2021新高考英语重难热点专练04语法填空-学生版

　点 热点 03 语法填空 语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。这种题型能全面检测大家在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用才能，能更科学地反应同学们的英语综合程度。

　本题型分两种情形：

　一种为已给单词提示； 一种为不给单词提示。

　一、已给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题可以考查大家对单词形式变化的掌握水平。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要应用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

　技巧一：名词形式变化。

　名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

　例：

　There are many students living at school，the______(child) houses are all far from schoo1． 由 students 一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为 houses 的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为 child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格 children"s。

　技巧二：动词形式变化。

　动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、从前分词)。

　例：

　A talk_______(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang. 句中的 is written 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从 tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“未来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是 give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用 give 的不定式被动式——to be given。

　技巧三：代词形式变化。

　代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如 no one／none、other／another 等。

　例：

　The king decided to see the painter by__________(he). 由介词 by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词 himself。

　技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。

　英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高等的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一 er 和．est，或在词前 Imore／less 和 most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以 the。

　例：

　I am________(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class． 此题后句交代了 LiuWen 是班上最高的学生，那“我”确定比他矮，所以不能用 taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

　技巧五：数词形式变化。

　数词的形式变化包含基数词、序数词，或加后缀一 teen、ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及 one／two 的特殊变化形式 once／twice。

　例：

　To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a _________(three). 从上下文持续起来懂得，这是一个分马的方案，大儿子分得 a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才干命中目标。

　技巧六：词的派生。

　词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要产生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

　例：

　Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)． 在这道题中，学生很轻易断定出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀 un，就成了 unhappy。

　二、未给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题难度较大，但也是有办法应付的。

　技巧七：固定短语构造。

　根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“熟视无睹”才能命中答案。

　例 1：

　The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy. 从句中的 happy 可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用 enjoy oneself 短语，故其答案为 themselves。

　例 2：

　His boss was____angry as to fire him． 如果“跳过”横线后面的 angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语 so...as to...，所以，so 是正解。

　技巧八：从句引导词。

　从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测大家对引导词的掌握程度。

　例 1：

　He did not done_____his father had asked him to do． 审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是 what。

　例 2：

　Those_____want to go to the village must sign here． 经过察看可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步视察可知先行词为 those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。

　技巧九：短语动词结构。

　短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

　例 1：

　The us consists____fifty states． 根据常识可知，美国由 50 个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表现“由......组成”，所以答案是 of。

　例 2：

　Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her． 生病需要人照顾，所以答案是 care，与前后词构成 take care of。

　技巧十：短语介词结构。

　短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to 等。

　例 Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train. 此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为 instead，以构成介词短语 instead of。

　技巧十一：连词、关系短语结构。

　常用的连词有 and，or，but，so，for，while 等，常用的关联短语有 both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。

　例 1：

　Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor． 此处表示原因，引导的分句实在是一种说明解释，不是必定的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填 for。

　例 2：

　____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre． 横线处的词与后面可以形成 both?and，故答案为 Both。

　技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。

　冠词只能是在 a，an，the 之间判定；常用的介词有 in，at，on，before，during 等，通常考核固定搭配；副词的量仍是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much 等。

　例 1：

　Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed． 这里考查的是不定冠词的习习用法，答案为 a，构成 at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

　例 2：

　Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon． Saturday afternoon 是指定的某天下午，所以不必介词 in，而用 on 才是正解。

　例 3：

　Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen. 第一条横线可由前面的 the same 断出用 as，第二条横线则可由 lower 断出比较意义，故答案为 than。

　例 4：

　It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him． 观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，消除 but，所以答案是 however。

　技巧十三：上下文中呈现的相关词。

　这一招是最为灵巧的，但也是最难的。学生能够依据上下文关联和本人积聚的知识，填入某个已涌现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

　答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的处所——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；假如横线出现在某段的

　末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推 例：

　Tony____(like) travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV． 由第二句话中的 dislikes 可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词 likes。

　《真题再现》

　现 真题再现 1 【【2020· 山东 卷】

　Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37． until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39． opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41． (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42． (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45．people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 现 真题再现 2 【【2020· 海南 卷】

　These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____36____（begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____37____（education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____38____（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____39____（profession）

　The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____41____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems,

