高中英语阅读理解猜词专题

　 高三英语备课材料

　汪丽珍 2010.10.20

　 猜词题

　思路：由易到难，利用高考真题为素材，引导学生自己归纳猜词技巧

　Part One 构词法猜词

　一、Compound

　1. Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horses.

　2. Many of these wage-earners return in the end, sending home huge amounts of money.

　3. Status makes people feel better, which explains why scientists or actors may happily accept poorly-paid job.

　4. The view is short- sighted. In fact music is of great benefit for us all.

　5. One good thing from downturn of economy will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money.

　Q： 如何猜复合词的词义？

　二、Conversion

　1. Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children’s books.

　2. Processing fresh tea shoots（嫩芽）into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill.

　3. The first six-edition, all priced at ￥6.99, and advertised as great reads, will go on sale next months, with plans for 50 to 100 more to follow.

　Q：你认识这些划线单词吗？你所掌握的词义与他们在句子中的词义是否一样？猜他们的词义有技巧吗？

　三、Derivative

　（一）Group 1

　1. 1) With a deep sigh, Mr Death climbed up the tree un willingly, and immediately stuck to it.

　2) Surely Enzo will take the audience deep beneath of the surface of the earth, to uncover the mysteries.

　2. 1) As an official, it would be irresponsible to ignore the situation.

　2) Baron’s will that whoever bought the portrait of his son could get all his possessions showed his invaluable love for his son.

　3) Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical.

　4) What you have done is illegal-against the law.

　3. We provide training for non-professional actors and cooks.

　4. Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons in misguided.

　5. Everyone is dissatisfied what he has done. That’s to say, Hamilton is expected to discontinue the practice of gift giving by collecting money.

　6. 1) I was speechless when my course grade arrived A-plus.

　2) Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives（档案馆）in a fruitless search for information.

　Q：总结表否定的词缀

　（二）Group 2

　1. 1) When having dinner at the restaurant, make sure they don’t over charge you for you drinks.

　2) Students in classrooms with unblocked view of at 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary than those whose classrooms overlooked roads and parking lots.

　Over- 过度，在。。。上

　2. For the first two years in New York I was really lost-having to study in three schools as a result of fancily moves and the fact that mother remarried.

　Re-重复，再次

　3. 1) We live in a multicultural society, where we should do what we can to broaden our horizons.

　2) a multipurpose tool

　Multi-多

　4. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Prestorm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying.

　Pre-前

　5. Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex school?

　Co-共同

　6. There is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.

　Self-自己

　7. When you swim underwater, you can feel water pushing on your body.

　Under-下

　8. The article is subtitled “New Language for new times”.

　Sub-次，副

　9. Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Brtain.

　Super-超级

　10. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science.

　Inter-相互

　11. Nigel decided to befriend Iris who is rebuilding her robot.

　Be-使

　12. Praising attributes（品质）or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have the quality and it devalues effort.

　De-使。。。低，降

　13. Nobody can foretell the future

　Fore-预先

　14. He is a post-graduate, studying in Oxford University.

　Post-后

　15. 1) Tanni’s long-lasting success has been part motivation, part preparation. The training that enables her to be a good sprinter（短跑运动员）enables her to be good at marathon.

　2) Library Hours have been shortened to 7 hours a day (9:00 am － 4: 00 pm)En-/-en:动词化

　16. He was killed by electricshock.

　Electric-电

　17. Look at the stars through a telescope.

　Tele-远

　18. microscope microwave

　Micro-微小

　19. He has a transplanted heart.

　20. ecosystem eco-生态

　21. biochemistry, biodiversity

　Bio-生物

　22. vice-president / chairman

　Vice-副

　23. The machine can autocontrol, which needn’t human’s operation.

　Auto-自动

　24. This is antifreeze, which can prevent water freezing.

　Anti-抗

　25. It’s a waterproof watch. It won’t be damaged by water.

　 -proof 防

　26. minibus, miniskirt, mini-小

　27. midday, midnight mid-中

　28. a- await, a like, a wake

　29. kilo- ; kilowatt

　（三）Group 3

　1. The other son, sam, who is always a follower when around other children, shines as a leader during our time together.

　interviewer / interviewee employer / employee

　trainer / trainee

　2. The pilot spent some time as a flying instructor in England and then returned to the front.

　3. hostess, actress, waitress

　4. engineer, volunteer

　5. Pekingese, Portuguese

　6. politician, historian, musician

　7. specialist, physicist, cyclist

　总结表人的词缀

　（四）Group 4

　1. retirement, requirement

　2. awareness, calmness

　3. 1) Science can be a force for will as well as for good. Its application can be channeled either way, depending our decision.

