中小学教学常规

　 附件：

　 赣州市中小学教学常规（试行）

　为进一步深化基础教育课程改革，全面推进素质教育，加强教学管理，规范教学行为，提高教育教学质量，特制定本常规。

　一、备课常规要求

　集体备课

　1.学校要建立健全集体备课制度，各教研组应根据学校教学工作计划制订本组教学计划，各备课组要详细制定学期的教学进度和备课组活动计划。集体备课要做到“五定”：定时间、定地点、定内容、定主备人，定记录人，每周至少开展一次备课组活动，每次活动不少于两节课。

　2.备课组长负责组织、安排备课组活动，至少提前一周督促主备人做好准备工作，协调、指导组员参与合作，主备人须备出完整的教案，有条件的可将其制作成电子文本。

　3.每位备课组成员都要在每次集体备课活动前认真做好个人初备工作，要做到“五备”，即：

　①备考点，做到“两个明白”，首先是教师明白，但关键是研究如何让学生明白，不做无用功；

　②备教材，紧扣“三点”，扣要点、疑点和联系点，理解内涵，拓展外延；③备练习，做到“两适三重”，适度、适量、重讲评、重审题训练、重规范表达；

　④备学生，了解学生的知识、能力缺陷；⑤备教法和学法，形成学生的“学案”。

　4.集体备课时，主备人要针对教学设计内容说明设计的依据、意图和思路，重点阐释教学过程与教学方法。备课组成员要围绕知识建构、能力发展、教法学法等深入进行研讨，充分发表见解，优化教学设计，形成集体备课教案，并在此基础上形成学案。每位备课组成员须在集体备课教案的基础上，结合自己的个性特点以及所教班级的学情，进行个性化的复备，形成自己的个案。

　5.集体备课中要加强教育教学理论学习，进行教学反思，总结、交流教学心得体会，剖析教学中实际存在的问题，开展行动研究活动，提高备课组从事校本研究的能力。

　6.学校要定期对备课组集体备课活动的开展情况和教师教案的撰写情况进行检查指导，依据实际评定等第，将评价结果纳入教师个人业务考核档案。

　个人备课

　7.确定目标。深刻领会课程理念，全面理解课程内容，挖掘课标要求的内涵并拓展外延。教学目标的制定要全面、具体，贴近学生实际，做到三维目标有机融合；教学目标具有操作性，体现学生主体性；根据教学内容与学生实际辩证处理好阶段性目标和总体目标之间的关系。

　8.分析学情。了解学生学习的态度、兴趣、习惯和学习需求，从学习水平、认知结构、已有的知识经验和生活体验等方面作全面分析，针对学生实际情况，尊重学生个体差异，因材施教。

　9.整合内容。基于教学目标，吃透现行教材，采集、整合其他版本教材、学生生活经历、社会生产实际等教学资源，恰当选择、处理教学素材，合理取舍，注意学科间的横向联系，挖掘教学内容中过程、方法、情感态度价值观等因素，合理组织教学内容，突出重点，突破难点。

　10.优化方法。根据教学目标要求和教学内容特点，结合学生的年龄特点、心理特征和认知规律，以及课程资源条件、教师的个性特征，灵活恰当地选择教学方法和学习方法，善于激活学生思维，引导学生通过自主、合作、探究等多种学习方式，在主动建构中习得知识与方法，在感悟、体验中发展情感、态度与价值观。

　11.选用媒体。根据教学的需要，以教学效果最优为原则，合理选择、有效组合、恰当运用实验器材、挂图、模型、计算机、网络等多种媒体辅助教学，加强现代信息技术与学科教学的有机整合。

　12.设计过程。紧扣教学目标设置教学环节，总体环节完整。创设教学情境、组织和指导自主学习、交流与评价等基本环节的设计灵活合理，各环节之间体现教学内容的逻辑性和学生认知的规律性。创设的情境问题力求真实生动，富有启发性和探究性。策划的活动力求体现开放性、参与性和过程性，重视预设与生成之间的关系。

