2012-考研英语二历年真题及答案全面解析

　1

　2021 考研英语(二)真题及答案 解析

　Section I Use of English

　It"s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, (1) to understand their negative harder, consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiplecomponents. (2) one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and you"ll (3) see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do peopleget on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to (4) that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are (5). How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.

　Why? Because the target is (6). People complained that buses were late and infrequent. (7), the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were (8) or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they (9) hit cyclists. If the target was changed to (10) you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more (11) drivers who obeyed traffic lawsBut both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another (12): people became immensely inventive in hitting targets Have you (13) that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a (14) is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as two-hour flight. The (15) of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiplecriteria. Choose one criterion and you may well (16) others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a (17) Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria (18)critical factors such as time, money,, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to (19) just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to helppeople better (20) the objective.

　1.A. therefore

　 B. again

　 C. moreover

　 D.however

　2.A. identify

　 B.assess

　 C.emphasize

　 D.explain

　3.A.curiously

　B.quickly

　 C.eagerly

　D. nearly

　4.A.check

　 B.prove

　C. recall

　D.claim

　5.A. threatened

　B.mocked

　C. ignored

　 D. blamed

　6.a. hospitality

　 B.competition

　 C. punctuality

　D.innovation

　7.A.Yet

　 B.Besides

　C.Still

　 D.So

　8.A. rewarded

　B. trained

　C.grouped

　 D.hired

　9.A.rather

　 B.also

　C.once

　 D.only

　10.A.comfort

　 B.efficiency

　 C.security

　D.revenue

　11.A. cautious

　 B.quiet

　C.diligent

　 D. friendly

　12.A. purpose

　 B.prejudice

　C.policy

　D. problem

　13.A. revealed

　B.noticed

　 C.admitted

　D.reported

　14.A.break

　B. departure

　 C. transfer

　D. trip

　15.A.moral

　 B.background

　C.style

　 D.form

　16.A. sacrifice

　B. criticize

　C. tolerate

　D.interpret

　2

　 17.A.secret

　 B.cost

　 C.product

　 D. task

　18.A. relating to

　B. calling for

　 C. accounting for

　D. leading to

　19.A. predict

　B.restore

　C.specify

　 D.create

　20.A. review

　 B. achieve

　 C. present

　D. modify 答案:1-5 DCBAC6-10 CAABD11-15 ADBDB16- 202 ABACB ? Section Reading Comprehension

　Part A

　Directions:

　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],

　[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1

　Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.

　We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review, finds that on average 42 per cent of the core skills" within job roles will change by2022 That is very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future . The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longerdemand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do amassive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy,ultimately retraining18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and In regions where unemployment is high.

　With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February.at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors nurses and other medical personnel.

　Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks, no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned That seems to be the case in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a role . Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context. You can easily imagine a chorus of "you cant do that," because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and using any support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end in disaster. Maybe. Or maybe it is something that can work "ell in Sweden, with its history of co-operation between business, labour and government, but not in North America where our history is very different. Then again, maybe it is akin to wartime, when extraordinary things take place, but it is business as usual after the fact. And yet, as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things, including rapid reskilling, can be done if there is a will to do them. In any case Swedens work force is now more skilled, in more things,and more flexible than it was before.

　Of course, reskilling programs, whether for pandemic needs or the post pandemic world, are expensive and at a time when every ones budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them. Then again,extending income support programs to get us through the next months is expensive, too, to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years Given that, perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic can jump-start us to a place

　3

　where res killing becomes much more than a buzzword 21. Research by the World Economic Forum suggests.

　A. an increase in full-time employment

　B. an urgent demand for new job skills

　C. a steady growth of job opportunities

　D. a controversy about the "core skills"

　22.AT&T is cited to show

　A. an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy

　B.an immediate need for government support

　C. the importance of staff appraisal standards

　D.the characteristics of reskilling program

　23. Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada

　A. have driven up labour costs

　B. have proved to be inconsistent . have met with fierce opposition

　D. have appeared to be insufficient

　24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was.

　A. a call for policy adjustment

　B. a change in hiring practices

　C. a lack of medical workers

　D.a sign of economic recovery

　25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to

　A. Great job vacancies for the unemployed

　B. Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs

　C. Retrain their cabin staff for better services

　D. finance their staff s college education Text 2

　With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in, some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for rather particular reason: Brexit. Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 percent of the food it eats,down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation"s health. Sounds great-but bow feasible is this vision?

　According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds...