Coqnyri经济全球化影响与后果

　 七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。乃书于纸上。毕而卧。凄然入梦。乙酉年七月初七。啸之记。

　经济全球化的影响与后果

　引文

　经济全球化(Economic Globalization) 是指世界经济活动超越国界，通过对外贸易、资本流动、技术转移、提供服务、相互依存、相互联系而形成的全球范围的有机经济整体。（简单的说也就是 世界经济日益成为紧密联系的一个整体）。经济全球化是当代世界经济的重要特征之一，也是世界经济发展的重要趋势。经济全球化的过程早已开始，尤其是80年代以后，世界经济全球化的进程大大加快了。经济全球化，有利于资源和生产要素在全球的合理配置，和产品在全球性流动，在全球性的扩张，有利于促进不发达地区经济的发展，是人类发展进步的表现，是世界经济发展的必然结果。但它对每个国家来说，都是一柄双刃剑，既是机遇，也是挑战。

　　经济全球化 是指贸易、投资、金融、生产等活动的全球化，即生产要素在全球范围内的最佳配合置。从根源上说是生产力的高度发展，要求进一步跨越民族和国家疆界的产物，其实质是发达资本主义国家的新一轮对外扩张。

　以来，经济全球化与跨国公司的深入发展，既给世界贸易带来了重大的推动力，同时也给各国经贸带来了诸多不确定因素，使其出现许多新的特点和新的矛盾。为此，研究和了解这一问题有着一定的现实意义经济全球化产生的原因IMF）在1997年5月发表的一份报告中指出，“经济全球化是指跨国商品与服务贸易及资本流动规模和形式的增加，以及技术的广泛迅速传播使世界各国经济的相互依赖性增强”。而经济合作与发展组织（OECD）认为，“经济全球化可以被看作一种过程，在这个过程中，经济、市场、技术与通讯形式都越来越具有全球特征，民族性和地方性在减少”。1. 国际形势渐趋缓和，发展经济刻不容缓2. 高新技术日新月异3. 跨国公司急剧扩张4. 国际资本极具流动性经济全球化的载体

　　1.贸易自由化。随着全球货物贸易、服务贸易，技术贸易的加速发展，经济全球化促进了世界多边贸易体制的形成，从而加快了国际贸易的增长速度，促进了全球贸易自由化的发展，也使得加入组织的成员以统一的国际准则来规范自己的行为。

　　2.生产力作为人类社会发展的根本动力，极大地推动着世界市场的扩大。为标志，从时间和空间上缩小了各国之间的距离，促使世界贸易结构发生巨大变化，促使生产要素跨国流动，它不仅对生产超越国界提出了内在要求，也为全球化生产准备了条件，是推动经济全球化的根本动力。

　　3.世界性的金融机构网络，大量的金融业务跨国界进行，跨国贷款、跨国证券发行和跨国并购体系已经形成。世界各主要金融市场在时间上相互接续、价格上相互联动，几秒钟内就能实现上千万亿美元的交易，尤其是外汇市场已经成为世界上最具流动性和全天候的市场。

　4.科技全球化。它是指各国科技资源在全球范围内的优化配置，这是经济全球化最新拓展和进展迅速的领域，表现为，先进技术和研发能力的大规模跨国界转移，跨国界联合研发广泛存在。以信息技术产业为典型代表，各国的技术标准越来越趋向一致，跨国公司巨头通过垄断技术标准的使用，控制了行业的发展，获取了大量的超额利润。目前，国际上关于经济全球化的四种基本观点是：第一种观点认为经济全球化是资本扩张的必然结果，所以，经济全球化的本质就是资本主义化、甚至可以说是美国化，是美国模式资本主义在全球取得最后胜利的标志，这是所谓“自由派”观点；

　第二种观点也认为经济全球化是资本主义化、美国化，因此本质上就是经济殖民主义，是帝国主义发展的新阶段，必须坚决批判与反对，这是所谓“新马克思主义”观点或“左”派观点；

　第三种是怀疑派观点，历史并没有显现所谓全球化的事实，充其量不过是出现了高水平的国际化，也就是国家之间经济互动而已，经济全球化是某些理论家的神话；

　第四种观点认为全球化是二十一世纪推动社会经济、政治快速变革的中心力量，这些变革正在重新塑造着现在世界，但未来如何尚看进一步变革，即著名的“变革论”。经济全球化的利：

　1、经济全球化可使世界范围内的资金、技术、产品、市场、资源、劳动力进行有效合理的配置。

　　2、经济全球化为发展中国家提供了一次迎接机遇和挑战的机会。

　　3、经济全球化为世界各国人民提供了选择物美价廉的商品和优质服务的好机会。

　　4、经济全球化将会促使世界大文化的产生和发展。

　　5、经济全球化将促进贸易和投资的自由化。

　　6、经济全球化加速技术转让和产业结构调整的进程。

　　7、经济全球化能够促进国际间政治的协调。

　　8、经济全球化有利于减少国际冲突。

　经济全球化的弊：1、经济全球化加剧了世界经济的不平衡，使贫富差距拉大。2、经济全球化使世界经济不稳定性加强。

　　3、现行的全球经济运行规则不尽合理，大多有利于发达国家。

　　4、经济全球化还可能导致发展中国家生态环境遭到破坏。

　　5、经济全球化使发展中国家所付代价巨大。

　6、经济全球化必然对民族文化带来一定的冲击。对于强国和弱国发展中和发达国家，都是个双刃剑，就看你怎么认识，怎么行动对于发达国家，经济的全球化可以使更多的跨国企业“走出去”找到更广阔的市场，更廉价的劳动力，更加强大的优化资源配置的能力，通过本身的政治、经济、文化强势地位达到压榨更多发展中国家的目的，通过经济全球化，更容易改变自身不合理经济层次结构，将高污染、高耗能产业迁出，引进高科技、绿色产业，并大力发展第三产业，使经济再次腾飞另外发达国家的经济因为在全球市场竞争中处于强势地位，竞争力强，更容易推销出产品，达到全球垄断地位。全球化经济必然造成世界政治格局震荡，弱国更加没有发言权，美英等西方国家更容易通过经济牵制达到干涉别国内政，霸权世界的目的。

　 对，是一个巨大的机遇与挑战，如果能在这个环境中抓住机遇，那么经济会更加平稳的发展，政治改革会遇到更少阻力，在世界上的影响力会更加强大，与中国类似，经济腾飞，政治崛起但对弱国、贫穷国家，将是更加贫穷惨烈的下场

　 经济全球化，改变的是社会中的方方面面，我们的产品便宜了，旅游去的地方更多了，留学更加便利，企业更容易开拓市场 但不要忘了，全球的经济一体意味着竞争的加大，意味着我们的敌人可能更多更强。如果我们不能用好其利则必被其伤。经济全球化与可持续发展

　 20世纪经济全球化取得了显著的进展，然而伴随全球化的却是世界生态环境平衡的严重破坏（如森林砍伐、沙漠化、河流和海洋的污染、城市烟雾、温室效应、臭氧层的损耗、生物多样性的丧失、关键自然资源的耗竭等）。这种全球化所引起的环境退化现象引起了世界各国的广泛关注，环境的可持续性问题日益成为世界经济发展的重要制约因素。对此，北美自由贸易协定和GATT的乌拉圭回合以及后来成立的WTO都对环境保护问题进行谈判，但却没有取得实质性进展，其原因在于各国对环境的评价标准不同，以及经济理论和实证研究的滞后导致各国缺乏共同的沟通语言。因此，全球化的发展迫切需要对环境的可持续性问题要有理论方面的突破。随着全球贸易和全球生产体系的迅速发展，以及跨国公司及其资本的不断扩张，我国的民族经济面临着越来越大的压力和冲击，对发达国家的依附性也不断增大。一方面，发达国家不仅是经济全球化的主导者和推动者，掌握着主动权，而且现存的国际经济规则大部分是以发达国家为主导制定的，有些规则则是在我国缺席的情况下制定的，如某些产业规则、信息技术产品协议和劳工标准等，这就决定了中国在经济全球化进程中始终处于与发达国家无法相比的不利地位。另一方面，由于我国经济基础不稳固，市场发育不完备，经济结构相对脆弱，资金匮乏，技术比较落后，人才流失严重等，很容易受到经济全球化的冲击而产生国内经济波动。