　____42____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume. 现 真题再现 3 【【2020· 浙江卷】

　Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57． could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person 58． hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change)lives. By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the 62． (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with 64． rise of science，changes began. New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 《精选最新试题模拟训练》篇 （定时训练，建议每篇 6 到 到 7 分钟）

　练 模拟演练 1 【2021 届山东师范大学附属中学高三第一次模拟】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Hip hop is getting its very own museum in its birthplace in New York State. The Bronx, the permanent home of the Universal Hip Hop Museum, set to open in 2023, is56． (celebrate) the history of hip hop, which was created by57． (Africa)Americans, Latino Americans and Caribbean Americans. Rocky Bucano is the museum"s director. He noted that until now there hasn"t been a physical place that is devoted to 58． (preserve) hip hop history and culture. He said that the museum started as 59．idea about eight years ago when some hip hop singers hoped the stories of hip hop could be 60． (accurate) told and passed down. When the museum 61． ( finish) , the 5, 570-square-meter space will have interactive (互动的)exhibits, live

　shows, film screenings and conferences. One room will have a high-tech console(控制 台 ) 62．interactive characteristic will take visitors on a hip hop history trip based on their reactions63．different characters in a game. The exhibits will include hip pop64． ( music)Kurtis Blow"s original beatbox machine, and the first and second rap65． ( record)ever released. 模拟演练 2 2 【山东省潍坊市五县市 2021 届高三 10 月联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　I am Chuck Leavell, musician, forester, and conservationist from Georgia. I was also co-founder of the website Mother Nature Network, which 56． (integrate) into Treehugger the other day. I am very excited and pleased to announce that I am now57．(official) a team member of Treehugger as editor-at-large and 58． ambassador for our Treehugger Family! My interest in the environment goes back decades. In 1981, my wife, Rose Lane Leavell, and I inherited (继承)around a thousand acres from Rose"s grandmother59． (know) that it was family land that we wanted to keep -- but not knowing exactly 60． to do with it -- we researched options and decided to grow trees for long-term

　61．(sustain) forestry. We studied books on forestry, attended various 62． (course) to learn as much as we could about the subject. Since then, we have planted more trees. Whether on our own land or in the world at large, I never stop advocating for the environment - that is why I"m so happy to be here. As I begin my role, I look forward to 63． (contribute) to Treehugger in many ways. I 64． (be) a fan of Treehugger all this time, and I consider this a very special opportunity. So, please keep focus on as I join this outstanding and talented group of writers, researchers, and folks who have a passion 65． environmental subject matter and for finding ways and doing things to improve our planet! 练 模拟演练 3 【山东省济南外国语学校 2020 届高三 10 月质量检测】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Countries around the globe36．(be)spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space37．(mission). Some people argue we should stop 38．(waste)time and money exploring space. However, others feel this is39．shallow view which fails to realize how exploring space helps us. Firstly, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts40．(grow) enough food to feed Earth"s increasing population. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements41．benefit us all. Today, space technologies are42．(wide) used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products. Finally, sending astronauts

　into space has helped people to think about the world"s problems and even to find ways to solve43．(they).In closing, exploring space44．(provide) the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions45．people"s short-term and long-term problems. 练 模拟演练 4 【山东省枣庄市第三中学 2021 届高三上学期第一次月考（9 月）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Tang Tianyuan from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region was viewed as a lucky dog, for he succeeded 36． building a business based on a passion. Tang, 37． majored in ceramics (制陶艺术)and decorative sculpture design at college, set up a workshop after his studies to make Ningxi pottery, which is considered one of the top four 38． (variety) of pottery in China. 39． (initial), the pottery business was hard, as he had to make pottery himself while also 40． (take) care of management and sales. But the past five years of efforts have earned him many more orders, 41． (compare) to none at the very beginning. Up to now,42．28-year-old has been engaged in making Ningxi pottery for five years, and the most impressive thing for Tang is the happiness he 43． (achieve). He said that 44．was worthwhile starting a business based on his own interest that could support himself as well as gain public 45． (recognize). 练 模拟演练 5 【2021 届山东湖北部分重点中学高三新起点摸底联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　You may often see young people in Asian countries wear their masks in public. What makes them do so?

