中考英语听力题型分类及解题策略

中考英语听力题型分类及解题策略 听力测试是中考试题的一个重要组成部分.近近几年来,根据新英语课程标准在“听”方面的要求，各省市中考试题都有所变化，以便考查考生对英语口语的理解能力以及从口语材料中获取信息的能力。由于听力测试大多在试卷第一部分，听力试题的解答得是否顺利，会直接影响应试者的心理、情绪，从而影响考生的整体成绩。因此，做好听力题至关重要。要做好听力题，除了平时良好的基础训练外，我们还应该了解中考听力的主要题型，掌握一定的解题方法。

听力测试的题型大致可以归纳为以下三大类，即：句子理解、对话理解和短文理解。但各省市的题型略有不同，主要形式如下：
一、 句子理解 主要有五种题型 题型1、听句子，选单词。例如，（2006河北省中考试题）听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。

1 a nose b noise c news 录音及答案：1.Please do not make so much noise in class.(b) 解题指导：此题录音一般放两遍，两遍之间有3秒左右间隔。录音材料是一个句子，所给选项一般都含有相近的音素，读音非常接近。如：第1小题选项中的词尾辅音都是[z]，在听录音时一定要注意分清中间的元音[ eu]＼[ci]＼[ju:];另外句中make so much niose in class 给我们提供了信息，所以可确定选b。

题型2、听句子选答语。试题：你将听到一个句子，从每小题根据你听到的句子，选择恰当的应答语。（2006年街林）
3 a I am fine. B It is Sunny c It is Monday. 录音及答案：What is the weather like today?(b) 解题指导：此类题的解答关键是要听清录音中说的是什么，问的是什么。如是特殊疑问句，要注意听清疑问词。因此，做这种题要特别注意“句子重音”，通过“句子重音”理解整个句子的确切含义，然后选择能回答前面句子的确切答案（做题前也必须看清所给句子的意思）。如上题，录音中句子的重音是what 和weather，关键是weather，抓住了，问题也就迎刃而解了。

题型3 听句子选出与句意相近的选项。（2006襄樊市）
8 a Kate is older than Ann. b Kate and Ann look the same c Ann is not younger than Kate 录音及答案：Kate is young,but Ann is younger.(c) 解题指导：做此题时，一定要看懂选项的意思，听懂录音中句子的意思，根据对录音句子的理解，对所给的选项进行比较，找出意思相同或相近的句子。

题型4、听句子，选图画。

试题：2006哈尔滨市初中升学考试英语试卷 Ⅰ.听句子，选出与所听句子内容相匹配的图画。（本题共5分，每小题1分）
（ ）1. （ ）2. 录音及答案：1.May I borrow your pencil? Mine has broken.（C）
2.Jim hurried to school by bike.(A) 解题指导：做此题，务必要善于抓住句子中的关键词，也就是与图画对应的词汇。第1和第2题的关键词分别是pencil和by bike。

题型5、听句子，排顺序。（2006长沙市）
听下面五个句子。根据录音顺序将代表图片的字母填在答题卷相应的空格中。(其5小题．计5分) 录音及答案：A. A car hit Jack and his arm was hurt . B. I often listen to the news on the radio in the morning. C. Let us have lunch at the fast food restaurant . D. Mary is helping the old man cross the street. E. My brother likes playing computer games very much. 1(E) 2(D)3(B)4(A)5(C) 解题指导：此题与题型3类似，只不过题型3是听一个句子从三幅图片中选一，而此题是听5个句子，把序号填入空格中，且顺序打乱，难度大一些。做题时，一定要先看清所有图片的含义，同样抓住每个句子的关键词，就容易解答了。

二、对话理解 对话理解主要有以下四种题型：
题型1、听对话，选答案。

试题：每个小题有一段对话和一个问题，读两遍，请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题，从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。

7. A. About 3 kilometers. B. About 4 kilometers. C.About 5 kilometers. 录音及答案：7. M: Excuse me. Is there a hospital near here? W: No, there isn＇ t The nearest hospital is about three kilometers away. You＇ d better take a bus. Q: How far is the nearest hospital? （2006年陕西省中考英语试题）
试题：听对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读一遍。

