女大学生就业现象及其内涵要求

　 女大学生就业现象及其内涵要求【摘要】:本文讲述了中国当代女大学生就业现象，具体阐述了女大学生就业歧视现象，以及相关就业环境分析，从不同角度理解女大学生就业现状。【Abstract】: This paper?describes the?employment of female graduates?of Chinese contemporary phenomenon, ?female students described specific employment discrimina-tion,employment and related environmental analysis,from different perspectives to understand the employment status of female college students. 【关键词】: 大学生 女性 就业 歧视 现象【Keywords】: university student female employment discrimination phenomenon【正文】：长久以来，中国的女大学生在求职的过程中不断遭遇性别歧视，就业相对男大学生更为困难。为了在实证资料的支撑下探究该社会现象背后的结构性因素，并提出若干政策和法律上的建议，我选择参考了中国中部的湖北省为考察对象（湖北地处中国中部，经济社会发展水平比东部沿海地区落后，比西部内陆地区发达），借鉴了2008年10月到2009年2月，一份对武汉大学、华中师范大学、中南民族大学以及三峡大学的2004级本科毕业生和2007级硕士研究生进行的“女大学生就业政策环境”的抽样调查。该调查共分发调查问卷1200份，回收1010份，有效率为84％，其中发放男生问卷300份，回收有效问卷256份，有效率为85％；发放女生问卷900份，回收有效问卷754份，有效率为84％。女大学生就业难现状根据调查显示，近几年来湖北省女大学生就业率变化不大，2005年至2007年，湖北省女大学生就业形势在总体上显示出逐年下滑的趋势，尤其是硕士女大学生的就业率平均每年下降2％-3％左右，而博士女大学生学历就业率在07年比05年下降了38.8％。此外，该调查发现，女大学生就业率平均每年至少低于男大学生5个百分点，而且不同专业性质的女大学生的就业比例也呈现出差异性。根据这次调查，就女大毕业生整体而言，较好实现就业的文科专业的女大学生就业率也只能达到60％-70％，而理工类的女大学生的就业率只有一半左右，医科女大学生只有30％-40％，个别专业的女大学生的就业率甚至只有10％左右。同时，该调查还发现，女大学生就业岗位的条件往往低于男大学生，工资水平也相对偏低。如此，女大学生就业难的问题正在日益凸现。所谓“女大学生就业难”是指女大学生在一定时期内，因受各种因素影响而出现的就业受阻，以至于不能实现就业或者就业不理想，比如遭遇就业机会不均等、职业隔离、“同工不同酬”及需要动员大量的就业途径与高额的就业成本才能就业等问题；“难”为一个相对的概念，即指女大学生就业相对于男大学生就业而言更难。（一）女大学生在求职过程中遭遇机会不平等虽然社会各方都在呼吁就业市场上的男女不平等，但是由于女大学生先天性生理原因以及出差时的不便，使得一些用人单位更倾向于招收男生，由此出现了就业中的性别歧视现象，当然也有很多女大学生因为就业期望过高及偏离了实际的需要而错失很多发展机会。比如，由于种种原因更多女大学生愿意待在比较大的城市，以享受现代文明的城市文明而不愿意到基层、西部、及农村去工作。然而，由于用人单位导致的女大学生就业的性别歧视却更为严重，主要表现为：第一，在就业信息中存在很多显性的就业歧视，一些用人单位招聘时明显指出“只限男性”或者“男性优先”的字样，甚至明确规定“不招女生”。

　第二，用人单位在大学生求职者的简历筛选中，也存在着较为严重的隐形歧视。比如，用人单位一般不会明确提出与性别有关的要求，但会拒绝接收女大学生的简历，或者是在接受简历后在面试中不予录取。第三，用人单位在对女大学生求职者的面试过程中，会不断强调其“女性身份”而提出限制女大学生履行母职等一系列苛刻条件。比如，几乎所有的女大学生在面试中都会被问到有关女性身份的恋爱、婚姻、生育等问题，或者在讨论就业协议时百般刁难，要求女性“在五年内不许结婚生育，否则将自动辞退”等，或者对女生提出与职位无明显关系的“会喝酒、能经常出差”等苛刻条件。有超过60%的女生认为，在面试过程中是因为性别原因而遭到淘汰的，但男生的比例则相对较低。如此，在求职过程中，女大学生要经常遭遇用人单位的隐性和显性的性别歧视，进而导致了女大学生就业机会的不平等。从以上分析可以看出，女大学生在求职过程中遭遇的就业机会不平等是非常严重的。?机会的不均等背离了社会主义平等原则，女大学生就业难问题已经隐性地助长了中国几千年以来主流社会对妇女权利的漠视以及对男女性别差异的鼓励或强化，对现代女权运动和制度变革产生巨大冲击，对社会产生消极的示范作用，致使社会主义精神文明倒退。（二） 女大学生在就业中遭遇明显的职业隔离由于劳动力市场存在的性别偏好和性别歧视，职业发展中的性别分化与性别隔离对女大学生就业而言，已经产生了深远的影响。据本次调查发现，男女大学生就业的“岗位层次”高低不同，这种差异体现在横向和纵向两个方面。横向而言，指相对于男大学生，女大学生就业者多聚集于服务性行业和劳动密集型行业，包括教育、卫生、饮食、文秘和演艺等行业，而科技含量越高、文化层次越高及职位越高的岗位，女性人才所占的比例很小。比如，据本次调查资料显示，24.5％的女生想进入国家机关工作，19.8％的女生想成为公务员，这两个比例均与男生相近，但最终只有6.1％的女生进入了国家机关，5.2％的女生成为了公务员，而这两个比例都低于男生4％左右。如此，很多有才华的女大学生无法进入所谓的“男性领域”而获得职业生涯规划的发展，同时女大学生获得较高权力地位的职位机会也低于男生，这就使得女大学生普遍游离于权力中心较远的位置而无从改善自身的环境。纵向而言，指女大学生的职位升迁比男大学生困难。对于上述的职业隔离，几乎所有的用人单位也毫不讳言，值得注意的是，他们均从传统的女性特质论出发，认为女性“不思进取”、“灵活性差”等，便以传统的性别分工来接收女大学生。例如用人单位的某些公司里，女性主要在后台工作，公司的业务一线主要是男性。有相关人士指出，“我们主要根据男女的不同特点来安排岗位。女性更有亲和力，一般男性做维护，女性做财务。出差、跑业务、应酬的，基本上都是男性，女性还是有点不方便”。

　所以，用人单位的职业隔离使男女分成了高低不同的层次，并重建或复制了女大学生自我是“第二性”的。由于在求职过程中的机会不平等，女大学生遭遇了“就业的进门难”。为了就业，她们往往答应用人单位的苛刻条件，结果是获得一份与初衷距离甚远的工作。而这种就业不理想的状况使她们很难认同自己的工作，降低了她们对工作的热情，限制了其个人职能的发展。而“进门”后的职业隔离，致使女大学生在付出与男大学生相等、甚至更多的努力之后仍然被排斥在一些所谓的“适合男性”的主流职业之外，降低了其成为社会精英的几率。（三） 同工不同酬：职业隔离带来的男女大学生收入差异女大学生直接遭遇“同工不同酬”的问题并不多见，但是，与男性相同能力的女大学生，由于职业隔离等原因其收入却迥然不同。此外，也有许多女大学生认为，同一职位上男女由于工作职责不同收入上也存在着明显差别。（四） 女大学生的就业成本更高，就业所动用的社会资源更多女大学生在求职过程中，因深感性别歧视，以及“男性的不战而胜”对其自信心的打击等，不仅造成了其就业过程更加漫长，导致了她们强烈的挫败感，也致使她们在推销自己的过程中付出了比男大学生更多的就业成本。比如，在诸多就业途径中，女大学生所运用的就业途径的比例均比男大学生要高得多，尤其是在“通过亲友求职”的选项中，女大学生是男大学生的3倍，由此，女大学生所要动用的就业资本是巨大的，包括金钱、时间、精力以及无形的社会资本。而女大学生的不能充分就业，造成了人力资源的闲置，浪费和外流，使人力资源不能得到最优配置，并影响国家的可持续发展。同时，女大学生所支付的心理成本也是高额的，甚至会导致其严重的心理健康问题的产生。比如，由于性别原因而被工作单位拒绝之后，在主观期望与现实选择的巨大落差下，她们会产生无尽的压力与挫败感，已有34.6％的女大学生感到“焦虑”，52.2％的女大学生感到“愤怒”，41.1％的女大学生感到“恐惧”，以及20.2％的女大学生感到“抑郁”，甚至出现“自杀”等严重心理问题。二、女大学生就业难的原因剖析对于女大学生“普遍弥散的、无所不在的”的就业性别歧视，是导致女大学生就业难的最根本原因。根据1958年国际劳工组织通过的《关于就业和职业歧视公约》， “就业中的性别歧视”是指基于性别的任何区别、排斥或特惠，“其后果是取消或损去就业方面的机会平等或待遇平等”，但“基于特殊工作本身的要求的区别、排斥或特惠，不应视为歧视”。正是从这个角度看，“女大学生就业过程中的性别歧视”是指，女大学生在进入劳动力市场时，因其性别遭受到的显性的或隐性的有区别的对待或排斥5。如前所述，劳动力市场中的性别歧视，广泛存在于女大学生的就业过程之中，从用人单位直接发布“只招男生”等就业信息中所存在显性性别歧视，到在筛选求职简历中刻意挑选男生的隐性歧视，以及在面试中因强化女大学生的“女性身份”而不予以录取的“第二性女人”的建构等，女大学生的就业过程实质上演变成了一个遭遇深刻性别歧视的过程。而这种深刻的就业性别歧视，使女大学生在男大学生面前绝对的劣势。这种就业性别歧视，深刻地影响着劳动力市场中用人单位的员工招聘、培训及提升等一系列的政策建构。然而，女大学生所遭受的性别歧视及其形成的挫败感，在促使她们形成无法明言的隐痛时，也使其主体性的抗争总是以沉默、消极的方式呈现，进而助长了性别歧视的市场作为大行其道。可见，这种由整个社会结构建构出来的性别歧视是当前女大学生就业难的最深层次原因。