壳婚姻的数量— 可能与美满婚姻一样多。空壳婚姻的家庭气氛没有多少乐趣或欢笑声。成员间对各自的麻烦事或经历闭口不谈。交流保持在最低限度。在这样的家庭中，孩子通常都渴望爱。他们不愿让朋友到家里来，因为要是让朋友看到他们的父母吵架，他们会感到难堪。

　　The number of empty-shell is unknown—it may be as high as the number of happily married couples. The atmosphere in empty-shell marriages is without much fun or laugher. Members do not share and discuss their problems or experiences with each other. Communication is kept to minimum. Children in such families are usually starved for love and reluctant to have friends over as they are embarrassed about having their friends see their parents quarreling.

【篇三：未来的轿车】

在 1997 年法兰克福 (Frankfurt) 汽车展览会上，美国汽车制造商克莱斯勒 (Chrysler) 公司引起了世界汽车工业界的注意，该公司预测，未来的轿车可能会采用与现在生产软饮料瓶的塑料相同的材料。悬而未决的问题仍然是汽车制造中用的塑料“注入成型”技术，这种技术在美国本是用于生产“饮料瓶”的。

　　American carmaker Chrysler caught the attention of the world’s automotive industry at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show by predicting that future cars would be made from the same plastic which is now used in soft drink bottles. Questions still hang over the special car-building version of the plastic “injection moulding” technology used to make “pop bottles” in the United States.

【篇四：国际环境组织的保护策略】

一些国际环境组织近年来已改变了它们的保护策略。它们努力拯救整个自然环境，而不是在一段时间内只力图拯救一个物种。许多专家感到在过去的 15 年中，最为成功的是在世界上几乎所有的国家都有了国家动植物保护区和保护公园。这意味着天然的野生生物区将继续供养着许多种相互依存的野生动植物。

　　A number of international environmental organizations have changed their conservation policies in recent years. Instead of attempting to save one species at a time, they are trying to save a complete natural environment. Many experts feel that the greatest successes in the past 15 years have been in creating national protected areas and parks in almost all countries of the world. This means natural wild areas will remain to support many kinds of wildlife that depend on each other.

【篇五：科学和工程学】

科学杰出之处就在于它能创造人为的可控之物，科学和工程学使我们能够建造我们今天得以生活在其中的部分人工化了的环境，在这个环境里充满了无数大桥、卡车、飞机、抗生素和基因变异物种. 我们很有可能建造一个日益更加人为化，也因而渐渐更加可知的未来世界。

　　有两种局限性制约着预测能力的发展。首先，随着科学和工程学所创造的东西越来越大，越来越复杂，这些东西本身很可能变得不可预测。大型软件，随着其自身的扩展和完善，能发展成一个程度的自然物所具有的复杂性，且获得一定能力，来干扰或以不可预测的方式进行活动。第二，在我们的日益人为化的世界里，自然会有大批个性极端复杂性情怪僻完全不可理解的人居于其中。

　　The outstanding feature of science lies in its ability to create artificial, controllable things. Science and engineering has made us able to live in an environment today in which we live partly humanized. In such a world, we can have countless bridges, cars, planes, antibodies and gene mutations. We"ll probably build a more and more artificial and therefore ever-increasingly knowable future world.

　　There exist two constraints which limit the growth of man"s predictability. First of all, with the increase of the size and complexity of the things science has ever devised, things science has ever built up will be becoming more and more unpredictable. The large-sized softwares will be developed into something whose natural substances may have the complexities which some natural characteristics

【篇六：中国的民族文化】

中华民族文化的地缘特征及其衍变趋势

　　中国的民族文化从总体来讲是在一种相对封闭的地理环境中形成的。地缘特征成为组成族群文化差异的最原初的因素，如东夷、南蛮、西戎或北狄之区分。族群成员的迁徙把原居地形成的地缘文化特征带到异地发展。在这一过程中自身文化又发生变异。 这就造成当前有的同一族群文化在不同地区差异很大，也有的同一地区不同族群文化的面貌相对接近的状况。当前得益于改革开放，地区封闭状态正在逐渐被打破，由于市场经济的作用，具有地缘特征的文化产品正在被开发利用，民族文化的地缘特征得到保护和发扬。但同时，空前展现多姿多彩文化内涵的中国民族文化的整体的统一性也正在增强。