　13.预设练习。合理有序的配置有层次、有梯度的当堂达标检测题，课后作业要具有层次性和选择性，以基础性练习为主，适当布置拓展性、开放性习题。

　14.设计板书。板书设计要条理清晰、简明扼要、布局合理、美观大方，注重体现知识的形成过程，注重揭示知识结构和学习方法。

　15.撰写教案。在环节齐全、格式规范、详略得当的基础上，体现教学设计的针对性和有效性，彰显个性特点。

　二、课堂教学常规要求

　16.认真做好课前准备。熟悉教案、学案，提前把学案发给学生，以便学生预习；对学生的预习情况要加以检查，了解学情，培养学生良好的学习习惯。

　17.营造良好的学习氛围。课堂气氛和谐，师生关系融洽，创设灵活的、有助于学生自主、合作、探究学习的教学情境，营造民主、平等、互动、开放的学习氛围，激发学生学习兴趣，突出学生主体地位。

　18.教学思路清晰，教学结构合理。遵循循序渐进的教学原则，精益求精、科学严谨地组织教学，教学环节完整、层次清晰、张弛有度；注意新旧知识的内在联系，促进学生合理建构知识结构。

　19.教学内容处理得当。引导学生围绕重点，理解和运用学习内容，分析和解决问题，感悟和体验学习内容中蕴含的科学方法和情感态度价值观。教师讲解科学准确、详略得当，知识梳理脉络清晰。抓住关键揭示重点内容，分散化解难点内容，具体分析对比疑点，着力引导学生掌握重点，突破难点，夯实基础，发展能力。

　20.教学过程要发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，既要体现教的过程，更要体现学的过程。要摒弃满堂灌的陋习和过于重视结论教学的倾向，加强过程教学，面向全体学生，兼顾个体差异，给学生充分的自主学习和思考的时间。要根据教学实际和个体差异，选用恰当的教法，因材施教；要加强学法指导，引导学生围绕学习任务，运用自主、合作、探究等学习方式，主动参与教学过程。

　21.灵活合理地组织和调控课堂教学。正确处理预设与生成的关系，能敏锐地感受、准确地捕捉新情况和新问题，作出决策和选择，及时调整教学策略；各教学环节过渡自然流畅；对学生的学习过程、方法和结果及时作出恰当的评价与总结，充分发挥评价的激励功能，以引导和促进学生高效学习。

　22.科学设计问题，精选例题和习题。设计的教学问题要具有思考和探究价值，利于思维的开发和能力的培养；精选的例题和习题要体现基础性、针对性、梯度性、思维性，精讲精练，及时矫正巩固。

　23.合理选择使用实验器材、挂图、模型、计算机、网络等教学媒体，有机整合现代信息技术与学科教学，注重实效；演示、验证和探究实验教学，要组织有序，操作规范，指导及时，确保安全。

　24.用普通话授课，语言规范、精练、准确、生动、具有启发性；仪容整洁，教态自然、大方。

　25.板书规范、科学、正确、清楚、条理性强；要体现知识的形成过程，揭示知识结构和学习方法。

　26.课后及时总结教学的成功经验，反思教学中的问题与不足，思考、研究解决问题的对策，为今后改进教学提供借鉴，并促进自身的专业发展。

　三、作业布置与批改常规要求

　27.作业的选择要精、实、活，反对繁、难、怪，反对重复作业和机械训练，杜绝体罚性作业训练；要体现三维目标的落实，发挥巩固、反馈、矫正、补漏、提高与激励等功能。

　28.作业的类型要多样化，要结合学科特点、教学内容和学生实际，合理选择书面作业和非书面作业，提倡采用实验操作、研究性学习、社会实践调查、阅读感悟和搜集、整理资料等多种作业形式，倡导分层作业和“自助式”作业。

　29.作业批改要及时，格式、书写要规范，作业评价以等第形式呈现，作业评语要体现激励性；要求以教师批改为主，提倡精批精改、面批面改和在教师指导下的互批互改。做到“有发必收，有收必改，有改必评，有错必纠”。