8. How long has the girl been doing her homework? A. For two hours. B. For an hour and a half. C. For six hours. 录音及答案：8. M: Have you finished your homework yet? It＇s already eight. W: Not yet, Dad. I started it at 6: 30. 解题指导：陕西中考试题所提问题包含在录音中，试卷上没有呈现；
浙江湖州中考试题的录音中只有对话，所提问题在试卷上。但不管试题如何设计，此种试题都属于同一题型。听录音前都必须先浏览一下试题所给的选项，根据选项的内容确定听的侧重点。如第7题的侧重点是“距离”，第8题的侧重点是“时间”。

题型2、听对话，选图画。2006年江苏省南京市每小题你将听到一段对话，从A、B、C三幅图中找出与你所听内容相符的选项。每段对话读一遍。2006年山东省滨州市 录音及答案：M:Have you ever been to the Great Wall? W:Yes.It is reallygreat.It is the longest wall in the world. 解题指导：此题相对比较容易，听懂对话意思后，选出反映对话内容的图画即可。但最好在做题前看懂每幅图画的内容，以及图与图之间的区别，然后听对话，抓住对话中的关键词就能解决问题。

题型3、听长对话，回答问题。

试题：录音中有一段对话和五个问题，听对话和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能回答录音中每个问题的正确答案。

16.A.Shirley B.Helen. C.Bill 17.A.At the desk. B.At the gate. C.At home. 18.A.Talking to a customer. B.Counting money. C.Working on the compuer. 19.A.At 10:30. B.At 5:00. C.At 4:30. 20.A.3. B.6. C.7. 录音及答案：
A policeman is asking a woman about a robbery. Suppose you are the policeman and take down notes.）
M:Excuse me, I’m a policeman. May I ask you some questions? W:Sure. M:What’s your name? W:Helen. M:Were you at work yesterday? W:Yes, I was on the first floor all day long. M:Were you at the gate at 10:30? W:No, I was at the desk talking to a customer. M:Who else was with you? W:Oh, let me see. Yes, Mike, Bill and ...err...right, Shirley. M:What were they doing then? W:Mike was counting money. Bill was talking to another customer and Shirley was working on the computer. M:Were there many people in the bank? W:Not many. There were only 3 customers. M:When did you leave the bank? W:At 4:30. M:Ok. Thanks a lot. W:You are welcome. Questions: 16.What is the woman’s name? 17.Where was she at 10:30 yesterday? 18.What was Mike doing then? 19.What time did the woman leave the bank? 20.How many people were there in the bank? 16－20：BABCC 题型4、听对话，完成表格。

试题：听力填表（共5小题，计5分）
录音中有一段对话，听对话两遍后，根据所听内容完成下面的表格（每空不多于三个词）。

（生词：enroll/in’reul/u.注册）
Family name Williams Given name （66）
Country （67）
（68）
9 Crew Street Age （69）
Telephone No. （70）
录音及答案：
录音中有一段对话，听对话两遍后，根据所听内容完成下面的表格（每空不多于三个词）。

Secretary:Good morning. Can I help you? Student: Yes. I’d like to enroll for the course. Secretary: Certainly. What’s your family name, please? Student:Williams. Secretary:Could you spell that for me? Student:Yes. It’s W-L-L-I-A-M-S. Secretary:Thank you. What’s your given name? Student:It’s Peter. That’s spelled P-E-T-E-R. Secretary:Thanks. Where are you from, Mr. Williams? Student:Canada. Secretary:I see. What’s your address now? Student:I live at 9 Crew Strect and my telephone number is 253-7968. Secretary:Your number is 253-7968. Student:Yes, that’s right. Secretary:Thank you. How old are you? Student:25 Secretary:Thanks. 66.Peter 67.Canads 68.Address 69.25 70.2537968 解题指导：做听较长的对话，回答问题或填写表格这类题时，更需要先看清试题内容，，确定听的重点。如上面的题型3，通过试题本身，我们能够初步了解到对话后面的问题可能与人物、地点、时间、行为等有关。因此，在听录音时，就应把听的重点放在这些点上，并注意区别、选择。“填写表格”要先看清所空的可能是什么内容。听第一遍录音要注意情景和整体意思，第二遍再边听边答题，然后进行回忆检查。