不过，除此之外，本次调查也进一步发现，湖北省女大学生就业难的原因是多方面的，以下我们重点以就业难的主客体因素、地理环境、政策环境和法律规定四个方面展开剖析。（一）主客体因素：女大学生的主体性因素和用人单位的雇用策略等客观因素（二）地理环境：导致女大学生本地就业吸纳能力低下（三）政策环境：政府引导与干预省内用人单位雇佣女大学生的公共政策欠缺（四）法律法规环境：对女大学生就业的制度支持缺失和力度不够总之，女大学生就业难有其深层次的根源，而此种现象不仅仅使女大学生个人职能发展受到了限制，同时也使国家整体人力资源遭到损失，尤其是女大学生所建构的“第二性”自我的后果是严重的。因此，潜藏在社会不平等下的“女大学生就业难”问题值得我们去关切、了解，也值得我们花更多的成本投入到“女大学生就业难”的纠偏及解决之道的探索中。三、缓解女大学生就业歧视与就业难的对策研究（一）优惠政策弥补地缘劣势，用制度留住女大学毕业生。一是设立“公平就业委员会”，制定硬性指标。二是规定选送西部大学生中女性人才比例。三是在税收与小额贷款中对招收女大学生的企业予以优惠并鼓励女大学生自主创业。四是建立“促进女大学生就业基金”。建立完善的社会保障体制和政府促进机制对女大学生就业意义重大，建立“促进女大学生就业基金”应是重要的渠道。（二）先建立女大学生就业生育保险补偿制度。如前所述，用人单位不愿招录女大学生的主要原因是女大学生面临的生育问题所带来的用人成本加大。为了解决该问题，我们可以考虑率先解决女大学毕业生的生育保险费和劳动保护费在全省统筹。（三）在全国率先制订《反就业歧视条例》。从长远来看，我们应当大力发展经济，增加就业岗位，完善就业扶持。就业是民生之本，创业是就业之源，就业最终需要通过工作岗位的创造而得以解决。第一，确立和完善公平就业委员会的职能体系。第二，规定歧视者的法律责任。第三，给予被歧视者权利救济。第四，加大执法监督力度。（四）建立能够有效提高女大学生就业竞争力的社会服务支持网络女大学生在面对社会中存在的强大的性别歧视的时候，是孤立无缘的，无法进行主体抗争，并争取平等的就业机会和权利。因此，在改变外部环境的同时，应建立一个全方位、多层次、有针对性的社会服务支持网络，以帮助作为就业主体的女大学生提高就业竞争力。相信有了上述各种社会服务的支持和帮助，女大学生就可以提升自己的人力资本，提高就业竞争力，充分发挥主观能动性，并以雄厚的实力，参与到激烈的就业竞争中，以获得较高的就业成功率。【参考文献】[1]陈雁：“女大学生就业中的‘性别歧视’辨析”，《思想理论教育》，2004年第1期[2]黄娟：“男女平等就业的法律思考——从女大学生的就业歧视谈起”，《理论学刊》，2004年第4期[3]高小君 沈放：“关于女大学生就业权的法律救济”，《沈阳师范大学学报（社会科学版）》，2006年第1期[4]李文喜 李光红：“关于女大学生就业问题的思考”，《黑龙江高教研究》，2005年第2期[5]卢美芬：“大学生就业中的性别歧视与纠治对策”，《中华女子学院山东分院学报》，2002年第1期[6]罗萍 苏娜：“武汉地区女大学生个体特征与就业意愿相关分析”，《妇女研究论丛》，2002年第1期[7]马于强：“女大学生就业面临的困境及对策研究”，《黑龙江高教研究》，2004年第6期[8]史雯婷：“上海市女大学生就业取向调查报告”，《教育发展研究》，2005年第3期[9]孙艳平：“论就业中的反性别歧视”，《桂海论丛》，2004年第1期[10]王小波：“大学生劳动力市场入口处的性别差异与性别歧视——关于‘女大学生就业难’的一个实证分析”，《青年研究》，2002年第9期[11]许泽玮 周琳凯：“如何完善女大学生就业保障体系”，《中国改革报》，2005年6月20日[12]叶文振：“女大学生就业问题及其对策”，《中国妇女报》，2005年10月25日[13]易莉：“女大学生就业难：内因分析及对策研究”，《青年探索》，2004年第1期[14]赵银侠：“制约女大学生就业的社会结构性因素探析”，《南京社会科学》，2003年第11期One hundred party knowledgeThe current and future periods, the development of the party staff's work principle is: "adhere to the standards, and ensure the quality, improve the structure, Shen heavy development." this is according to the temporary task and team members, facing the party, and the experience of the development of party work since the founding of new China, put forward the basic lessons. The meaning of this policy is to show the party members must strictly adhere to the provisions of the constitution of the party standard, and ensure the quality of new party members, and should help to gradually improve the structure by team members, all to improve the quality of Party members, improve the fighting capacity of the party, strengthen the party in the whole society and influence cohesion.The development of party work "sixteen words" policy, is an organic whole of dialectical unity, to fully understand and grasp the "Kennedy. Adhere to the standard" refers to the development of Party members must strictly adhere to the provisions of the constitution of the Party member standard, not lower standards or other standards. "Quality assurance", is to correctly handle the number of fingers with the quality of work, relationships, need and possibility, put quality first. "Improve structure", refers to the development of new party members to pay attention to reasonable structure, gradually improve the structure and distribution of Party members of the team, and to better play the role. "The party carefully". Is a must adhere to the individual absorption The principle of the development of a mature one, and strictly perform in the admission procedure, to prevent the Party member does not have the conditions of the people absorbed into the party. In the development of party work, it must understand correctly and comprehensively implement the "twenty-six words" policy, and avoid one sidedness and blindness, to ensure that work normally.The Communist Party is the working class with communist consciousness of the vanguard fighters are materialists and no atheists. The Communist Party only faith Ma Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiao Xiaoping theory and "Three Represents" important thought, not religion. On religion or have a strong religious feelings of the people can not develop to join the party.China is a multi-ethnic country, the common belief on ethnic minority areas, to participate in some people with ethnic customs and religious activities. In order not to distinguish from