　　Geographical Features of the Culture of the Chinese nation and their Evolutionary Trends

　　The culture of the Chinese nation as a whole has been evolved and formed in a comparatively close-up surroundings. It is these geographical features of the Chinese nation that contribute to the primary and essential elements of the cultural varieties of the different ethnic groups in the whole country, such as Dong-Yi, Xi-Rong, Nan-Man and Bei-Di. Migration of the various ethnic minorities have brought the features of their original geographical cultures to their new homesite and at the same time adapted to the new ones of their new homes in turn. This accounts for the remarkable disparities between the cultures of some ethnic groups as well as the seemingly great similarities between some others. At present, the close-up or secluded state of the different areas and regions had been broken up as a result of the implementation of the opening policy. The natural products with outstanding geographical features have been developed as our national treasures and the Geographical Features of the culture of our ethnic minorities have received careful protection and further development. At the same time, the great inseparable integration of the Chinese Culture has been being strengthened with its unprecedented colorful multiplicity of cultural connotation.

【篇七：文化革命】

Italy, the land of Dante, declared war on officialese (官样文章) recently, vowing to simplify the way the state communicates with its citizens.

　　(1) “This is a cultural revolution our relationship with citizens,”Civil Service Minister Franco Frattini told a news conference to unveil a Project to make bureaucratic language understandable. The project called "Chiaro!" (Clear!), aims to rid the language used in bureaucratic texts of complex clauses and confusing terms.

　　(2)While Italians were keeping their fingers crossed it would succeed, Frattini acknowledged it would be an uphill struggle.

　　(3)Many existing government texts would be changed into more simple language but the hardest part would be to teach old dogs new tricks. “It would be useless to translate the documents and not train personnel to stop using ancient, incomprehensible language," he said.

　　(4)Ministries would be encouraged to compete for a "Chiaro!" (Clear!) stamp, which be awarded only to departments and ministries that wrote simply. Professor Alfredo Fioritto, who heads a task of legal experts and linguists. admitted it was going tough. "There are hundreds of years of tradition to today the government speaks like it did in the nineteenth century," he said.

　　(5)"Simplifying language is very difficult. It means you have to know what you are talking about.

　　(1)“这是政府与国民关系的—次文化革命。”这次定名为“奇亚罗!”(明白!)的行动目的是去除公文语言中那些复杂的从句和混乱的术语。

　　(2)意大利人都盼望这次行动能够成功，但弗拉蒂尼承认这会是一场艰苦的斗争。

　　(3)他说： “单是改变文件没什么用，必须培训有关人员，让他们停止使用古老的、无

　　法理解的语言。”

　　(4)政府将鼓励各部门去争夺“奇亚罗’标志，只有那些公文简明的部门才能获得这—荣誉。

　　(5)“简化语言是很困难的事情。这意味着你必须知道自己在说什么

【篇八：电子商务】

In an on demand world, the ability to sense and respond to change in customer needs will be

　　more important than size. Since change will be unpredictable, flexibility will be of the utmost importance. Fixed costs will reduce your flexibility variable costs will increase it.

　　The new business model will require a corresponding on demand operating environment--built on open standards to allow quick, easy and cost-effective innovation and reconfiguration.

　　In the on demand era, processes will have to be integrated from one end to the other so a customer order, for example, creates a ripple effect in which every part of the organization responds appropriately to the impact of the order: logistics, manufacturing and distribution. The level of integration needed to make this happen is a big challenge but a huge opportunity.

　　In this era, you"ll need an e-business partner you can trust, e-business tools that work in new ways and e-business people who understand your business as well as the technology it runs on.

　　A partner, in other words, like IBM

　　在一个迎合需求的世界上，对顾客需求方面的变化保持敏感与做出反应的能力将比需求

　　量大小更重要。 因为变化是难以预料的，灵活性就最为重要。固定的成本将降低你的灵活性，反之，变化的成本将增加这种灵活性。

　　这种新的商业模式要求一种相应的按需求运作的环境，这种环境是建立在考虑到快速、容易、有效利用成本的革新和重组产品类型的开放性标准之上的。

　　在这个迎合需求的时代，程序将需要从头到尾的一体化。因为顾客的订货创造了一种起伏不定的效应，其中组织工作的每一部分：后勤部门、制造部门和销售部门，都要对订货的影响做出适当反应。为此所需要的一体化程度是一种巨大的挑战，但又是一种巨大的商机。

　　在这个时代，你需要一个你能信赖的电子商业伙伴，一套以新方式现在正在发生着转变，这个转变是以电子商务为动力，并受到各种运作的电子商务手段，和一套能够理解你的商业活动和运作人马。

　　换言之，要有一个像 IBM 这样的伙伴。

【篇九：虚拟现实】

Since the hype began in the middle 1980s, virtual reality (VR) has captivated public interest with pictures of people wearing enormous goggles and sensors-laden gloves. The technologies used to immerse people in a computer - generated world will, however, change radically during the coming decade, making the begoggled cybernaut as quaint an image as the undersea explorer in a heavy metal diving helmet. _

　　The important thing about VR is that it does rather than how its effects are achieved: it permits people to behave as if they were somewhere they are not. That place may be a computational fiction or a recreated environment from another place or time. VR transports perceptions by appealing to several senses-- sight, hearing and touch--and by presenting images that respond immediately to one’s movements. The techniques for creating this illusion differ depending on the kind of place being visited and what a user want to do while there. A pilot in a flight simulator, for example, might need hydraulic actuators to simulate banks and forms, whereas a molecular biologist exploring the bonds between molecules might need particularly fine position sensors and mechanisms to simulate the “feel” of interatomic forces.

　　自从本世纪八十年代中期以来，虚拟现实就开始强烈地吸引着公众的兴趣，人们戴着巨大的头盔观望镜和布满感应器的手套。技术曾经使人们沉浸于一个电脑主宰的世界之中; 然而，今后的十几年间，将产生巨大的变化，从而使得戴着头盔观望镜的赛百空间遨游者的形象十分时髦，就象戴着沉重的潜海头盔的海底探险者一样。

　　对虚拟现实而言，重要的是它所产生的什么样的效果，而不是它是如何产生这些效果的。虚拟现实能使人们感到自己好像处于一个他们从未到过的境界之中。这种境界似乎是计算机文艺创作出来的;也可能是从另一时间、空间再创造而成的。虚拟现实通过同时刺激几种感觉，如视觉、听觉、触觉，并通过人对各种运动迅速做出反应的反应，来展示形象的。

【篇十：知识产权】

The world Intellectual Property Organization, or WIPO for short, --was set up according to

　　the treaty signed in Stockholm in 1967. This treaty was put into effect in 1970. China was invited to join the treaty On June 3rd, 1980.

　　The world Intellectual Property Organization is an organization among governments whose headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. It is one of the specialized institutions under the United Nations’ intellectual property system. The headquarters is in charge of improving the protection of the world intellectual properties in the world sphere through the international cooperation.

　　The intellectual properties include two main parts: the industrial properties and the publishing properties.

　　The industrial property protection is mainly concerned with the protection of the inventions in trademarks and designs of industrial products. It also stipulates the prohibition of improper competition. The former three aspects have something in common for their exclusive methods in protecting intellectual properties, such as inventions, trademarks and the product surface outlooks, etc. However, it has nothing to do with the patent rights in prohibiting unfair competition. It is mainly about the prevention of unfair competitions in dishonest business behaviors.

　　The protection of publication properties is usually concerned with that of literary and art works, whose forms may include literature, music, painting, cubic products or their combinations

　　(such as operas and films). Almost all the countries copy rights stipulate the protection of the following types of works: literature, music, fine arts, photographs and film photography.

　　世界知识产权组织—英语简称为“WIPO—The World Intellectual Property Organization”--是根据 1967 年在斯德哥尔摩签订的公约而成立的,该公约于 1970 年生效,中国于 1980 年 6月 3 日加入公约.

　　世界知识产权组织为一政府间组织,总部设在日内瓦,它是联合国世界知识产权组织系统下的许多专门结构之一,它负责通过国际间的合作促进对全世界知识产权的保护.

　　知识产权包括两个主要部分:工业产权和版权. 工业产权主要是对发明﹑商标和工业品外观设计的保护,以及制止不正当竞争.前三项有一些共同点,因为对发明制止不正当竞争﹑商标和工业品外观的设计都是用专属实施权的方式保护的(如专利权). 制止不正当竞争同专属权无关.而是反对违犯诚实经营工商业的竞争行为.版权所涉及的对象通常是“文学艺术作品”. 作品的表现形式可以是文学﹑音乐﹑图画﹑立体作品或其组合物(如歌剧或*).几乎所有国家的版权都规定保护以下类型的作品: 文学﹑音乐﹑艺术﹑摄影以及*摄影等作品。

【篇十一：学会阅读】

It is often a puzzle for most children to learn to read. It is estimated that about 20 % of the Americans who experience barriers to turn the letters on a page into sounds. The recent research in

　　rain image-formation helps to determine the positions where such generation and transformation are done. This is actually a very significant result. It has disclosed the neural basis why some quite clever people may experience difficulty in reading. But it is the second finding of this research that accounts for the common concern. That is the difference between the man and woman with their reading barrier.

　　The chief scientist of this research is the pediatrician Sari Schultz and her husband, the neurologist Bennett. Their research interest does not lie in the sex difference in reading. Rather, it aims at showing what parts of human brain are most active in language transfer through measuring the minor change of the blood flow in the brain by means of the most advanced image-formation technology- nuclear magnetic resonance to reflect the image-formation process in human brain. But Sari Schultz said that it would be more accurate to adopt nuclear magnetic resonance. This is how they have finally defined the position of sound processing in human brain, or the sex difference in sound transformation in reading.

　　对于多数儿童来说，学会阅读是学习实践中的一个难题。估计有 20%的美国人在把书页上的字母转换成声音时经常出现障碍。最近大脑成像方面的研究确定这种貌似神奇般的转换发生的部位。这是个非常重要的结果：第一步就是解开了为什么一些相当聪明而在阅读方面有困难的人们的神经基础。但引起关注的热点是这项研究的第二项成果，也就是女人在阅读方面发生的障碍与男人不同。

　　这项研究的主持者儿科专家萨利. 舍维茨和她的丈夫，神经学家贝内特。 舍维茨研究的不是男女的性别差异, 他们研究采用了现有最先进的反映大脑成像技术 实用磁共振成像，像其它反映大脑成像技术一样，通过测试血流的微小变化来显示大脑的哪些部分最活跃。但是， 萨利. 舍维茨说实用磁共振成像技术比其它技术更精确，这也就是他们如何终于发现了在音位处理，或者说读音转换方向的性别差异。

【篇十二：现代世界】

One of the biggest mysteries in human history of the modern world in which we live is the

　　unique integration of many elements of China and the West. It is highly probable that over the half of the dominant inventions and discoveries have their origin from China, which is hardly known to the outside world.

　　Why didn"t we Chinese realize such an important truth? The main reason is that the declining and corruption of China in recent 100 years since the Opium War deface the Chinese people and make them lose their self-respect, thus failing to see this point. If the inventors and discoverers didn"t persist in their own rights for originality and even lost the memory of such rights, why would the successors of these inventions and discoveries like to worry about returning such rights to the real originators? So it is a real problem that the westerners are still reluctant to admit this fact until now. It would be comfortable to lie on the glory of the laurel to credit themselves with the claim that they attained such a height in science independently without any help of others.