　2) The Museum is open to the public. Admission is free.

　3) action

　4. leadership, citizenship

　5. warmth, growth

　6. wisdom, freedom

　7. neighborhood

　8. socialism, optimism, nationalism

　9. One of the few, things you can say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.

　10. accuracy, privacy

　11. resistance, appearance, reference, independence

　12. approval, arrival, survival

　13. exposure, departure, signature

　14. economics, electronics

　15. shortage, storage

　16. arms, customs

　17. belongings, surroundings

　总结名词词缀

　（五）Group 5

　1. acceptable, horrible

　2. professional, rental

　3. handful, fearful

　4. selfish, childish

　5. protective, active

　6. a leafy tree, muddy, smelly, dusty

　7. a timely, gift, in her motherly voice,

　 likely, weekly

　8. mountainous

　9. quarrelsome, tiresome

　10. golden, woolen, wooden

　11. western

　12. American, Italian, European

　13. legendary, secondary

　14. limited, talented, furnished,

　astonishing, amazing, amusing

　15. resistant, pleasant

　总结形容词词缀

　（六）Group 6

　1. simplify, purify, classify

　2. popularize a method

　 specialize in law

　3. enrich, sharpen

　总结动词词缀

　（七）Group 7

　1. shortly partly

　2. outwards, upwards, downwards

　总结副词词缀

　（八）Group 8

　1. –teen

　2. –ty

　3. –th

　总结数词词缀

　Consolidation

　1. Eventually, in special sections of the site, non scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they’ve seen.

　2. Today, celebrities（名人）face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threaten to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life.

　Part Two;

　1.(08山东)Young adult filmmakers all hope to show their works in international festivals like Sundance and Toronto. But what about really young filmmakers who aren’t in film school yet and aren’t, strictly speaking, even adults?

　They are at the heart of Wingspan Arts Kids Films Festival, tomorrow, in a setting any director might envy: Lincoln Center. Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various awards, the festival has much in common with events for more experienced moviemakers, except for the age of the participants: about 8 to 18.

　“What’s really exciting is that it’s film for kids by kids,” said Cori Gardner, managing director of Wingspan Arts, a nonprofit organization offering youth arts programs in the New York area. This year the festival will include films not only from Wingspan but also from other city organizations and one from a middle school in Arlington, Virginia. “We want to make this a national event,” Ms. Gardner added.

　The nine shorts to be shown range from a Claymation biography of B.B. King to a science fiction adventure set in the year 3005. “A lot of the material is really mature,” Ms. Gardner said, talking about films by the New York City branch of Global Action Project, a media arts and leadership-training group. “The Choice is about the history of a family and Master Anti-Smoker is about the dangers of secondhand smoke.” Dream of the Invisibles describes young immigrants’ feelings of both belonging and not belonging in their adopted country.

　The festival will end with an open reception at which other films will be shown. These include a music video and full-length film whose title is Pressures.

　58. The underlined word “shorts” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.

　A. short trousers B. short kids C. short films D. short stories

　2. （05江西）He?wishes?the?holiday?season?would?end?already?.?His?back?aches?,?his?red?suit?feelslike?a?spacesuit?,?his?cheeks?have?gone?tight?from?smiling?for?12?hours?—and?still?the?kids?keep?coming?and?coming?,?like?ants?at?a?picnic?.?As?Christmas?becomes?more?commercialized?across?the?U.?S.?and?Canada?,?so?must?Santas?.?As?the?holiday?begins?earlier?each?year,?so?must?its?spokesmen.

　56?Spokesmen?refers?to?____?. A．businessmen? B．political?leaders?

　C．organizers?of?the?activities? D．Santa?Clauses

　方法一;语篇猜词 D D

　1. （09湖北） My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. ?

　One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. …?

　53. What did the “service pins”（in Para. 2）stand for in the dyes of the little girls?

　A. Strength. ?B. Courage. ?C. Victory. ?D. Honor.

　2．（08重庆）Being?able?to?multitask—doing?several?things

　at?the same?time—is?considered?a?welcome?skill?

　by?most?people.?But?if?we?consider?the?situation?

　of?the?young?people?aged?from?eight?to?eighteewe?should?think?again.

　What?we?often?see?nowadays?is?that?young?people?juggle?an?

　ever?larger?number?of?electronic?device(电子产品)as?they?study.?While?working,?they?also?surf?on

　TheInternet,?send?out?emails,?answer?the?telephone?and?listen?to?music?on?their?iPods.?In?a?sense,?they?are?spending?a?significant?amount?of?time?in?fruitless?efforts?as?they multitask.

　64.?What?does?the?underlined?word?“juggle”mean?

　A.?Want?to?buy B.?Take?the?place?of. C.?Use?at?the?same?timeD.?Seek?for?information?from.

　方法二：定义猜词DC

　（09广东） We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.

　?“You could win prizes，”our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing，“The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. ”

　We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.

　47. The underlined phrase most probably means _____________.

　A. formed an idea for B. made an outline for

　C. made some space for D. chose some colors for

　方法三;场景描写猜词A

　1（06江西） The storm gave us very little warning．Black clouds loomed over the distant horizon(地平线) so suddenly that we were taken by surprise．Even then，we were not really worried，as the clouds seemed to be moving over our house and towards the distant mountains．Then，just as the clouds had moved inland，the wind suddenly swung around in a

　full circle and we were facing a major storm．

　 Instantly，we were busily preparing for the worst． The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and crops．There was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again．My older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above river．If the river flooded，they should be safe there．

　 58．The underlined word "stock" refers to ____ ．

　 A .money owned by the family B．goods for sale

　 C．supplies for family use D．farm animals ．

　（03全国） In?1963?a?schoolboy?called?Andrew?Wiles?reading?in?his?school?library?came?across?the?world’s?greatest?

　Mathproblem:?Fermat’s?Last?Theorem.?First?put?forward?by?the?French?mathematician?Pierre?de?Fermat?in?theseventeenth?century,?the?theory?had?baffled?and?beaten?the?fines?mathematical?minds,?including?a?French?woman?scientist?who?made?a?major?advance?in?working?out?the?problem,?and?who?had?to?dress?like?a?

　man?in?order?to?be?able?to?study?at?the?Ecole?Polytechnique.?Through?unbelievable?determination?Andrew?Wiles?finally?worked?out?the?problem?in?1995.?

　65．Which?of?the?following?best?explains?the?meaning?of?the?word?“baffle”?as?it?is?used?in?the?text?

　?A．To?encourage?people-to?raise?questions. ?

　B.To?cause?difficulty?in?understanding. ?

　C．To?provide?a?person?with?an?explanation. D．To?limit?people’s?imagination.

　3，（07安徽）The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.

　58.?The?word?"steering"?underlined?most?probably?

　means?_______. ?

　forcing B.?guidingC.?driving? D.?moving

　方法四：近义词猜词 D B B

　1（06江西） Buster Brown was a thief-and a good one，too，he thought．He’d never been caught by the police because he never took chances．

　 Confidently，he stood outside the house of his intended victim(受害者)and read the sign on the front gate of the house．“Don't worry about the dog—be aware of theowner!”it said．Buster smiled and found his way in．

　 The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display．

　61. Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic"?

　 A.Messy.and.untidy. B. Rich and expensive.

　 C.Comfortable.and.calming.D.Foreign and unusual.

　. 2.（09四川）Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not.? I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA（personal bank account）. I love how singer Judy Garland put it.? “Always be a first-class version（版本）of yourself, instead of a second-class version of somebody else. ”?

　49. The underlined part means “_______ ”

　A. to be honest? B. to be unreal? C. to become clear D. to come from an imagined world?

　方法四：反义词猜词 D B

　1. (01全国)Shanghai:?Car?rentals?are?becoming?more?and?