the masses, and just respect the national custom, in addition to some traditional funeral ceremony and the masses festival activities, should not be regarded as a religious faith to participate in religious activitiesThe chapter states: over 18 years old China workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals and sub sub advanced elements of other social strata China can apply to join the Communist Party.This is because: stating that 18 is the age limit for the party, because of a general, one to 18 weeks old to adult, can have a really determined political judgment, have the ability to force established their political beliefs and personal life ambition. At the same time, the provisions of the constitution apply please join the party people must have Chinese nationality citizens, foreigners will not be workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals and knowledge of other social strata to the advanced elements.The condition is applied to join the party constitution first stipulation: "over the age of eighteen China workers, farmers, soldiers, intellectuals and other advanced elements of his class, that program and constitution of the party, the party is willing to participate in an organization and in which work actively, carry out party resolutions and schedule accept pay Party membership dues, may join the Communist Party of China China application." this is the minimum requirement of Party members.The "recognition of the party's program and constitution" for the party. Please condition because the Communist Party is to China is the creed of the party and the constitution as the basis, in accordance with the unified organization of democratic centralism woven together, is highly consistent. On the thought political revolutionaries from the composition of the combat team may not. Is a simple combination of individual members.The party's program and regulations stipulate the nature of the party, the guiding ideology of the party, the party in the basic line in the primary stage of socialism, the ultimate goal of the party and the party's self construction of the basic requirements, it is the highest standards of ideological unity in the party's actions. At the same time, the party's program and chapter charter regulate the political life of the party, the unity of the whole Party action and the handling of personal and group organization, the basic norms of the relationship between the organization and the organization. This platform, the nature and function of the party constitution, the party is decided it is established, the foundation of survival and development. The recognition program, the party is in the mind, politics, organization, action. The premise of the same height. If the party does not recognize the awakening and abide by the party's program and constitution, each line is the party will, from the ideological, political and organizational collapse. So the Party Constitution stipulates that each joining the party everyone must admit the party program and constitution.In an organization of the party, the Communist Party members must refer to a branch of the Department into the party, group or a specific organization, and the organizational life in which, accept supervision of the party. In this issue, Lenin Martov launched a fierce struggle to fight. Martov advocated just admit party Manifesto and constitution don't have to attend a party organization, Party members can do, what each of the strikers can even put forward the "name" party. Lenin firmly opposed to this claim, he believes the party members should not only admit party principle, constitution, an organization and must participate in the party. Only in this way can the party become free the production of advanced class The organization of the army team, formed a strong fighting collective body, shoulder the great historical mission. If the party that does not participate in the program, the chapter of the party organization, the party will become a distraction for the club.The party has the obligation to undertake allocation, party organization work, and try to do it well. The party organization work assigned, including the political work of the party and the party's mass work. For example, in Party organizations at all levels of leadership, participation in Party education, contact the Department in the work of the masses and the promotion of the mass transfer work, participate in the development of party work, participate in various mass organizations work and social work. The party organization should root according to the specific circumstances, to each party member assigned to suitable jobs, and to inspect and guide. Each party must consciously accept the party organization and complete the assigned tasks. Active play Exemplary vanguard role of Party members.The party's decision, is the achievement of the overall objectives of the party, the general task, in a certain period of time, for a job or something, or by Party Congress Party Congress or the Party committee collective discussion, all members must carry out the party's decisions are matters. The collective wisdom of the Communist party, reflects the party and the interests of the vast majority of Party members, party the success of the party's cause. If there is a different meaning for the party's resolution can be retained or to higher Party organizations until the central reflect, but the action will not have to perform take the required attitude. And each one takes what he needs but if Each party can go their own way, so party unity would suffer bad, there would be no party fighting. So, applicant for Party membership to carry out the party's resolution is necessary. It does not follow the party's resolution are not allowed to become party members.Because party members pay membership dues are party members care for the career of the party, the party's economic aid, is also a party has organized logo ideas. At the same time, according to pay membership dues, not just party organizations to pay some money, but also cultivate a sense of organization of various means of Party members, and more is the party with strong strong party spirit and strict performance requirements. The organization, Party comrades should fully understand the importance of pay membership dues, was approved as a probationary member, consciously according to certain standard pay dues.The Constitution also stipulates that if the party fails to pay dues, should be subject to serious criticism and education, even to give disciplinary action necessary. Party member if there is no legitimate reason not to pay dues for 66 consecutive months, is considered to be self defections, should make the decision of branch congress and approved by the higher Party organizations must this guidance, Party members removed.The requirements of each party membership will must be given to the party. Please apply for applicants for Party membership application please book is written into the party, in order to show that the political party organizations choose their solemn party organization, to learn about your own beliefs and requirements, to facilitate the party organization investigation to self consciousness land, education and training.Is the party application form to the applicant for Party membership to the party organizations to express their wishes, strictly speaking, no fixed format. But the general should include the following basic contents: why do you want to join the party, mainly write about their own understanding of the party and the motivation of joining the party machine; their political beliefs, grow through experience and thought, work, study, work style and other aspects of the situation. The Party of the party. His attitude towards how to actively seek to join the party organization, the expression of determination and future work have the requirements to join the party, learning, life and other aspects of the plan.In general, the party should join the party request by the applicant to the Party Organization formally submit a written application to join the party. So the request, because Chinese is the Communist Party is the realization of communism will be as a political group for their ultimate goal. Each of the group members, should consciously to do whatever on when and where to take the interests of the individual to obey the party and the people's interests, not