　Asians often wear face masks to prevent one’s own germs or sickness from spreading in public places. In many Asian countries, people value collectivism,

　56． means they will try their best to make a 57．(contribute) to their group. Amid the novel coronavirus outbreak, Asians will wear masks to prevent both 58．(they) and others from being infected which will ultimately benefit the whole group.

　Apart from physical protection, masks59．(evolve) into social firewalls among young people in Asian countries already as well.

　Young people are more concerned about their privacy than their parents and grandparents. In public such as on a crowded subway, 60． (hide) their faces with masks can sometimes help them gain some privacy. For some young girls, wearing masks can give them confidence and 61． sense of security when they don’t have enough time to do

　makeup.

　62．this reason, wearing masks has become a fashion trend among young people. They wear them, along with audio headsets, to signal a lack of desire 63． (communicate) with those around them, according to Quartz.

　Not only 64． (use) to prevent the spread of disease, masks have indeed made their way into the mainstream and are here to stay in Asian 65． (country). 练 模拟演练 6 【山东省决胜新高考名校交流 2021 届高三 9 月联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　When Zhang Lingshan was a child, she would watch the Chinese period drama Palace on television, attracted by the characters" ancient clothing. She didn"t know what these beautiful clothes 36． (call)-only that they were from some 37． (distance) past. "They looked fairy-like, dreamy," she said. "I was completely drawn by the beauty of these clothes, and then 38． (eventual) came to understand the culture of Hanfu, and I liked it more and more." Now aged nineteen 39． living in Beijing, Zhang is a member of China"s growing "hanfu movement"-a renaissance(复兴)of the ancient clothing traditionally worn by ethnic-majority Han Chinese before 40． Qing dynasty. Tight-knit Hanfu communities and university clubs often meet up for themed 41． (activity). Zhang and her friends sometimes visit places with ancient architecture, like Beijing"s Forbidden City, 42． emperors once lived, to take photos in costume and post them on social media. Nowadays, Hanfu is seen as a way 43． (celebrate) Chinese culture and improve national self-esteem. In the past few years, Hanfu clubs and social media platforms 44． (help) bring the Han clothing hack under the spotlight. "It"s the confidence of the younger people, the confidence of the country," said Christine Tsui, a fashion columnist and researcher 45． (base) in Shanghai. 练 模拟演练 7 【2020·浙江海曙·效实中学高三月考】

　The United States has a wide 11． (various) of institutions that provide higher education. There are so many options that it can be difficult for international students 12． (understand) the different choices. One of the more common questions 13． (ask) by international students is: What is the difference between a public and a private university? A public university 14． (fund) by the public through the government of that state, while a private university is not. The most obvious difference is the price. Public universities are 15． (expensive) than private universities. Private universities can cost well over $100,000 for a four-year degree. But compared to public universities, private

　universities tend to be more geographically “diverse”, 16． (draw) students from many different states as well as other countries because the tuition is 17． same price for students regardless of whether or not they live in the state 18． the university is located. There are many 19． (high) reputable private and public universities throughout America. According to US News Best Colleges rankings, the first 19 institutions ape private universities. That does not mean that there aren’t reputable public universities in the USA．Thus, don"t focus only 20． the rankings.

　练 模拟演练 8 （2020·重庆高三开学考试）

　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Kobe Bryant passed away in a helicopter crash five months ago. His fans were so heartbroken that they held various31．(activity) to honor him. Someone ""updated"" the superstar"s social media 32． April 1 to promote his sports fantasy novel, The Wizenard Series: Season One, to his fans around 33． globe. The novel revolves (围绕) around basketball team, the West Bottom Badgers, and an incredible coach Rolabi, who 34．(base) on Phil Jackson, the former coach of the Los Angeles Lakers. ""The book stems from (源于) my goal of bringing joy back to youth sports, while 35．(teach) important life lessons."" Bryant said in an interview before his death. Apart from referring to his 36．(person) basketball experiences, he also draws from the more basic and psychological truths in sports: teamwork, training, perseverance and mental toughness. While the announcement may not have come 37．(direct) from Bryant, many fans are hoping that the fantastic novel 38．(continue) his legacy. For many others, 39．, it was Bryant"s mentality that made him legendary (传奇的). 40．(know) as the ""Black Mamba"" for his passion, persistence, and fearlessness, Bryant will live on through the achievements he impressed upon the world. 练 模拟演练 9 （2020·五华·云南师大附中高三月考）

　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London. Its sound so well known 71． it has often been used in films. The Clock tower was completed in 1859 and the Great Clock started on 31 May，with the Great Bell’s strikes 72．

　(hear) for the first time on 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009, during 73． celebratory events took place. The tower has become one of the most outstanding 74． (symbol) of both London and England.