　　人类历鲜为人知的奥秘之一就是我们居于其中的现代世界是中国和西方多种成分的独特综合。很可能现代世界所赖以建立的一半以上的主要的发明和发现都是来源于中国。而这是鲜为人知的。

　　为什么我们中国人没有认识到这种巨大的真理呢?主要的原因是中国自鸦片战争一百多年来中国的衰败使中国人失去了自尊感，因而看不到这一点。如果这些发现发明的创始人自己就不再坚持自己的首创权利了，甚至他们自己对这些创造的记忆都淡薄了，为什么他们的继承者还要煞费苦心地把这些失去的首创权利物归原主呢?直到现在还要很多西方人是否原意知道事实*依然是个问题。自我满足于认为是西方人自己孤立无助地达到了他们今天的地位，总比把这些发明创造的功劳归于别人更舒服些。

【篇十三：虚度年华】

It would be more regretful to idle your life out than you die young or die old. It is quite

　　possible that a person who die at his eighteenth would live more fruitfully than a person who die at eighty. We do believe that it would be better for him to pass each passing day worthfully than to accumulate lots of valuable experience regardless of the consequences. That is to say, he should try to pass each day of his life as if it would be the only day in his life. It means that he should try his best to cope with all the depressions and pains in his life peacefully and forcefully. He should try his utmost to find means to get access to life and increase and keep the interest and value of life.

　　不论是英年早逝, 还是老年故去,都没有比虚度年华更令人遗憾。一个人活了十八岁可能比另一个人活了八十年活得更加充实。对于生活，我们认为并不是要去不顾一切地积累大量的他以为是有价值的经验，而是应该过好每天的时光。也就是说，他总是把每一天当作似乎那是他生命中的一天来过。这意思是说，人应当要寻求平和感和力量感去对付生活中的失意和痛苦。提示坚持不懈地努力去发现能更接近生活的办法，增加并维持生活的乐趣和价值。

【篇十四：赛百空间】

What is cyberspace? By Barlow" s definition, just about everybody has already been to

　　cyberspace. “It"s marked by the feeling that the person you" re talking to is in the same room. Most people take the spatial dimension of a phone conversation for granted until they get a really bad connection or a glitchy conversation call. Then they start raising their voice, as if by sheer volume they could propel it to the outer reaches of cyberspace.

　　Cyberspace, of course, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems via the telephone system to commercial online services, as well as the millions more with high - speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low - flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees connecting folks too far - flung or too much on the go to be fastened by wires. Someday even our television sets may he part of cyberspace, transformed into interactive teleputers" by so- called full- service networks like the ones several cable - TV companies are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics arid high speed switches.

　　什么是赛百空间?按约翰·帕利·巴洛的说法，赛百空间可以最言简意赅地定义为“你利用电 话进行交谈时所处的空间”。 当然, 赛百空间之所云比打电 话更广泛。它包括数以百万计的计算机用调制解调器通过电 话系统相连形成的联网商业服务系统， 它接入当地高速信息网络、办公电子邮件和国际互联网之中。它包括发展迅速的无线服务系统：负责大量的手机信号与数据传输的微波发射塔;连珠似的运行于地球同步轨道上的通讯卫星;像怒蜂一样穿梭往返于地球与太空之间的低空卫星，它们把用线路联络显得太远或花费太多的人们联原来的电缆线，利用光缆和高速转换器建成的那种所谓的全方位服务网络那样。

【篇十五：爱因斯坦因】

Einstein was awarded Nobel Prize of Physics for his Photon theory. Actually his contribution

　　to the theory of Relativity is far more important than his Photon theory. Nevertheless, the Nobel Prize Nominating Committee took a very prudent attitude to the radical theory of relativity. In fact, Nobel Prize has never been awarded so far to the founders of the theory of relativity.

　　What motivated Einstein and his successors most is neither wealth nor fame, nor any other lofty goals, but the pure curiosity in science and aesthetics of science.

　　爱因斯坦因他的光子理论而获得诺贝尔物理学奖, 其实爱因斯坦因在相对论方面的贡献远远比他在光子理论的贡献重要得多。但是诺贝尔评奖委员会对激进的相对论持谨慎的态度。事实上迄今诺贝尔奖从未为相对论创立者颁发过。

　　引导爱因斯坦以及他以后的科学家生涯的动机，不是财富，不是名声，业不是别的甚麽更高的目标，他们的主要动机是对科学的好奇心和科学的美学。