out of difficulties and hardships, not afraid of bloodshed, as for the implementation of the party's programme of work actively to establish a life-long struggle for the cause of communism. The Party comrades, is a very serious matter. Apply to join the party meaning A well prepared for a member of the Communist Party's responsibility, in the time of the party and the people need, can hesitate to sacrifice yourself everything. It is not a constant emotional impulse, also no half little force and force, must adhere to the principle of completely Kennedy. Only willing to applicant for Party membership after serious consideration into account, directly apply to the party organization, in order to truly express their political pursue and determination. On the other hand, with the continuous progress of the society, people's cultural level unceasing enhancement, the general situations, party people have written our party wishes to Ability. Therefore, applicants for Party membership to submit a written application to the party organization, as well as Zhuang serious, is fully able to do that.Write an application to join the party, please apply for Party membership to the party that he has joined the party's desire and determination. On this very serious one thing, write the party application Shen people should pay attention to the following questions: (1): to seriously study the party constitution and relevant basic knowledge of the party, to truly understand the solution party. Based on the full understanding of the party, a comprehensive understanding of the party, solemnly made his political choice, establish the correct motivation to join the party party. On this basis, to contact the Department of actual thinking about their understanding of the party, to the party organization to heart, should not just copy the copy books, not to talk about real thoughts ((2). To be honest and loyal to the party, truthfully report to the party since. Has the political calendar history, I experience, social relations and its impact on their own on the situation, may not conceal or falsify. ((3) applications from the writing I. As a result of low level of education or other special reasons can not personally write to write, by my dictation, please others to write, but to explain himself to self written reasons, and signed by the applicant by stamp or thumbprint to Party organization.Apply to join the party should submit a written application to the general Party organization. This is because in a peaceful environment, the party application please people who generally have certain cultural knowledge, have the ability to write an application to join the party. Membership is a very strict and serious thing, unless you do not have the necessary conditions and ability, the applicant shall be required in the party to the party as written expression of their own will.The man was seriously ill because of membership, low cultural level, residual disability and other reasons, it is difficult to write an application to join the party, either by themselves, please help dictate the other comrades to write. But from writing applications to real expression of the applicant's understanding and attitude toward, and that the applicant can not personally self writing the reason, finally by applicants signature stamp or by hand.An application to join the party is the applicant for Party membership to the party organization to express their requirements to join the party's desire to express their political pursuit and determination for a form. One party is required, after serious consideration into account, is willing, is a serious political choice. Write the party for Shen the book is a very serious matter. Therefore, most of the requirements of the party who everyone write applications look very heavy, in addition to the content to reflect their true thoughts, to express their requirements into the desire to join the party, in the form of think of as beautiful, neat, clear, consistent with this applicants with psychological. In addition, With the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, office automation degree is more and more high, many units have been the real implementation of the paperless office, document processing are operated by computer is. In this case, the party who write requirements in applications with computer printing, should should be allowed to be clear. Is a print, the party application, the applicant must be a signature stamp or thumbprint India. The Party branch must take this off at the receiving party application. This book is both responsible for the party organization, is also responsible for the party in the applicant.The Constitution clearly pointed out that the Communist Party members to "the party faithful honest and consistent". This not only is for every member of the requirements, also apply to join the Party comrades on each request. The so-called "honest", is to be open-minded, bright and Lei, loyal to the party and the people, loyal to the socialist society and the cause of communism, not to resort to deceit, not to conceal their problems, reflect the situation to the party, don't hide their shortcomings and mistakes. This is the basic requirement of each member to join their team Wuwu party.Honesty is decided by the nature of party loyalty to the party. The party except for the workers class and the broad masses of the people's interests, no special interests of their own. For each party comrades must be honest and loyal to the party, this is the new stage of the new century, need economic and strategic objectives the development of the society. The construction of socialist Chinese to each application to join the Party comrades can faithfully faithfully implement the party's line, principles and policies on the needle, thought in politics, the height of the party, consistent action. The party is not one of the table, is not for the party say in words, words and deeds are not A, even playing double faced style. This phenomenon must be resolutely overcome and correct decision, must from the application into the Party comrades. Only the start each party and each application to join the party with Comrade can follow the party will really improve the will of one heart and one mind, the combat effectiveness of the party organization.Be honest and loyal to the party: (11) to conscientiously study Marxism Leninism, Mao Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", study the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, establish a correct outlook on life, overcoming the "honest people suffer" thought Comrade Zhou Enlai once said: "the most intelligent smart people in the world is the most honest people, because only the honest people can have it real and historical test. Only a set of wholehearted service to the people life outlook on life, be willing to tell the truth, do honestly, honest people do consciously, for the realization of communism Righteousness and selfless work. (2) to adhere to the principle, according to Party policy. For a request for the Party comrades, can adhere to the principle, according to the party's policy, is an important symbol to measure him honest and loyal to the party is the party. Therefore, in the matter of principle that is the party's line, principles, policies and other major issues, we must proceed from reality in everything, selfless and fearless, adhere to the principles, and be impartial and, no matter what the circumstances, have been tested, do not damage the party's interests. To dare not tell the truth. Do not tell lies. Truthfully report to the Party Organization Department in all aspects of their situation. Don't be on their own shortcomings, mistakes, but also to take the initiative to speak clearly to the party organizations, consciously put themselves in the supervision and help of the party organization.The party is a dynamic motivation, individual party the subjective reasons, that is to say his inner heart is not what want to join the party.All striving for and actively participate in the molecular China of the Communist Party, must correct motives are correctly solve the problem.. why constitution stipulates that the second party: "China were members of the Communist Party of the working class is Chinese with communist consciousness of the vanguard fighters. China Communist Party members must fully serve the people