高二英语人教版选修8学案课堂探究Unit1Alandofdiversity—SectionⅡWord版含解析

课堂探究 1．It didn＇t occur to me that... 我没想到…… It didn＇t occur to me...是主句，其中it是形式主语，that...才是句子真正的主语。

考点：occur vi. 发生；
出现 I won＇t let such a thing occur as long as I am here. 我只要在这里，就不会让这样的事情发生。

①Such plants have never occurred in this area. 从未在这个地区发现过这些植物。

归纳：occur的过去式为：occurred 过去分词为：occurred 考点延伸 1）阅读下列句子，归纳与occur相关的句型及意思 ②It occurred to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed. 我想起来了，他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。

句型：It_occurred_to_me_that...　意思：我刚刚想到…… ③A brilliant idea occurred to me. 我想到一个极好的主意。

句型：sth.occurs/occurred_to_sb.　意思：某事突然出现在某人的脑海里 2）辨析：occur，happen，take place，come about与 break out 相同点：都是不及物动词（短语），不能用于被动语态。

不同点：（1）occur 较正式，指偶然“发生”的或未按计划发生的事情，可用于具体或抽象的事物。用于指具体事物时可与happen 通用；
但是在强调某事物呈现于某人的知觉（如大脑）时只能用occur to sb.。

（2）happen“发生，巧遇”，含义广泛，指具体客观事物的发生。尤指偶然事件的发生，后面接动词不定式，也可接介词to。

（3）take place“发生，举行”，主要指预先计划好的事情。

（4）come about “发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。

（5）break out “发生，爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生。

温馨提示：表示“某人突然想起某事”的结构还有：
It hits/strikes sb.that... sth.（idea/thought）hits/strikes sb.that... sth.comes to sb. It crosses one＇s mind that... 即学即用 语法填空 1）I was in half the way when ______occurred to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it. 2）The idea occurred ______ him in a dream. 3）It never occurred to me ______ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 用happen，occur，take place，come about的正确形式填空 4）Great changes ______ in my hometown. 5）It suddenly ______ to me that Paul was telling a lie. 6）What ______ to your hand? 7）When Mother woke up，she didn＇t know what ______. 答案：1）it　2）to　3）that　4）have taken place 5）occurred　6）happened　7）had come about 2．Grammar名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：①连接词：that，whether，if；
②连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；
③连接副词：when，where，how，why。

一、主语从句 如果一个句子在复合句中充当主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。

1）英语中的主语从句在句中作主语，有以下两种结构：
（1）主语从句位于句首。

（2）主语从句位于句尾，使用it作形式主语。

指出下列句子的主语 ①What he wants is a book. 他想要的就是一本书。

主语：what_he_wants ②It is necessary that we should learn English well. 我们有必要把英语学好。

主语：it作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语 ③It appeared to the scientists on the earth that the stars had moved. 在地球上的科学家看来，这些星体已经移动了。

主语：It作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语 2）主语从句的连接词包括：that，whether，what，who（m），which，whose，when，where，why，how，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等。

注意：if不可引导主语从句。

根据句意给下列句子填上适当的连接词 ④Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now. 运动会是否举行现在还不能确定。

⑤Why he did it is easy to understand. 他为何做这件事很容易理解。

⑥Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 昨天谁打破了玻璃还不清楚。

⑦That she became an artist may have been due to her father＇s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。

⑧What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. 给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。

二、宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句。

阅读下列句子，归纳连接词的用法 ①We all agreed（that）it would be a mistake not to take his advice. 归纳：that在宾语从句中不充当任何句子成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。

②He said he couldn＇t tell you right away and that you wouldn＇t understand. 归纳：宾语从句是并列句时，第一个分句前的that可以省略，第二个分句前的that不可以省略。

③He suggested that we（should）finish the work at once. 归纳：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

④I consider it necessary that we should ask him for advice. 归纳：可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。

⑤I don＇t doubt that he will be against the idea. 归纳：动词doubt的否定结构才可以接that从句。

2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。

语法填空 ①The book will show you what the best CEOs know. ②Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? ③None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 归纳：用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。连接表语从句的连接词有：that，what，who，when，where，which，why，whether，how等。

语法填空 ①What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet. 归纳：引导词在从句中仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。

②The reason why he was late was that he didn＇t catch the early bus. 归纳：在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，引导词不能用because，而用that。

③The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 归纳：引导词在句中不作任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”。

④The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 连接词在句中作：主语 ⑤The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 连接词在句中作：状语 ⑥This is where he worked ten years ago. 连接词在句中作：状语 ⑦I read about it in some book or another，but what I don＇t know is which book it is. 连接词在句中作：定语 归纳：特殊疑问词引导表语从句时，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分，有具体的意思。

⑧He sounds as if he were（be）an American. ⑨It looks as though it is（be）going to rain. 归纳：as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be，become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的动作或状态。但当其后的句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，要用陈述语气。

⑩His suggestion is that we （should）climb（climb）all the way to the top of the hill. 归纳：主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。

即学即用 语法填空 1）It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 2）Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious ______ the problem itself is. 3）I＇m afraid he＇s more of a talker than a doer，which is ______ he never finishes anything. 4）Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales，please? 5）—Have you finished the book? —No.I＇ve read up to ______ the children discover the secret cave. 6）______ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. 7）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew ______ she was so angry. 8）______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 9）It worried Mary a lot ______ she would pass the college entrance examination or not. 汉译英 10）这就是我们的问题所在。

________________________________________________________________________ 11）那就是他没来开会的原因。

________________________________________________________________________ 12）我不知道他什么时候回家。

________________________________________________________________________ 13）事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

________________________________________________________________________ 14）他们是否要来并没有关系。

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1）whether　2）what　3）why　4）whoever 5）where　6）What　7）why　8）What　9）whether 10）This is where our problem lies. 11）That is why he didn＇t come to the meeting. 12）I have no idea when he will come back home. 13）The fact is that we have lost the game. 14）It doesn＇t matter whether they will come or not.