白皮书中国政府白皮书中英文对照

　 中国政府白皮书 中国一贯以负责任的态度积极推动知识产权保护工作，在坚持遵循知识产权国际保护规 则的同时，按照国情确定相应的知识产权保护水平，努力平衡知识产权创造者、应用者与社 会公众之间的利益关系，使知识产权的创造与应用形成良性循环。

　China has always adopted a responsible attitude to actively promoting IPR protection. While adhering to the international rules on IPR protection, China has decided on a level of IPR protection appropriate for its own national situation, and made great efforts to balance the interests among intellectual property creators, users and the general public, so as to create a benign circle for the creation and use of intellectual property. 多年来，在全社会的共同努力下，中国保护知识产权取得重大进展。

　Major progress has been made on IPR protection in China over the past years thanks to concerted efforts made by people from all walks of life. ——建立健全符合国际通行规则、门类比较齐全的法律法规体系。上世纪 80 年代以来， 国家颁布实施了《中华人民共和国专利法》、《中华人民共和国商标法》、《中华人民共和 国著作权法》和《计算机软件保护条例》、《集成电路布图设计保护条例》、《著作权集体 管理条例》、 《音像制品管理条例》 《植物新品种保护条例》 《知识产权海关保护条例》、 、 、 《特殊标志管理条例》、 《奥林匹克标志保护条例》等涵盖知识产权保护主要内容的法律法 规， 并颁布一系列相关的实施细则和司法解释， 使中国知识产权保护的法律法规体系不断趋 于完善。为对知识产权实行切实有效的法律保护，2001 年中国加入世界贸易组织前后，对 知识产权保护相关法律法规和司法解释进行了全面修改， 在立法精神、 权利内容、 保护标准、 法律救济手段等方面更加突出促进科技进步与创新的同时， 做到了与世界贸易组织 《与贸易 有关的知识产权协议》以及其他知识产权保护国际规则相一致。

　- A relatively complete system of laws and regulations that covers a wide range of subjects and is in line with generally accepted international rules has been established and keeps improving. Since the 1980s, the state has promulgated and put into effect a number of laws and regulations covering the major contents in IPR protection. These include the "Patent Law of the People's Republic of China," "Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China," "Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China," "Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software," "Regulations on the Protection of Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits," "Regulations on the Collective Management of Copyright," "Regulations on the Management of Audio-Video Products," "Regulations on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants," "Regulations on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights by the Customs," "Regulations on the Protection of Special Signs," and "Regulations on the Protection of Olympic Logos." China has also promulgated a series of relevant rules for the implementation of these laws and regulations, and their legal interpretation. As a result, the system of laws and regulations on IPR protection in China has been continuously improved. In 2001, around the time when China was admitted into the WTO, in order to provide effective legal protection to IPR, the country made comprehensive revisions to the laws and regulations regarding IPR protection and their legal interpretation. While 1

　more emphasis is given to promoting the progress of science and technology and innovation with regard to legislative intent, content of rights, standards of protection and means of legal remedy, the revisions brought the laws and regulations into conformity with the WTO's "Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights" and other international rules on IPR protection. ——建立健全协调、高效的工作体系和执法机制。在知识产权保护实践中，中国形成了 行政保护和司法保护“两条途径、并行运作”的知识产权保护模式。在中国，有多个部门分别 履行保护知识产权的职能，主要包括国家知识产权局、国家工商行政管理总局、新闻出版总 署、国家版权局、文化部、农业部、国家林业局、公安部、海关总署、最高人民法院、最高 人民检察院等。多年来，这些部门在各自领域开展了卓有成效的工作。为进一步加大知识产 权保护力度，2004 年中国成立了以国务院副总理为组长的国家保护知识产权工作组，负责 统筹协调全国知识产权保护工作。

　国家保护知识产权工作组办公室设在商务部， 承担工作组 日常工作。

　- A coordinated and efficient work system and a law enforcement mechanism have been established and improved. In its practice of IPR protection, a two-way parallel protection mode, namely, administrative and judicial protection, has emerged in China. Several departments in China are assigned with the duty to protect IPR. They include primarily the State Intellectual Property Office, State Administration for Industry and Commerce, Press and Publication General Administration, State Copyright Bureau, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Agriculture, State Forestry Administration, Ministry of Public Security, General Administration of Customs, Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate. For many years these departments have done effective work in their respective fields. To further strengthen IPR protection, in 2004 China established the State IPR Protection Work Team headed by a vice-premier of the State Council, responsible for planning and coordinating the work regarding IPR protection throughout the country. Its office, located in the Ministry of Commerce, handles the routine work of the team. 近年来，国家加强了行政执法机关与公安机关、人民检察院保护知识产权的工作联系。

　2000 年 10 月，有关部门共同下发《关于在查处侵犯知识产权违法犯罪案件工作中加强协作 配合的通知》，就查处侵犯知识产权犯罪涉及的协作配合问题作出明确规定。2001 年 7 月， 国务院发布《行政执法机关移送涉嫌犯罪案件的规定》，就行政执法机关向公安机关及时移 送涉嫌犯罪案件作出明确规定。2004 年 3 月，有关部门又联合下发《关于加强行政执法机 关与公安机关、人民检察院工作联系的意见》，初步建立起行政执法与刑事执法相衔接配合 的工作机制， 形成打击侵犯知识产权违法犯罪活动的合力， 有效保证涉嫌犯罪案件及时进入 刑事司法程序。近年来，司法机关依法审理了一大批侵犯知识产权的各类案件，知识产权民 事案件中被侵犯人的经济损失及时得到赔偿，侵犯知识产权的违法犯罪行为得到有效打击。

　In recent years, the state has increased work contacts between administrative law enforcement organs and public security organs and people's procuratorates with respect to IPR protection. In October 2000, the relevant departments jointly issued the "Notice on Strengthening Cooperation and Coordination in the Work of Investigating and Dealing with Criminal Cases that Infringe Intellectual Property Rights," which contains clear provisions on relevant issues. In July 2001, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Organs," which includes clear provisions on how the administrative law enforcement organs should transfer suspected criminal cases to public security organs in a timely fashion. In March 2004, the relevant departments jointly issued the "Opinions 2

　on Increasing Work Contacts between Administrative Law Enforcement Organs and Public Security Organs and People's Procuratorates." A work mechanism involving the coordination of administrative law enforcement and criminal law enforcement has been established, creating a joint power to deal with IPR infringements. This ensures that suspected criminal cases enter the judicial process promptly. In recent years, the judicial organs have adjudicated a large number of IPR infringement cases according to law. In civil cases, the infringed parties have received timely compensation for their financial losses, and IPR-related crimes have been effectively combated. ——加大知识产权保护的行政执法力度。随着知识产权保护法律制度的逐步完善，中国 知识产权保护工作重点逐渐由立法转向执法， 通过日常监管与专项治理相结合， 加大知识产 权保护的行政执法力度。2004 年 8 月，中国政府决定从 2004 年 9 月到 2005 年 8 月，在全 国范围内组织开展为期一年的保护知识产权专项行动。

　2005 年 3 月 31 日国务院召开的全国 整顿和规范市场经济秩序电视电话会议，决定把保护知识产权专项行动延期到 2005 年底。

　按照统一部署，各有关部门在商标权、著作权、专利权保护等重点领域，在货物进出口、各 类展会和商品批发市场等重点环节， 在制假售假相对集中地方等重点地区， 以查处重大侵权 案件作为突破口，积极行动，严格执法，打击侵犯知识产权的违法分子，取得积极成效。

　Administrative law enforcement has been strengthened in IPR protection. As gradual improvements are made in the legal system on IPR protection, China has shifted its focus from legislation to law enforcement. Administrative law enforcement has been enhanced through the combination of routine management and supervision with special crackdown campaigns. In August 2004, the Chinese government decided to launch a special one-year campaign to protect IPR across the country from September 2004 to August 2005. It was decided at the national TV and telephone conference on rectification and standardization of the market economic order convened by the State Council on March 31, 2005 that the campaign was extended to the end of 2005. With unified planning, the relevant departments have investigated and dealt with major IPR infringement cases, focusing on major fields in the protection of trademark rights, copyrights and patent rights, on major links in the import and export of goods, all types of exhibitions and wholesale markets of commodities, and on key places where producers and sellers of counterfeit goods were known to be concentrated. Their quick action and strict law enforcement efforts have dealt a blow on IPR offenders, achieving positive result ——努力提高全社会的知识产权意识。中国政府高度重视知识产权的宣传普及工作。从 2004 年开始，国家将每年 4 月 20 日至 26 日确定为“保护知识产权宣传周”，利用报刊、电 视、广播、互联网等各种媒体，通过举办研讨会、知识竞赛以及制作公益广告等多种形式， 在全社会开展知识产权保护宣传教育活动，形成尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造 的良好社会氛围，提高广大公众的知识产权意识。

　- Efforts are being made to heighten the awareness of the general public about IPR. The Chinese government attaches great importance to publicity concerning IPR. Beginning in 2004, the state designated the week from April 20 to 26 every year as the "week for publicizing the importance of IPR protection." By making wide use of newspapers, magazines, television, radio and the Internet, and through holding seminars and knowledge contests, and making public interest advertisements, the government carries out publicity and education among the general public regarding IPR protection. The aim is to create a social atmosphere in which labor, 3

　knowledge, talent and creation are respected, and heighten the awareness of the general public regarding IPR. ——积极履行知识产权国际保护义务。中国积极参加国际保护知识产权的主要公约和条 约。自 1980 年加入世界知识产权组织后，中国相继加入《保护工业产权巴黎公约》、《专 利合作条约》、《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物菌种保藏布达佩斯条约》、《工业品外观 设计国际分类洛迦诺协定》、《商标国际注册马德里协定》、《商标注册用商品和服务国际 分类尼斯协定》 《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》 、 、 、 《国际植物新品种保护公约》、《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》、《世界版权公约》和 《保护录音制品制作者防止未经许可复制其录音制品公约》等 10 多个国际公约、条约、协 定或议定书。

　- Actively fulfilling the international obligations to protect IPR. China has taken an active approach to joining major international conventions and agreements on IPR protection. Following its accession to the World Intellectual Property Organization in 1980, China joined in succession more than ten international conventions, treaties, agreements and protocols, such as the "Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property," "Patent Cooperation Treaty," "Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure," "Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs," "Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks," "Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purpose of the Registration of Marks," "Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks," "Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights," "International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants," "Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works," "Universal Copyright Convention," and "Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication." 在严格履行自身所承担的保护知识产权国际义务的同时，中国积极致力于知识产权保护 国际规则的调整与完善，使其有利于世界各国共享科技进步带来的成果和利益。近年来，中 国与其他国家、国际组织和外商投资企业在知识产权领域广泛开展对话、交流与合作。应美 国提议，从 2003 年起中美双方每年举行一次知识产权圆桌会议，至今已举办两届，就有关 知识产权问题达成了广泛共识。2004 年，中欧第一次知识产权对话在北京举行，就有关知 识产权合作事宜达成初步意向。中国各有关部门与多个国家的相应机构和世界知识产权组 织、国际新品种保护联盟等国际组织也建立了良好的合作关系。2003 年 9 月，中国有关部 门建立了与外商投资企业定期沟通协调机制， 每季度召开一次会议， 听取外商投资企业在知 识产权保护方面的意见和建议。

　While strictly executing its international obligations in IPR protection, China has devoted great efforts to adjusting and improving international rules regarding IPR protection in order to let all countries of the world share the fruits and benefits brought about by the progress of science and technology. In recent years, China has held talks, and engaged in exchanges and cooperation with other countries, international organizations and foreign-invested enterprises in the field of IPR. At the suggestion of the United States, starting in 2003, China and the US have held a round-table conference on IPR every year, and reached agreement on many IPR-related issues at the two round-table conferences. In 2004, China and Europe held their first round of talks on IPR in Beijing. Initial agreement was reached between the two sides on matters of cooperation related to 4

　IPR. Relevant Chinese departments have established good cooperative relations with corresponding departments in several countries, and international organizations such as World Intellectual Property Organization and International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. In September 2003, a mechanism was established for regular contact and coordination between relevant Chinese departments and foreign-invested enterprises. Under the mechanism, a meeting is held every three months to solicit comments and suggestions from the foreign-invested enterprises on issues related to IPR protection. 在扶贫开发的过程中，中国政府坚持以经济建设为中心，发展贫困地区的生产力，走开 发式扶贫的道路，通过多种方式和途径，采取综合配套措施，帮助农村贫困人口脱贫。

　In carrying out its aid-the-poor program, the Chinese Government has persistently centered its efforts on economic construction, developing the productive forces of poverty-stricken areas, and combining development with relief. It aims at helping the rural poor to shake off poverty through various ways and channels, and by adopting comprehensive coordinative measures. 坚 持 开 发 式 扶 贫 的 方 针 Adhering to the Policy of Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation 开发式扶贫是对过去传统的分散救济式扶贫的改革与调整，是中国政府农村扶贫政策的 核心和基础。坚持开发式扶贫的方针，就是以经济建设为中心，支持、鼓励贫困地区干部群 众改善生产条件，开发当地资源，发展商品生产，增强自我积累和自我发展能力。

　Providing development-oriented aid to the poor is a reform of and adjustment to the old, traditional way of dispersed relief, forming the core and basis of the Chinese Government's aid-the-rural-poor policy. Adhering to the policy of development-oriented aid means centering efforts on economic construction, supporting and encouraging cadres and ordinary people in poor areas to improve their production conditions, exploit local resources, develop commodity production, and strengthen their ability to accumulate funds and develop by themselves. 开发式扶贫方针主要包括五个方面内容： 第一， 倡导和鼓励自力更生、 艰苦奋斗的精神， 克服贫困农户中普遍存在的"等、*、要"思想。第二，针对贫困地区基础设施薄弱、抵御自 然灾害能力较差的实际情况， 国家安排必要的以工代赈资金， 鼓励、 支持贫困农户投工投劳， 开展农田、水利、公路等方面的基础设施建设，改善生产条件。第三，国家安排优惠的扶贫 专项贴息贷款，制定相关优惠政策，重点帮助贫困地区、贫困农户发展以市场为导向的种植 业、养殖业以及相应的加工业项目，促进增产增收。第四，开展农业先进实用技术培训，提 高贫困农户的科技文化素质，增强自我发展能力。第五，扶贫开发与水土保持、环境保护、 生态建设相结合，实施可持续发展战略，增强贫困地区和贫困农户的发展后劲。

　The policy of development-oriented aid mainly consists of the following five aspects: First, advocating and encouraging the spirit of self-reliance and hard work, and helping poor peasant households overcome the common attitude of "waiting for, relying on and requesting" aid. Second, considering that the poor areas are weak in infrastructure and capability for defense against natural disasters, the state encourages and supports poor peasant households to put labor into the construction of infrastructure, such as farmland, irrigation works and highways, by arranging 5

　necessary work-relief funds, so as to improve the conditions for developing production. Third, the state provides concessional loans for special aid items at discounted interest, and formulates preferential policies, centering on helping the poverty-stricken areas and peasant households develop market-oriented crop cultivation, aquiculture and poultry raising and corresponding processing industries, so as to increase production and incomes. Fourth, conducting training in advanced practical agrotechiques, in order to improve poor peasant households' sci-tech and cultural levels, and strengthening their ability to develop by themselves. Fifth, combining development-oriented aid with soil and water conservation, environmental protection and ecological construction, implementing the strategy of sustainable development, and helping poor areas and peasant households enhance their ability to make further progress. 6