　The Clock Tower you see today is not the first tower to be built in Parliament’s ground. The 75． (origin) tower was built in 1288- 1290 during the reign of King Edward I. Unfortunately 76． big fire destroyed most of the Palace of Westminster. Architects 77． ( invite) to submit their designs and Sir Charles Barry’s was successful. Reconstruction of the Clock Tower began in September 1843.78． was designed in the Victorian Gothic style. With time passing by, the top of the clock tower is leaning one-and-a-half fee off a level positionand 79． (get) worse each year now, partly as a result 80． decades of underground excavation. 练 模拟演练 10 （2020·天水市第一中学月考）

　It has been widely accepted that dinosaurs died out because of11．unexpected incident.But wildlife today12．(disappear) or is in danger just because humans do harm to it.For example,tigers are hunted for fur to make carpets; grassland13．(destroy) without mercy(怜悯) so that a lot of animals can only live in secure reserves. Last year, scientists saw some monkeys making use of a certain kind of insects to protect themselves14．fierce mosquitoes.After a careful study, scientists found that the insects contain a15．(power)drug.Then local farmers were employed16．(catch) the insects to make medicine.The result was17． the insects disappeared from the whole area.When the farmers were told that it was a loss to humans they burst into laughter and responded,“ The real loss is18．(we) decreasing income.” We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the19．(important) of wildlife protection.Not until we succeed in20．(let) wildlife live in peace, can we smile in relief. 练 模拟演练 11 （2020·四川省成都市新都一中月考）

　A Chinese COVID-19 vaccine（疫苗）has received 31．(approve) for phase-3 clinical trials（临床试验）in Argentina on Friday, 21 Aug, according to the vaccine 32．(develop) China National Biotec Group (CNBG) . “CNBG will cooperate 33． Elea Phoenix Laboratory of Argentina in terms of the development of the vaccine,” 34．(announce) the Chinese corporation in a statement on Friday. This is another step of great 35．(important) for China’s global cooperation（合作）in promoting a COVID-19 vaccine. 36． vaccine started phase-3 clinical trials in the United Arab Emirates on June 23, and in Peru and Morocco on Thursday. CNBG will 37．(steady) make efforts in the international phase-3 clinical trials according to research plans and continue to carry forward academic exchanges between China and other countries, 38． is a common practice in vaccine developing.

　“We will 39．(sure) the availability and affordability（可支付能力）of the vaccine and try to market it in China and abroad as soon as possible,” CNBG said in the statement. According to a senior WHO official on 7 Aug, so far six COVID-19 vaccine candidates, including three from China, 40．(enter) phase-3 trials .

　练 模拟演练 12 （2020·四川射洪中学月考）

　Kyrgyzstan(吉尔吉斯斯坦) is a mountainous country where nearly two thirds of the people live in rural areas. The UN notes that the local economy depends 81．(heavy)on farming. So it is rare for any Kyrgyz to choose technology 82． a career path.

　The UN Development Programme studied records about the country’s college 83．(graduate)in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, construction and manufacturing. It found that women make up less than 10 percent of those graduates.

　Nineteen-year-old Alina Anisimova, 84． is a computer programmer, says some girls don’t have the courage to take on such studies because it is not common in their country. And, she also says a majority of parents discourage their daughters from 85．(study)these subjects. Girls in her country are expected 86． (marry) instead of having careers. Nearly one in 10 girls in Kyrgyzstan is married before the age of 18, notes the international aid group Girls Not Brides. She wishes that in the future people will not consider it so 87．(surprise)to see young women get involved in engineering and metal working.

　Actually, the number of women in science, technology, engineering and math areas 88． (increase)in recent years. For example, in the US, there has been a push to get more girls interested in such subjects at 89． early age. Still, the UN’s cultural agency UNESCO notes that only about 30 percent of the world’s researchers 90． (be)women.