高二英语人教版选修8学案课堂探究Unit5Meetingyourancestors—SectionⅠWord版含解析

课堂探究 1．Can you think of the alternatives we would use today? 你能想到我们现在使用的(它们的)替代品吗？ Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？ If you don＇t like the school lunch，you have the alternative of bringing your own. 要是你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以自己带饭。

阅读下列句子，指出画线词的词性及词义 ①There was no alternative route open to her. 她别无选择。

词性：形容词　词义：供选择的 ②We returned to our company by the alternative road. 我们是经其他道路回到公司的。

词性：形容词　词义：其他的 ③They offered a proposal as an alternative to an earlier proposal. 他们提出了一个议案来代替先前的议案。

词性：名词　词义：替代物 考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子，归纳alternative的用法 ④I wanted to go out，but I had no money.I had no alternative to staying at home. 我想出去，可是没钱。我只能待在家里。

归纳：have no alternative to doing sth意为“除了做某事外没有别的办法”，其中to为介词。

⑤We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。

归纳：have no alternative but to_do sth意为“别无选择只好做……”。

⑥The only alternative to it is candles. 它唯一的替代品是蜡烛。

归纳：an alternative to...意为“……的替代品”。

⑦Do you think it is a kind of alternative energy? 你认为它是一种可替代资源吗？ 归纳：alternative energy意为“可替代资源”。

⑧You have the alternative of staying here or leaving us. 你可以选择留在这儿或者离开我们。

归纳：have_the_alternative_of...意为“有……的选择”。

2)辨析：alternative与choice alternative与choice的意思接近，表示“选择”。

①alternative指较严肃的选择，尤其用于两者挑一。

The judge offered him the alternative of a fine or six months in prison. 法官给他提供两种选择：要么交罚款，要么坐六个月的牢。

②choice是普通用词，强调两者以上的选择。

They offered him a choice of jobs. 他们提供了一些工作供他选择。

即学即用 语法填空 1)They offered a proposal as an alternative______ an earlier proposal. 2)She had no alternative but______(ask) for a few days＇ leave. 完成句子 3)______ ______ ______ ______ ______(你有……的选择) marrying or remaining single. 4)There is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______(除了战斗别无选择)． 答案：1)to　2)to ask　3)You have the alternative of　4)no alternative but to fight 2．I＇m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 对不起，打断一下，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？ 这是一个由but连接的并列句，第一个分句是I＇m sorry to interrupt you，第二个分句how could they live here是一个特殊疑问句。

Sorry to interrupt，but there＇s someone to see you. 对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。

The game was interrupted several times by rain. 比赛因下雨中断了几次。

阅读下列句子，指出画线词的词性及词义 ①Don＇t interrupt_me while I am listening to MP4. 当我听MP4的时候，别打断我。

词性：及物动词　词义：打断……讲话 ②Don＇t interrupt.Let him go on.不要打岔。让他继续。

词性：不及物动词　词义：打岔 ③The war interrupted the trade between the two countries. 战争使两国间的贸易中断了。

词性：及物动词　词义：中断 考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子，指出画线词的词性及词义 ④He was impatient of any interruption. 他对任何打扰都感到不耐烦。

词性：名词　词义：中断，打断 2)辨析interrupt和disturb的用法 作“打扰”讲时，interrupt和disturb意思相同，但interrupt侧重“打断，打岔”，含有“使……停止(中断)”的意思。disturb侧重使某人或某物失去正常的状态或导致困难的产生。

His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的演讲总是被掌声中断。

Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩梦妨碍了她的睡眠。

即学即用 语法填空 1)I managed to work for two hours without ______(interrupt)． 2)With the visitors ______(interrupt)，he couldn＇t finish his report on time. 3)The old man put his oars (船桨)in the water and ______(interrupt) the smooth surface of the lake. 完成句子 4)我忙的时候不要打扰我。

Don＇t ______ ______ while I am busy. 5)市内交通被一场暴风雪中断了。

Traffic in the city ______ ______ by a snowstorm. 6)对不起，打扰了，你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗？ I＇m sorry to ______ ______，but could you tell me the way to the hospital? 答案：1)interruption　2)interrupting　3)interrupted　4)interrupt me　5)was interrupted　6)interrupt you 3．So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold. 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷，就住在这些山洞里。

it为从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。It is reasonable to do sth“干某事是合情合理的”。

Let us assume that you are right. 让我们假定你是对的。

I assume you always get up at the same time. 我想你总是在同一时间起床。

阅读下列句子，指出画线单词的含义 ①Scientists assume that there is no animal life on Mars. 科学家们认为火星上没有动物生命。

含义：认为 ②He assumed a look of surprise. 他显出吃惊的样子。

含义：显出 ③You will assume your new duties tomorrow. 明天你将执行新的任务。

含义：开始执行 ④The winner of the election assumed the office of senator. 选举获胜者担任了参议员的职位。