　一、经济全球化给我国可能带来的机遇

　经济全球化给我国实现经济和科学技术的跳跃式发展，赶超发达国家，提供了一个千载难逢的良好机会

　 因为经济全球化使资本、技术、知识等生产要素在全世界范围内自由流动，我国的企业可以抓住机遇用最低的成本引进外国先进的科学技术和先进的管理经验，这就为我国科技发展和经济腾飞提供了千载难逢的好机遇。经济全球化给我国的千百万人提供了前所未有的创业和就业的良好机会

　 由于在全世界范围内的国际分工越来越细，这就使每个民族和国家都在经济和技术的进步中得到自己应有的一份机会。改革开放以来，大量的外国投资直接涌入我国，或开办独资企业，或与我国企业举办中外合资或合作企业，与此同时，我国的企业也冲出亚洲，走向世界，在一百多个国家和地区设立了分支机构或与当地企业举办合营企业，这就为我国剩余劳动力提供了大量就业机会和创业机会。

　经济全球化给我国的高新科技发展和高科技人员国际交流提供了前所未有的良好机会

　 由于现代信息、通信技术和计算机技术的高度发展，特别是全球网络系统的出现，极大地缩短了各国的空间距离。今天各国科技人员完全可以进行远距离合作，从而降低科技人员交流的机会成本，使我国的科技人员不出国门就可以学到外国的先进技术，不出国门就可以了解全世界的科技发展动态，大大地减少了我国科技人员的重复劳动，这就给我国高新技术发展提供了机遇。

　经济全球化给我国积极参与、影响和建立国际经济政治新秩序提供了机遇

　 众所周知，现行的国际经济秩序是不合理、不民主、不平等的，它给发展中国家的经济贸易以及知识和科技准入等方面带来的负面影响是很大的，加剧了发达国家与发展中国家的贫富差距。而这些现行的国际经济规则大部分是以发达国家为主导制定的，虽然考虑到发展中国家的利益，但比例很小，有些规则甚至是在发展中国家缺席的情况下制定的。特别是某些产业发展规则，在发展中国家还没有发展或还没有充分发展的时候就制定出来，如信息技术产品协议和劳工标准等，这显然是不公平的，也是不合理的。中国是个发展中国家，但是个人口大国和潜在的经济大国，加入世贸组织后可以利用经济全球化的机遇，积极参与国际经济秩序改革，保护本国和广大发展中国家的利益。

　（二）、经济全球化给我国带来的挑战

　经济全球化可能给我国经济体制改革带来更大的难度

　 我国的经济体制改革已经进入攻坚阶段。在这一阶段，改革的任务十分艰巨，加之经济全球化所带来的外部冲击，会使改革难度进一步加大。

　经济全球化使我国高科技人才流失更加严重

　 由于外国或外企工作环境好，报酬高，具有很强的吸引力。所以，我国不少优秀的科技人才到三资企业工作，有的科技工作者通过全球网络系统脱离本国控制而为外国资本服务。青年学子、教师或研究人员出国留学、进修最后回国的比例很低。据统计，改革开放以来我国出国留学人员累计达40余万人，学成回国者仅占33%.大量的人才外流，实质上是一种倒置的技术转让，这给我国造成的影响是无形的，也是难以估计的。

　经济全球化相对增加了我国高新技术开发与使用的难度

　 一方面经济全球化给我国高新技术开发提供了机遇，另一方面也给我国高新技术开发增加了难度。因为，经济全球化虽然给富国和穷国都可以带来好处，但相对而言，富国与穷国的差距不是在缩小，而是在扩大。高新技术开发和使用需要有强大的经济实力作后盾。发达国家在高新技术开发与使用方面占据绝对优势，随之而来的是，高新技术的交易规则、标准等完全由发达国家制定，发展中国家只是这些规则、标准的接受者。从根本上讲，对这些规则、标准的控制是更高层次的控制，不仅控制了今天的生产过程，而且控制了未来的发展趋势。我国是个人口大国，经济上潜在大国，而不是经济强国，所以，必须正视和解决这些问题。