whole heart. All at the expense of personal sacrifice, for the realization of Communist struggle for life. China forever is a member of the Communist Party of the working people. In addition to laws and regulations within the scope of personal interests and the authority to work at all, Communist Party members must not seek any personal interests and privileges." the provisions of And for all people to volunteer for the party team, must establish a scientific outlook of communism, there must be for the realization of communism struggle to fight, even at the expense of all their determination to have the idea of serving the people wholeheartedly for the people, we must consciously obey the party and the people's interests with a personal interest, suffer first, enjoy, G has been dedication, not the name, not for profit, and definitely not. In all the difficulties and danger, can stand out the heroic struggle. Only with this motivation and persistence to everyone, only may be a true communist. Who do not like people, can not become a member of the Communist Party. To establish the correct motivation of joining the party, and the party organizations and Party members rely on help education, but mainly rely on their own subjective effort.The development of the Party member of the Communist Party of Chinese "work rules (Trial)" provisions: Party activists called through training and education for more than a year later, it can be classified as the development object. The reason is because in such requirements, apply to join the partymanager must clearly express opinions. The fourth chapter risk evaluation and review of the 25th review is responsible for reviewing content of legality, propriety, accuracy, and completeness of information, risk assessment of business. Review of the person responsibleOne hundred party knowledgeThe current and future periods, the development of the party staff's work principle is: "adhere to the standards, and ensure the quality, improve the structure, Shen heavy development." this is according to the temporary task and team members, facing the party, and the experience of the development of party work since the founding of new China, put forward the basic lessons. The meaning of this policy is to show the party members must strictly adhere to the provisions of the constitution of the party standard, and ensure the quality of new party members, and should help to gradually improve the structure by team members, all to improve the quality of Party members, improve the fighting capacity of the party, strengthen the party in the whole society and influence cohesion.The development of party work "sixteen words" policy, is an organic whole of dialectical unity, to fully understand and grasp the "Kennedy. Adhere to the standard" refers to the development of Party members must strictly adhere to the provisions of the constitution of the Party member standard, not lower standards or other standards. "Quality assurance", is to correctly handle the number of fingers with the quality of work, relationships, need and possibility, put quality first. "Improve structure", refers to the development of new party members to pay attention to reasonable structure, gradually improve the structure and distribution of Party members of the team, and to better play the role. "The party carefully". Is a must adhere to the individual absorption The principle of the development of a mature one, and strictly perform in the admission procedure, to prevent the Party member does not have the conditions of the people absorbed into the party. In the development of party work, it must understand correctly and comprehensively implement the "twenty-six words" policy, and avoid one sidedness and blindness, to ensure that work normally.The Communist Party is the working class with communist consciousness of the vanguard fighters are materialists and no atheists. The Communist Party only faith Ma Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiao Xiaoping theory and "Three Represents" important thought, not religion. On religion or have a strong religious feelings of the people can not develop to join the party.China is a multi-ethnic country, the common beli