三、短文理解 题型1、听短文和五个问题，选择正确答案。

12. Why does Nancy like her socks very much? A. They are different. B. They are beautiful.C. They are clean. 13. What color of socks does she wear on Thursdays? A. Yellow ones. B. Blue ones. C. Orange ones. 14. What socks did she choose this Friday? A. A different pair. B. The clean pair.C. The red pair. 15. Why did her classmates laugh at her? A. She wore different pair of socks. B. She wore dirty socks. C. She was late for school. 录音及答案：
My name is Nancy. I have four paris of socks. They are all beautiful, so I like them very much. Every day I wear different socks. On Mondays, I wear the red socks. On Tuesday, I choose the blue ones. On Wednesdays, I wear the yellow ones. And on Thursdays I wear the orange ones. When I go home, I usually take off my socks and throw them in the bathroom. I never clean them. So, on Fridays, I must choose a pair of socks from the dirty ones. It is Friday again. When I woke up, it was 7∶00 am. I thought I would be late for school. But I didn＇t have any clean socks. So I picked up a pair of socks andput them on quickly. At school, some classmates looked at my feet and laughed. Suddenly, I saw my socks. “Oh, no” I said. They were different. One was red and the other was orange. Now I knew why they laughed at me 12---15BCAA 2006年泸州市 解题指导：根据试题，我们可以了解到：这者篇短文涉及到Nancy的袜子。听的重点包括1、Nancy喜欢她的袜子的原因2、袜子的颜色3、选择何种袜子4、同学嘲笑的原因。由于“问题”就在试卷上，我们只需注意“听”就是了。录音一般放两遍，听第一遍时，边听边看试题，边记忆听到的内容，听到与试题相关的关键词时，立即作记号；
听第二遍录音时，查漏补缺。划线的这几句都直接或间接地回答了每个问题。

题型2、听短文，选答案。

Ⅳ.听短文，根据所听内容选出短文中划线部分词的同义词或同义短语。（本题共10分，每小题2分）
Mr White works in an office. One day, when he had lunch, a friend 16 him. They were very 17 and talked a lot. Then they looked at the clock on the wall. It was time to go to office. He had to say goodbye to his friend and left. It was raining 18 and the streets were wet. He drove too fast to see the red lights. He couldn’t stop his car and hit a car in front of his. An old man got off and 19 angrily,“What are you doing? Do you want to hit me to death?” “I’m sorry,sir,”said Mr White. “I didn’t find the lights turned red. Then he brought out a bottle of wine and gave it to the old man. “It’s very cold today,sir,”said Mr White.“Please drink a little, then you’ll be warmer.” The old man drank some wine and became happy.“I’m feeling much better now. 20 drink any?”he asked. “I can’t drink anything now,sir,”answered Mr White.“I’m waithing for the policeman to come. Only drunkards（酒鬼）cause accidents, you know.” （ ）16.A.visited B.asked for C.sent for （ ）17.A.sad B.glad C.surprised （ ）18.A.a little B.heavily C.big （ ）19.A.shouted B.sang C.smiled （ ）20.A.What about B.Would you mind C.Why not 录音及答案：
Mr White works in an office. One day, when he had lunch, a friend came to see him. They were very happy and talked a lot. Then they looked at the clock on the wall. It was time to go to office. He had to say goodbye to his friend and left. It was raining hard and the streets were wet. He drove too fast to see the red lights. He couidn’t stop his car and hit a car in frnt of his. An old man got off and called out angrily,“What are you doing? Do you want to hit me to death?” “I’m sorry,sir,”said Mr White. “I didn’t find the lights turned red.Then he brought out a bottle of wine and gave it to the old man. “It’s very cold today, sir,”said Mr White.“Please drink a little, then you’ll be warmer.” The old man drank some wine and became happy.“I’m feeling much better now. Why don’t you drink any?” he asked. “I can’t drink anything now,sir,” answered Mr White. “I’m waiting for the policeman to come. Only drunkards（酒鬼）cause aecidents, you know.” Keys:16-20 ABBAC 题型3、听短文，填写表格。2006年福州市初中毕业班质量检查(课改区) . 录音及答案：
21. Beijing 22. 6 23. snowy 24. cloudy 25. 9 26.rainy 27. 7 28. Fuzhoul 29. 12 30. sunny 解题指导：听短文填空或填写表格的题型，重点测试我们抓关键词和辨析同类词或事物的能力。试题所给的词或短语有的可能是短文中的原句，也可能不是。是愿句的，我们只要听清、听准关键词就行了，而非原文的句子，要结合上下文或全文内容进行判断。