　经济全球化可能给我国的民族产业和市场造成一定的冲击

　 经济全球化使各国国内市场和国际市场联为一体，通过封闭国内市场来保护国内市场的做法越来越不可能。2001年年底我国加入世界贸易组织（WTO），标志着我国开始参与经济全球化的进程。随之而来的是，我国国内市场开放程度不断扩大，直到完全与国际经济接轨，过去我国建立的一整套行之有效的贸易保护法律、法规将因与世界贸易组织的规则相冲突而被废除或修改（我国保留的条款除外）。外国商品大量涌入，民族产业受到的冲击越来越大，有时甚至引起国内经济波动。

　经济全球化可能增大国内金融风险

　 金融国际化是经济全球化的重要内容之一，金融国际化要求国际金融资本自由化，这样国际资本流动速度会大大加快。在大量的国际资本流动中，短期资本占有很大的比例。这种国际资本的最大特点是投机性强，它以最快的速度频繁出入于各国资本市场，在给各国带来巨大的资金供给的同时，也给各国的金融和经济带来巨大的冲击。因为这种短期国际资本突然大量地撤出本国金融市场，会诱发本国的金融危机。

　Trade union work systemTrade union work systemThe staff and workers' CongressChapter I General principlesThe first is to protect my company workers democratic management power, full of enthusiasm and creativity of employees, wisdom run company, this regulation is formulated.Second public companies in the implementation of the board of directors general manager responsibility system under the leadership of the building at the same time, must establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security barrier and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the employees table in consideration of the major decision-making enterprises, supervision and supervision of administrative leadership, power and role of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers and so on.Third the trade union committee of the enterprise is the work of the staff and workers' Congress, and is responsible for the daily work of the staff and workers' Congress.Fourth the staff and workers' Congress shall accept the ideological and political leadership of the Party committee, and shall exercise its functions and powers within the limits prescribed by law.Article fifth the staff and workers' Congress shall actively support the general manager to exercise the authority of the management and decision making and the unified command of the production activities.Sixth of workers' Congress of democratic centralism.Second chapter of authorityArticle seventh the staff and workers' Congress shall exercise the following functions and powers::A general manager, to listen to and consider the science about the company's operating principles, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan, the basic construction plan, major technological transformation and technology introduction plan, staff training plan, its own funds allocation and use of the program, and put forward opinions and suggestions, and make a resolution on the implementation of the scheme.Two, consider the company's salary adjustment through the program, the labor protection measures programs, incentives and other important regulatory rules and regulations.Three, to consider the use of the program, the welfare of the staff and workers' welfare programs and other major issues related to the lives of the workers and staff.Four, evaluation and supervision of leading cadres at all levels of the company, and put forward suggestions on punishment and the appointment.In five, the workers' Congress meeting, can by the general manager on behalf of the government, the chairman of the trade union staff representatives signed the system of equal consultation and collective contract, for the common goal for the development of the company, each other is to assume the obligation to ensure the implementation.Staff representative of the third chapterEighth employees of the company in accordance with the law to enjoy political rights were elected as representatives of the employees of cocoa.Article 99 the employees' representatives to the department room or the basic level branch as a unit, directly elected by the workers. The operators, technical personnel and management personnel, leading cadres and young workers, female workers have accounted for a certain proportion, the company and the Department of leadership cadres of the general staff to do the total number of deputies to 55 points.Tenth employees on behalf of the Ministry or the basic unit of the Department of the unit is a single unit of the delegation, elected head..Eleventh staff representatives for implementation of the permanent system of election, once every two years, may be re elected. The election of representatives of the employees table unit employees, elected units and workers have the right to supervise and replace the withdrawal of representatives of the staff and workers units.The rights and obligations of the representatives of the twelfth staff and workers:A table, in the staff representative meeting, have the right to vote, to be elected in voting and voting rights. The right to execute executive Congress resolutions and proposal to implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers' Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union of the company more than 1/3 staff or staff representatives proposal may convene the meeting. The workers' Congress elections held and resolutions must be approved by all workers represented by more than half.Twenty-fifth of the workers congress around increase and enhance the vitality of enterprises, promote the technology step by step, improve economic efficiency, for enterprise management, an important problem of distribution system and workers life and fix the issue. Staff and workers congress decided in its position within the scope of authority, without consent shall not be modified by the workers' Congress change.Table sixteenth employee representative congress is not in session, the need for temporary solutionAn important question by trade unions called post head meeting of representatives of the staff and workers, and consultation with the down of a workers' congress report confirmed. Head meeting may participate in according to the meeting invited the leadership of the company and other relevant personnel.The fifth chapter of the staff and workers' Congress and the trade unionSeventeenth work as a staff representative of the general assembly of the work of the organization, to undertake the following work:First, the organization of staff and workers elected representatives.Two, the collection of workers on behalf of the major issues of the proposal, presided over the work of representatives of the general assembly of the preparatory work and the organization of the meeting.Three, presided over the meeting of representatives of the staff and workers on behalf of the meeting.Four, the organization of specialized teams to investigate and research, to make recommendations to the workers' Congress, inspection and supervision and supervision of the implementation of the resolution of the general assembly, the implementation of the staff and workers to implement the resolution of the General Assembly on behalf of workers.Five, to the staff and workers into the democratic management of publicity and education, the organization of staff and workers on behalf of the learning policy, business and management knowledge, improve the quality of the staff