含义：担任 考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子，归纳assume的用法 ⑤We assume him to be innocent before hearing any evidence against him. 在听到对他不利的证词之前，我们假定他是无罪的。

归纳：assume sb/sth to be...意为“假定/假设某人/某事为……”。

⑥It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。

归纳：It_is_assumed_that...意为“……被认为……”。

⑦Assuming that the weather is favourable，farmers will have a bumper harvest. 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。

归纳：assuming that...意为“假设……”。

2)阅读下面的句子，指出画线单词的词性及词义 ⑧We are working on the assumption that we can carry out the plan in a week. 我们在一星期内可以完成计划的假定之下工作着。

词性：名词　词义：假定；
假想 3)辨析assume，guess和imagine (1)assume假设；
设想；
认为。指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。

(2)guess猜测；
猜想。最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。

(3)imagine想象。指毫无根据随意想象，可在脑海中构成明确的、清晰的图像。

He went there regardless of the risk. 他不顾危险地去了那儿。

阅读下列句子，指出与regardless of近义的单词或短语 ①We shall be victorious in spite of difficulties. 不管有什么困难，我们一定会胜利。

近义短语：in_spite_of ②Despite the attacks we held on to the bridge for three days. 我们不顾一次次的进攻，已坚守这座桥三天了。

近义单词：despite 即学即用 语法填空 1)It ______(assume) that you are interested in achieving greater self­awareness. 2)You forced us to act on a false ______(assume)． 3)______(assume)that it is true，what should we do now? 完成句子 4)不管天气怎样，运动会将按时举行。

______ ______ ______ ______，the sports meeting will be held on time. 5)蒂姆继续跑开，不顾我们喊他回来。

Tim continued to run away，______ ______ our shouts to him that he should return. 答案：1)is assumed　2)assumption　3)Assuming　4)Regardless of the weather　5)regardless of 4．It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. 看起来他们像是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥下兽皮。

It is dangerous that a three­year­old boy sharpens a pencil with a knife. 一个三岁的男孩用刀子削铅笔是危险的。

阅读下列句子，指出画线词的词义 ①The outline of the trees sharpened as it grew lighter. 随着天色转亮，树的轮廓变得清晰了。

词义：变得清晰 ②The sea air sharpened our appetites. 海上的空气增进了我们的食欲。

词义：增进 ③She＇s doing a course to sharpen her business skills. 她正在进修，以提高自己的业务技巧。

词义：提高 考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子，指出画线词的词性及词义 ④I cut my finger on a sharp stone. 我的手指被一块锋利的石头划破了。

词性：形容词　词义：锋利的 ⑤Nobody else has a pencil sharpener. 再没有谁有卷笔刀了。

词性：名词　词义：卷笔刀 2)­en是后缀，en­是前缀。

有些名词、形容词前或后加上该词缀后可构成动词，表示“变为”“使有”“变得”“变得有”，如：hearten，strengthen，darken，harden，weaken，ripen，soften，enrich，enlarge等。一些物质名词之后加上该词缀后可构成形容词，表示“由……制作的”，如：wooden，woolen，golden。

Before you cook this kind of vegetable，you must cut it up. 在烹饪这种菜之前，你必须把它切碎。

①Please cut the meat up.＝Please cut up the meat. 请把肉切碎。

归纳：cut up后接代词作宾语时，要把代词置于cut和up之间；
后接名词作宾语时，可以将名词置于cut和up之间，也可以将名词置于cut_up之后。

阅读下列句子，指出画线短语的含义 ②The news that his brother was injured in the accident cut him up. 他弟弟在事故中受伤的消息使他难过。

含义：使难过 考点延伸 阅读下列句子，指出与cut相关的短语及含义 ③She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴。

短语：cut_in　含义：插嘴 ④Because of the flood，electricity supply was cut off. 因为洪灾，电供应被中断。

短语：cut_off　含义：切断，中断 ⑤You smoke too much—you should try to cut down. 你抽烟太凶了——你该少抽点。

短语：cut_down　含义：减低，削减 ⑥In order not to be late，she cut across the park. 为了不迟到，她抄近路穿过公园。

短语：cut_across　含义：抄近路 ⑦I cut out a paragraph in this article. 我删掉了这篇文章的一个段落。

短语：cut_out　含义：删除 ⑧If we don＇t sell more goods，we＇ll have to cut back (on) production. 我们若不能增加货物的销售量，就必须大幅度降低产量。

短语：cut_back　含义：降低 即学即用 语法填空 1)The sky began to ______(dark) as the storm approached. 2)The government＇s power needs to be ______(strong) not ______(weak)． 3)The ______(gold)age only comes to men when they have forgotten ______(gold)． 4)A pencil ______(sharp)is a device that can be used to ______(sharp)a pencil. 5)Our water supply has been cut ______. 6)She was pretty cut ______ about their leaving. 答案：1)darken　2)strengthened；
weakened　3)golden；
gold　4)sharpener；
sharpen　5)off　6)up