　Morepopular?as?an?inexpensive?way?of?taking?to

　?roads.?Business?people,?foreign?and?families?alike

　?are?makinggood?use?of?the?growing?industry.

　The?first?car?rental?firm?opened?in?Shanghai?in?1992

　?and?12?car?rental?players?are?in?the?game,?with?more?than?11,500?cars?in?their?books.

　The?largest?player-Shangha?Bashi?Tourism?Car?Rental?Center?offers?a?wide?variety?of?choices-deluxe?sedans,?

　minivans,?station?wagons,?coaches.?Santana?sedans?are?the?big?favorite.

　56.?The?underlined words?refer?to______. A.?cars?in?the?making?B.?car?rental?firms?

　?C.?cars?for?rent?D.?car?makers

　2. （08广东） Music?was?not?the?only?gulf.?From?clothing?and?hairstyles?to?activities?and?expectations,?earlier?generations?of?parent?and?children?often?appeared?to move?in?separate?orbits.

　41.?The?underlined?word?gulfmost?probably?means?_______.

　A.?interest? ?B.?distance? C.?different?D.?separation

　方法五：例证猜词CC

　1．（05江西） The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates(种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.

　68． The word “pruning” means_____ .

　A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering

　C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain

　The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth , is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原)surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(栖息地).

　68. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

　A. Fixing the time.

　B. Worsening the state.

　C. Improving the quality.

　D. Deciding the conditions.

　方法六：因果关系猜词 A D

　 1．（08全国）More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple (菠萝). The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1966, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.

　The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.

　In nutrition (营养) it was all good news too. This nice tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.

　 Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep market to itself. But other fruit companies argued successfully that Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out the market.

　62. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something _________.

　A. that people enjoy eating B. that is always present C. that is difficult to get

　D. that people use as a gift

　2.（09山东）Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled—to $1. 01 per pack—smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit. ?

　This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. ?

　The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely. ?

　68. The underlined word "deter” most probably means . ?

　A. discouraging B. remove C. benefit D. free

　方法七：代入法猜词 B A

　(08北京)

　Dear Hamilton,

　We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you.

　You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.

　It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outside the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.

　This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.

　Thank you for understanding.

　63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.

　A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding

　方法八：常识猜词 A

　1．（09江西）237 West Palmdale Boulevard

　Fresno , Califormia93706

　AmToy Corporation

　Suite 15

　TransAm Building

　November 20, 2008

　Dear Sirs,

　As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro—Rain seen in local media is California. So Schally, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads （attached this letter） and had the week of November 15.

　Children to your type of advertising in an immature way; that they shamble to understand how expensive some toys are for middle-class parent. Further, you product is violent in nature. Youth advertisement gives children the impression that it’s fine to have “two guns and laser eyes.”You also suggest that children need your toy protect them “when you go outside.” This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.

　I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may our children.

　Sincerely yours,

　（Mrs. ） Alma Hernandez

　Enc

　It’s here! Heady for You, Now! It’s Electro-Robo!

　Every lay dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true Electro-R0ho is the world’s first fully autocratic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, Electro-Robo is like a friend at home, He can walk, talk, and even shake your had! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him , Every boy needs Electro-Robo !

　Ask your Mom and Dad to buy Electro-Robo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, Electro-Robo!

　Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW!

　66. What dose “End” at the end of the letter mean?

　A. Something attached to the letter.

　B. A complaint to the toy company.

　C. A hidden message D. An encouraging response.

　2（08湖北）?One?morning?a?few?years?agoHarvard?President?

　Neil?Rudenstine?overslept.For?this?busy?manit?was?a?sort?of?alarm:after?years?of?non-stop?hard?work，he?might?wear?himself?out?and?die?an?early?death.

　Only?after?a?week's?leave—during?which?he?read?novels,listened?to?music?and?walked?with?his?wife?on?a?beach—was?

　Rudenstine?able?to?return?to?work.

　73.The“alarm”?refers?to?“______

　”.?A.a?signal?of?stress ?B.a?warning?of?danger?

　C.a?sign?of?age D.a?spread?of?disease

　方法九：标点符号猜词 A B