Unit,07,Looking,into,the,Future,知识点总结,-2020-2021学年高一英语春季辅导讲义(人教版2020)

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 Unit 07 Looking into the Future

 一、常见短语 combine 的常用短语

 combine into... 联合成 combine...with... 把…与…结合起来 be combined with… 与…结合/联合 instant 的常用短语 in an instant 立即 马上 for an instant 暂时 一时 一瞬间

  the instant (that)… 一... 就…(充当连词)

 absence 的常用短语 in /during the absence of in one’s absence

 leave of absence 请假,准假 absence of mind 神不集中,心不在焉 absence from school 缺课

 switch 的常用短语 switch off 关上(电灯、电视等)

 switch on 打开(电灯、电视等)

 switch from…to... 从…转变为… switch through(把电话)接到(某分机)接过来 make a switch 进行改变 persuade 的常用短语

 persuade sb to do sth persuade/talk sb into doing sth

  persuade sb not to do sth persuade/talk sb out of doing sth

 try to persuade sb to do sth 尽力劝说某人做某事 preference/prefer 的常用短语 have a preference for 偏爱 喜爱 give preference to 给…以优惠 优待 in preference to 优先于…

 preter doing sth 宁愿/更喜欢做某事 prefer to do sth 宁愿/更喜欢做某事 prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事

 prefer sth/doing…to sth/doing... 喜欢某物/做胜过某物/做

 二、易混词(组)辨析 1. combine, connect, join, unite 易混词 区别 combine “结合,联合”,指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起 connect “连接”,指用东西把两个事物连到一起,或两个事物直接相连,二者仍保持原状 join “连接”,指用线、绳、桥等把两个事物或两地连接起来,和 connect 意思相近,也可指两事物互相紧密相接 unite “联合”,指两种以上的事物结合为一体,强调结合后的统一性 2. besides, except, except for, apart from 易混词 区别 besides 意为“除了…之外(还有)”,有肯定的附加意义。表示在整体中加上一部分,除去的部分也包括在内 except 意为“除了…之外”,表示在整体中减去一部分,除去的部分不包括在内 except for 意为“除…之外”,用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思 apart from 具有多重意思,根据不同的语境,既可代替 besides,也可代替 except 或 except for

 当…不在时 缺乏…时 说服某人做某事 说服某人不做某事

 3. hence, therefore, thus, so ① hence adv. 因此,表示因果关系,后可跟从句也可跟名词。

 A better working environment improves people’s performance and hence productivity. 好的工作环境能改善人的表现,从而提高生产率。

 ② therefore adv. 因此,表示因果关系,可跟从句,但不跟名词。其前必须有分号或破折号隔开或与 and 连用,才能构成并列分句。

 It rained; therefore the game was called off. 下雨了,因此比赛取消了。

 Therefore, never give up whatever happens. 因此,无论发生什么事都不要放弃。

 We do not have enough money, and therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.

 我们没有足够的钱,因而买不起这辆新车。

 ③ so conj. 因此,可独立引导并列分句。

 He was sick, so they were quiet. 他病了,所以他们很安静。

 It happened that there was a doctor on the plane, so the old man was savedz. 碰巧飞机上有个医生,因此这个老人得救了。

 ④ thus adv. 因此。

 a. 和 therefore 的用法一样。

 There has been no rain—thus, the crops are drying. 天没下雨,因此庄稼要枯死了。

 b. 现在分词做结果状语时,表示伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上 thus,谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。

 He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。

 三、 常见句型与表达 1. It took/will take/was/will be + 一段时间 + before 从句(...之后才...)

 It will be five years before we meet again. 五年之后,我们才能再相见。

 2. It + be + not + long + before 从句(...不久就...)

  It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就意识到了处境的危险。

 3. on the one hand...on the other hand...(一方面…另一方面…)

 该句型表达不同的、对立的两个方面的观点。

 4. for one thing... for another (thing)…(首先…其次…)

 该句型陈述一个事物的两方面,且两方面的情况通常表示并列。

 I want to stay at the hotel. For one thing it is near the sea; for another (thing) it costs less. 我想住在这家宾馆,一则它靠近海边,二则花费少。

 5. rather than(而不是)

 rather than 连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式以及动词等。但需注意以下几点:

 ① rather than 连接两个并列不定式时,rather than 之后的不定式可省略 to。

 ② rather than 连接两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在

 人称和数上保持一致。

 ③ would rather do...than do... = would do...rather than do…宁愿做...而不愿做…

 To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points. 读一个折线图时,重要的是要把重点放在交叉点上,而不是放在各点之间的线段上。

 I would rather stay at home than go shopping on such a humid day. 在这样潮湿的天气里,我宁愿待在家里,也不愿去购物。

 What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working. 我们期待你努力工作,而不是几乎不工作。

 注:“名词/代词 + together with/(along)with/as well as/but/ rather than/like + 名词/代词”做主语时,谓语动词应和前面的名词/代词在人称和数上保持一致。

 6. it 做形式宾语的常见结构 ① “动词 + 形式宾语 it + 宾补 +(for sb)+ 真正的宾语” 针对该结构,需要掌握以下几个要点:

 * 6 个常见动词:make, believe, think, find, consider, feel * 宾补的两种常见形式:形容词和名词 * 真正宾语的常见形式:不定式(短语),动名词(短语),从句。用动名词(短语)形式做真正宾语时,宾补通常是 no use,no good 等。

 * 当真正的宾语是不定式时,不定式有自身的逻辑主语,该主语的出现形式为 for sh/sth,真正的宾语是其他形式时,不会出现 for sh/sth 情况。

 No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里,他早饭前外出散步已经成为常规。

 I remember I made it clear to you that you shouldn’t be late again. 我记得我向你明确表示过你不该再迟到。

 Nobody can make it possible that water replaces oil. 没有人能使水取代油。

 ② “enjoy/like/ hate/appreciate/…+it+ if/ when…”

 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌人们满口食物说话。

 ③ “see to it that…”,“depend on it that... ”,“take it for granted that...”等

 四、语法精解 1. 定语从句的关系代词只能用 that 的情况 ① 当先行词为 everything, anything, nothing, something, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词时,只能用 that。

 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事都已经做了。

 ② 当先行词被 the only, the very (就是那个),all, much, few, any, little, no 修饰时,只能用 that。

 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想要买的字典。

 ③ 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that。

 The first place that they visited in London was the Elizabeth Tower. 他们在伦敦游览的第一个地方是伊丽莎白塔。

 ④ 先行词既有人又有物时,只能用 that。

 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 你还记得我们了解到的那个科学家及他的理论吗? ⑤ 当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时,为避免重复要用 that。

 Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那边的那个男人是谁? ⑥ 有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用 which,另一个宜用 that。

 They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environmental protection.

 他们已经成立了一个公司,与环境保护有关的事情打交道。

 ⑦ 当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词也在定语从句中做表语时,只能用 that。

 Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be. 杭州这个城市不再是以前那个样子了。

 2. which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 ① which 引导的从句不能放在主句前,而 as 引导的从句放在主句之前、主句之后或主句中间均可以,通常用逗号与主句隔开。

 ② 用作关系代词时,as 和 which 都可以指代一个句子,但 as 有“正如;就像”之意,which则没此含义。

 ③ as 常用于以下结构(引导非限制性定语从句)

 as (it) was said earlier 正如早先所说 as is known to all = as we all know 众所周知;正如我们都知道的 as is reported 正如所报道的 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的 as everybody/you can see 正如人们/你所见 as is mentioned above 正如以上提到的 as is often the case 这是常有的事情

 As you mentioned, making as much money as possible is not the goal of this blog. 如同你所提到的,这个博客的目标并不是为了赚尽可能多的钱。

 As is known to all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being hurt. 众所周知鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用, 因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。

 As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control. 小男孩总是很活泼好动,很难控制,这是常见的情况。

 There was a bank around here, as I remember. 我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。

 3. 将来进行时 ① 定义 表示最近的将来正在进行的动作或说话人设想已经安排好的事情。

 ② 构成(第一人称用 shall 或 will,第二、三人称用 will)

 肯定句:主语 + shall/will be + 现在分词 We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minute. 我们将在 16 分钟后在巴黎降落。

 Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute.

 快!客人就要来了 否定句:主语 + shall/will not be + 现在分词 Anyhow, you won’t be playing for the next few Saturday. 无论如何,后面几个星期六你不许再玩了。

 疑问句:Shall/Will + 主语 + be + 现在分词?

 —Will you be remaining in the city? —Yes, I shall be (remaining in the city).

 —你会留在这个城市吗?—是的,我会(留在这个城市)。

 —ill they be coming this way? —No, they won’t be (coming this way). —他们会顺着这条路来吗?—不,他们不会(从这条路来)。

 特殊疑问句:疑问代词/副词 + shall/will + 主语 + be + 现在分词?

 —What time will she be arriving? —She will be arriving at about 8: 30 tomorrow morning. —她将什么时候到达?—她明天上午大约 8 点半到达。

 ③ 用法 i 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。

 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 你明天这个时间将做什么?

 A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years’ time. 航天器 5 年后将绕木星飞行。

 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。

 ii 将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。

 I will be seeing you next week.

 我下个星期来看你。

 I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。

 We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦。

 We’ll be spending the winter in Australia. 我们将在澳大利亚过冬。

 iii 将来进行时表示委婉语气。

 Will you be having some tea? 喝点茶吧?

 Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗? 试比较:

 When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件?(上司对下属)

 When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么时候会见到怀特先生?(下属对上司)

 iv 与一般将来时连用,表稍后的安排。

 My duties will end in July and I will be returning to New York in the USA.

 我的工作将在七月结束,之后我将回美国纽约。

 I’ll call him today and he will be excepting you.

 我今天先给他打电话,然后他就会等你。

 ④ 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 i 两者基本用法不一样:将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作;一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。

 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?

 What will you do tomorrow? 你明天做什么? ii 两者均可表示将来,但用将来进行时语气更委婉,试比较:

 When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还钱?(似乎在直接讨债)

 When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢?(委婉地商量)

 iii 有时一般将来中的 will 含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈论未来情况。

 Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)

 Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)

 五、写作指导( 如何写想象类作文)

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 1. 技巧点拨 想象类作文是一种创造型写作,属于开放式作文的一种。此类作文一般会给学生一定的素材或主题,多属于提纲类作文的范畴 要写好想象类作文,需做到以下几点:

 ① 观察生活,表现生活。想象不是胡编乱造,要源于实际生活。只有熟悉生活,仔细地观察生活,才能有想象的原材料

 ② 明确中心,展开想象。动笔写想象类作文之前要先明确中心,即写作目的。在这个基础上列出提纲,写出主题句。写主题句时要注意:一个段落只能有一个主题句;主题句必须精练、具体化;尽可能选择恰当、高级的关键词概括自己的观点和看法。

 ③ 想象“美好”,立意深刻。想象类作文必须要有一个“美好”的中心思想。如果只是瞎编一个热闹离奇的故事就失去了想象的意义。

 ④ 前后照应,符合逻辑。不管允许想象的空间有多大,都要做到符合逻辑,条理清晰,这一点对于写好此类文章尤其重要。

 ⑤ 语言规范,表达地道。选用自己熟悉的词汇和句型进行表达,如 will, probably, possibly, maybe, likely, may, might, could, would, It’s possible/probable/likely that…, I often dream about..., Perhaps we will be able to…等都是此类作文中常用的。

 2. 词汇积累 with the development of... 随着…的发展 look forward to 盼望 imagination 想象(力) make an exact prediction about 对…作出准确的预测 wonderful and colourful life 多姿多彩的生活 3. 常用表达 ① 开头部分

 It is really difficult for me to make predictions about the future.

 The future life is beyond my imagination.

 Welcome to the future by the time machine... ② 主体部分

 With the development of science..., our life will be surely... In the future more and more...will appear.

 People will lead a carefree life. The living environment will be cleaner and more satisfactory.

 ③ 结尾部分

 This is the life that I am looking forward to.

 The future life will come true sooner or later.

 What an amazing trip to the moon!

 4. 写作模板 Life in the future With the development of science and technology, our life in the future will surely become...

  In the future, more...will appear, and people will... The life in the future will also be... More...will be invented. Different... are used to...will replace...because they are more efficient and are accepted by more people.

  In the future there will be no..., and everyone will enjoy a happy life. At that time people will have more means of… For example, ...All in all, people will lead a...life in the future.

 This is the future life that I dream of.

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