representatives.Six, accept and deal with the complaints and suggestions of representatives of the staff and workers, maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Seven, the organization of democratic management of its other work.The sixth chapter of the Department of the room, the team's democratic managementAccording to the specific circumstances, the eighteenth department may take the form of the employees' Congress or the employee's representative office to exercise democratic management power in the affairs of the authority of the Department.Nineteenth teams and groups of democratic management, by the workers directly participate in the team's trade union leaders and workers under the auspices of the activities carried out under the auspices of the team building by the trade union leader to assist the squad leader.The seventh chapter supplementary provisionsArticle twentieth the company's trade unions shall be responsible for the interpretation of these regulations.Article twenty-first of the regulations issued from the date of promulgation.Trade union workOne, promote the party's road line, principles, policies, the implementation of the higher level of union spirit, under the leadership of the Party committee and the completion of the work of the task.Two, strengthen democratic management, do a good job of the staff and workers' Congress held preparatory, and closing work, do not hold regular workers delegation head of the meeting, to ensure the smooth flow of the main channel of democracy.Three, adhere to the "22" maintenance of unity, do a good job in the labor dispute mediation work, the protection of the specific interests of the masses of the protection of the masses of workers from invasion.Four, strengthen the source participation, actively participate in the company's various policy strategies, measures to develop, and supervise the implementation of the line, reflecting the wishes of the majority of workers and requirements.Five, the organization of workers to carry out labor competition, to make reasonable proposals, small leather, small inventions to create a living activity, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the production of workers.Six, to carry out the "warm and warm project" activities for the workers to run everything, practical things, to help solve the difficult life, do a good job of mutual assistance insurance and staff and workers to study and research work.Seven, establish and perfect the trade unions at all levels, achieve organization system network, fixed regularly held congress, a good new member of the development and transfer of work.Eight, establish and improve the levels of female workers organization, coordination of relevant departments to do a good job of female female workers "four period", play essential role of female workers into the sky, to promote the development of production, protect the legitimate rights and interests of women workers are not infringed.Nine, the group organized the staff to carry out health, education and teaching in music, small and diverse cultural and sports activities, active corporate cultural life, and strive to enhance the cohesion of the enterprise.Ten, to strengthen the financial management of the union, according to the trade union funds on time, to develop the use of the labor union funds budget, reasonable expenses, and do a good job in the collection and use of union dues.Union membership management systemArticle 1 this regulation is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the articles of association of China's trade union, and with the company's actual situation.Second who meet the conditions for membership in the Union constitution and the provisions of the China < >, has signed a labor contract with the company staff can apply to join into the union.Third apply for unionized workers, shall I put out the application, and the Chinese National Federation of trade unions shall fill in "application form" and "trade union membership registration form", by the union approval group and grass-roots trade union audit, is a member of the union. Its membership from the union committee approved the date since.Fourth trade union members should actively participate in the activities of the union, the right to exercise their rights and fulfill their obligations, and timely payment of contributions.Fifth members will be free to go back. Members of the withdrawal will be written application, through the trade union group, approved by the labor union committee, from the day of withdrawal will stop paying their dues.Sixth members do not have the proper reason to continue for 6 months without payment of membership dues, do not participate in the processing will organize life, education refused to correct, should be regarded as automatic withdrawal.Article 77 where serious crimes and criminal sanctions by members of trade unions, by the Committee for discussion and decision, dismissed its membership.The relationship between the eighth members of the organization changes with the change of labor relations, the labor relations of the members change, the relationship between the members of the human relations with me to transfer, with the membership card to transfer.Ninth to master company membership, every month 25 days before this grass-roots trade unions shall fill in "grass-roots union members report > union office reported to the company, requirements in a timely manner, digital true and reliable.Tenth such as the management of the members of the lost Dangdang, causing unnecessary labor disputes, etc., will be held responsible for the relevant personnel.Eleventh handle refund formalities will have workers, and apply for membership, allowing it to re apply for the admission procedures.Twelfth members retired, retired, laid-off, insurable retained membership. Membership retention period from dues. Members maintain membership, no longer have the right to vote and to be elected in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. In addition to enjoy the insurance benefits, the same treatment will no longer enjoy membership.Thirteenth the Ordinance shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the right to interpret it shall be in the company's trade union committee.Union chairman job dutiesOne, in the company Party branch and the superior trade union under the leadership of the trade union committee, presided over this unit is responsible for the daily work. The trade union work plan, regular arrangement, examination, summing up the work, and timely reporting to the Party branch and trade unions.Two, the implementation of the implementation of the party's line, principles, policies, adhere to the production and operation of enterprises as the center of the heart and to democratic management as the focus, play the essential role of working mechanism of the Congress, the comprehensive carry out the activities of trade unions.Three, the implementation of democratic centralism principle, chaired by members of the general assembly or a member of Congress, trade union committee, democracy, brainstorming, the trade unions do to promote the harmonious development of enterprises and employees, the stability and unity of the home of workers.Four, support the work of enterprise administration, to participate in the development of the enterprise planning, reform and innovation and life and other important work to discuss the work, and actively put forward reasonable proposals.Five, do the preparatory work of the Congress, to complete the work of the congress delegate support.Six, pay attention to listen to the opinions and requirements of the majority of members, in a timely manner to the Party branch and the administrative counter reflection, the maintenance of the rights and interests of workers and the vital interests of the enterprise administrative staff to help improve the welfare of workers.Seven, the organization to carry out health and physical and mental health of the culture and entertainment, sports activities.Eight, responsible for the scope of trade unions in the political learning, assessment, awarding work.Nine, to assist the female staff members will do a good job of female staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of female workers.Ten, assist enterprises in the relevant aspects of the association, do a good job in the work of retired workers and their families.Eleven, the examination and approval of trade union funds.Twelve, timely completion of the party organization and the work of the superior union arrangement.Detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations of the staff and workers' CongressChapter I General ProvisionsThe first one according to the People's Republic of China constitution in < > and < theconsolidation industrial workers congress during the People's Republic of China regulations cases of industrial enterprises owned by the "spirit, the regulations implementing rules are formulated.The second company employee representative congress is the basic form of democratic management of the enterprise, is the right agency workers to exercise their democratic management. The main work is the trade union committee organization of the staff and workers' Congress, responsible for the daily work of the workers' Congress.Third employees in the company under the leadership of Party branch, to implement the party's line, principles and policies of needles, and state laws and regulations, correctly handle the state, collective, individual interests of the three, in the law within the prescribed scope of authority.Article 44 the Congress shall actively support the general manager of the company to exercise the management decision and the unified command of production, scientific research activities authority.Fifth to establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the staff and workers to review the major decision of enterprises in the trial supervision, administrative leadership, role and rights to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests and so on.Article 66 The Congress implement democratic centralism in the system.Second chapter of authorityThe Seventh Congress exercised the following powersFirst, the right to consider proposalsListen to the general manager of the regular work report; review; business policy, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan; basic construction plan; major technical transformation scheme;; employee training plan; financial budget is put forward opinions and suggestions; gold funds allocation and use case.Two, the review of the consent or vetoThe salary adjustment scheme of the enterprise; the bonus scheme; the labor protection measures; the reward measures for the employees and the important rules and regulations of the enterprise are reviewed.Three, to consider the right to decide:For workers Fulili fund; workers housing allocation; other important matters relating to workers Living welfare review will be decided.Four, appraisal, supervision powerLeading cadres at all levels of supervision, regular review, general manager of the office should fulfill the duties and objectives of supervision, the layers of cadres to the general manager of science can be put forward to praise, reward, punishment, promotion or group of criticism, dismissed suggestions.Five, the right to democratic electionsAccording to the superior department in charge of the deployment of the competent authorities or the approval of the higher authorities, the staff representatives of the people's democratic recommendation or the election of enterprise administrative leadership, and the election results reported to the competent authorities for approval.The Eighth Congress will be the taskFirst, the party and government departments to do a good job of the "two" civilization, the workers of the ideological, discipline and professional ethics education.Two, Congress should support education workers of the company general manager for the mobilization of workers to carry out the exercise of the powers, the provisions, abide by discipline, efforts to complete the task.Three, close contact with the general staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the views and requirements of the workers.Staff representative of the third chapterThe ninth company employees entitled to political rights in accordance with the provisions of the law, can be elected as the representative of the staff.Tenth representatives of the staff and workers to produce, should take the Department, the workshop as a unit, by the workers directly elected, not appointed by the leadership of the leadership. The number of its representatives should be accounted for 10-20%. of the total number of workersEleventh a staff representative should be a worker, technical personnel, management personnel, workers and other leading cadres group consisting of young workers and female workers should be accounted for a proper proportion. A guest, attend on behalf of several seats.According to the needs of the work and the number of representatives of the composition of a number of representatives of the table group, elected leader, deputy leader.Twelfth representatives of the staff and workers of real implementation of the permanent system, every three to four years of election election once, may be re elected.Article thirteenth supplementary supplementary of theJapan soldiers at face value, without trace, left. (22) Shen Longbao bricks crushed to death the Japanese autumn 1941, new Cheng Shen Longbao CPC underground party members were ordered to scout the Japanese military, as he was walking along the top edge of the new town to scout behind the Japanese military police, probably not a box gun

　Trade union work systemTrade union work systemThe staff and workers' CongressChapter I General principlesThe first is to protect my company workers democratic management power, full of enthusiasm and creativity of employees, wisdom run company, this regulation is formulated.Second public companies in the implementation of the board of directors general manager responsibility system under the leadership of the building at the same time, must establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security barrier and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the employees table in consideration of the major decision-making enterprises, supervision and supervision of administrative leadership, power and role of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers and so on.Third the trade union committee of the enterprise is the work of the staff and workers' Congress, and is responsible for the daily work of the staff and workers' Congress.Fourth the staff and workers' Congress shall accept the ideological and political leadership of the Party committee, and shall exercise its functions and powers within the limits prescribed by law.Article fifth the staff and workers' Congress shall actively support the general manager to exercise the authority of the management and decision making and the unified command of the production activities.Sixth of workers' Congress of democratic centralism.Second chapter of authorityArticle seventh the staff and workers' Congress shall exercise the following functions and powers::A general manager, to listen to and consider the science about the company's operating principles, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan, the basic construction plan, major technological transformation and technology introduction plan, staff training plan, its own funds allocation and use of the program, and put forward opinions and suggestions, and make a resolution on the implementation of the scheme.Two, consider the company's salary adjustment through the program, the labor protection measures programs, incentives and other important regulatory rules and regulations.Three, to consider the use of the program, the welfare of the staff and workers' welfare programs and other major issues related to the lives of the workers and staff.Four, evaluation and supervision of leading cadres at all levels of the company, and put forward suggestions on punishment and the appointment.In five, the workers' Congress meeting, can by the general manager on behalf of the government, the chairman of the trade union staff representatives signed the system of equal consultation and collective contract, for the common goal for the development of the company, each other is to assume the obligation to ensure the implementation.Staff representative of the third chapterEighth employees of the company in accordance with the law to enjoy political rights were elected as representatives of the employees of cocoa.Article 99 the employees' representatives to the department room or the basic level bra