　30.立足发现问题和解决问题，进行归因分析，并及时反馈矫正，要求学生及时订正错题，建立学生错题档案，指导学生使用好错题本。

　四、课外辅导常规要求

　31.课外辅导必须做到规范辅导要求，强化分类推进，重视个别辅导，精心实施，讲究实效。

　32.课外辅导主要包括学业类辅导、兴趣特长类辅导和身心健康类辅导等。

　⑴学业类辅导要重视加强对学困生的辅导，热情关怀学困生，细心分析其产生学习困难的原因，帮助他们树立信心。

　⑵兴趣特长类辅导要重视加强学科竞赛辅导，激发学习潜能，发展个性特长，力争在各级各类竞赛中取得好成绩。

　⑶心理健康类辅导要重视心理疏导，及时缓解学习压力，注重学生健康心理品质和健全人格的培养。

　33.课外辅导要做到“六定”：定计划、定内容、定主讲、定对象、定时间、定地点。

　34.正确处理课内教学与课外辅导的关系，严禁占用自习课和节假日时间进行集体补课。

　五、考试常规要求

　考试组织

　35.根据课程实施方案，合理确定考试形式、考试科目和考试内容。

　36.严密组织，严格纪律，严明考风，规范操作，确保考试过程和考试结果的客观、公正、有效。

　37.严格控制规模性考试次数，加强调研诊断性测试。

　38.监考老师要认真履行监考职责，严格监考，杜绝各类形式的舞弊行为。

　39.保证阅卷质量，要准确把握评分标准和评分细则，做到宽严适度，集中时间，采用流水作业形式。

　40.以考试为评价手段要注意突出诊断性、激励性，淡化甄别功能。

　考试命题

　41.提高命题质量，以课程标准要求为纲，以改定考。命题要充分结合学生实际，以能力立意为主，体现新情境、新材料和新设计。

　42.制定科学严格的命题人员遴选、命题、审题、保密制度，规范命题操作程序。

　43.试题要体现考试性质，保证考试信度。试题应以有利于实施新课程、有利于促进教学为原则，试题必须全面检测三维目标的达成效果，必须要有一定量的创新题。

　44.试题内容正确，陈述简明、准确、无歧义，立足主干知识，注意学科渗透，设问要有连续性和层次性。

　45.试题结构合理，梯度明显，难易适度，赋分合理，题型多样，提倡命制选做题。

　六、学生评价常规要求

　46.评价遵循科学性、民主性、多元性、主体性、开放性原则，既要重视甄别与选拔功能，更要重视发展与激励功能；既要重视学业成绩，更要重视全面发展和个性发展；既要重视结果，更要重视过程。

　47.评价方式要多样化，可以采用观察、实验、调查、记录、访问、讨论、作业、测验、考试、评议、档案、自我评价、家长评价等多种方式进行。

　48.课堂教学中对学生的评价要富有激励性。

　⑴评价内容主要为学生的学习热情、参与程度、学习方法等学习状况和学习效果。

　⑵评价主体除教师外，要调动学生积极主动地参与评价，提倡学生自评和生生互评。

　⑶评价方式除一般性激励语言外，提倡运用动作、眼神、表情等体态性语言进行评价。

　⑷对学生的评价要做到及时、客观、准确，具有针对性。

　49.对考试的评价要立足诊断性，体现促进性。

　⑴关注考试过程中态度、诚信、技巧、习惯和规范等方面的评价。

　⑵评价主体以教师为主，强调引导学生积极参与评价，引导学生善于发现问题、纠正错误。

　⑶评价要立足改进和矫正。从收集和分析反映学生学习情况的数据和其他材料开始，从学生答题情况入手，找出存在问题，探寻导致学生错误答题的原因，确定矫正方案，有针对性地强化训练。杜绝把考试成绩作为标示学生类别的标签。

　50.综合素质评价要全面、客观、公正。

　⑴学生综合素质评价由各校组织实施，学校要建立相应的评价制度和评价组织。

　⑵要面向全体学生，促进学生素质的全面和谐发展；要充分体现学生的发展性与个性差异，注重学生成长的过程，促进学生自主、主动、创造性、个性化发展；评价要做到民主、公平、公正、公开。

　⑶评价内容主要包括道德品质、公民素养、学习能力、交流与合作、运动与健康、审美与表现等六个项目。

　⑷评价依据的素材主要来源于学校每学年对学生发展状况的详实记录——日常表现、关键性材料、学生特长表现、过程性评价等，评价所依据的材料必须客观、原始、真实，能充分证实学生在评价项目中所达到的程度与发展的状况。

　⑸要每学期对学生进行一次综合素质评价，实行报告单制度，毕业前实行总评，注重过程性评价，注意全面评价和个性化评价相结合。

　⑹采用综合评语加等级评价的方法进行评价。对品德、情感、态度、日常表现以及学习情况的评价要做到客观描述与定性描述相结合，尤其要突出学生的素质特长和发展潜能，评语应准确、精练。等级评价分设合格、不合格两级或A、B、C、D四个等级。

　⑺学校要保证评定过程及评价结果的客观和公正。综合素质评价结果要在校内公示，接受监督。

　七、教学研究常规要求

　51.学校要不断完善校本教研制度，建立健全校本教研组织网络，做好校本教研活动的计划、组织、实施指导和总结评价工作。

　52.教研组负责制定学科发展规划，组织开展学科性的课题研究、教学资源开发和改进教学质量评估方法等活动，加强学科建设。

　53.采取形式多样、富有实效的校本教研方式，提倡叙事研究、案例研讨、评课说课、理论学习、教研沙龙等教研方式，以提高课堂教学效益为立足点，注重教学过程中的问题研究和行动研究，促进教师专业发展。

　54.以备课组和教研组为活动平台，备课组至少每周开展一次活动，教研组至少每两周开展一次活动。

　55.教师要主动学习、更新教育理论和学科专业知识，按时参加教育行政和业务主管部门组织的各类培训和教研活动。

　56.每位教师每学年要做到“五个一”：读一本教学理论专著，执教一节公开课，主持或参与一项课题研究，交流、评奖或发表一篇教学论文，面向学生或教师开设一次专题讲座。

　八、实践活动常规要求

　57.学校要制订切实可行的“实践活动实施方案”，对活动内容、实施方式、教师安排、资源建设、师资培训、活动评价、学分认定、管理模式等方面工作作整体规划和具体说明。

　58.各校应根据学校的实际情况，开发课程资源，统筹规划好研究性学习活动、社会实践、社区服务的内容，充分体现办学特色。

　59.教师要指导学生做好选题、制定活动规划、组织活动实施，开展成果展示交流等活动，并对学生实践活动做出评价。

　60.每位学生每学期至少完整地经历一个活动主题的全部过程，有比较详细的活动过程记录、活动报告等结果性文本，提倡高年级学生开展小课题申报、立项、研究、结题等活动，并每学年举行一次实践活动成果的展评。

　九、附则

　《常规》从2009年1月1日开始试行。

　Writing material: three hundred philosophical storiesThe three hundred chapter of philosophical story1, a turkey and a cow idle gossip, Turkey said: I want to fly to the top of the tree, but I have no courage to say. Cattle: why I do not eat the cow dung, they are very nutritious. Turkey eat a cow dung, and found it did give it enough power fly to the root branch, the second day, the turkey ate more dung, fly to the second tree branches, two weeks later, the proud Turkey proudly flew to the top of the tree, but soon, a farmer saw it, quickly to shoot it down from the tree.The survival of 1: luck can let you reach the top of the peak, but can not let you stay there.2, the crow stands on the tree, the whole day doing nothing, rabbit saw a crow, ask: can I like you, the whole day what all need not stem? About the crow: of course, what is not so, the rabbit is under the tree on the ground began to rest, suddenly, a fox appeared in fox, it jumped to catch the rabbit, swallowed it.Survival of the road 2: if you want to stand and do nothing, then you must stand tall, very high.3, a bird bird fly to the south for the winter. The weather is very cold, and almost frozen bird. So, fly to a large space, after a cow there, in a pile of cow dung in the small bird, frozen bird lying on the dunghill, feel very warm, gradually gradually wake up, it is warm and comfortable lying, and soon began to sing songs, only a passing wildcat hear voices in the past and see, follow the voice of the wild cat soon found lying on the dunghill bird, pull it out to eat.Survival 3: not everyone often lead the dung upon your people are your enemies. Each of you is not pulled out of the dung midden people are your friends, and, when you lying on the dunghill lane, it is best to keep your mouth shut.4, there is a bottle bottom, this bottle is a troll storm. It is a five hundred years ago to check into the bottle fairy troll. The devil once made a wish, who can put this bottle picked up, opened the cork, and rescued him out, he would give this man a gold Jinshan. However, over the past five hundred years, no one has put up the bottle. Troll very annoyed. He said: "after the curse, if who rescued me, I will swallow up one of this individual." a young fisherman, he cast his net fishing, when he received the time, found an old bottle, the net, he hit the cork Open! A thick thick smoke blown out, slowly spit out a bigger than the mountain troll. "Ha ha!" Troll laughter, the earthquake shook up the turbulent sea. He said: "young man, you saved me, I should thank you, but do you get too late, if you put me in my early years saved, you can get a golden hill! Oh, I waited for five hundred years, I was too impatient, I have many of the evil is willing to help me out, take one bite!" the young man to eat a surprised, but immediately calm and said: "Yo, such a small bottle, how could you hold it, you must lie, You go back to the bottle and show me!""Ha ha ha ha, I will not be fooled! Arabian Nights had this old story before, if I go into the bottle, then you plug the plug, and the story does not finished?" "what do you see? Arabian Nights you are a learned enough" ah! You have seen the philosophy of Socrates philosophy? "" ha! The five five hundred years I hid in the bottle, poor reading day classics, to practice, not to mention Western masterpiece, the Oriental University, the doctrine of the mean, the Analects of Confucius, Mencius I have read well done. "Ah, in Chinese Taishigong records rather you research Mo-tse? The book has covered "meme" don't say,? No one after the history subset closed! "" but I think you must have seen the hand written copy of a dream of Red Mansions, which is a rare version of it! "" ha ha ha, you this guy too I underestimated this. The book collectors is me! Let me take you out to take a look! "Troll magic immediately into a smoke slowly into the bottle. This time Xu, the green years no longer hesitate fisherman, took a bottle of bottle stopper blocked.5, once before, there are two hungry people has been a gift of the elderly: a fishing rod and a basket of live fish. Among them, one to a basket fish, another person a fishing rod, so they get the fish people. Part company each going his own way the original place dry wood put up the bonfire to boil the fish, he devoured, did not taste a fish meat flavor, instant, and fish soup with which he ate, and soon, he starved to death in the empty fish creel. Another one is carrying the fishing rod to starve. Step by step difficult difficult to go to the sea, but when he has not seen the blue sea Yang, he was the last bit of strength and make out, he can only afford to Pakistan zone endless regret left the world.There are two hungry people, they also received the elderly gift of a fishing rod and a basket fish. But he they did not, but the producers agreed together to find the sea, they each only cook a fish, they passed away the distant journey, came to the sea, from since then, two people start a fishing day, a few years later, they built a house, have their own family, son of children, have built their own fishing boat, and live a happy and healthy life.Only the immediate interests of a person, it will eventually get the joy was short-lived; one lofty goal, but also to face the reality of life. Only when the ideal and reality combine, it may become a successful person. Sometimes, a simple truth, but a full life give meaningful enlightenment.6 Confucius, a student in the porridge, found things falling into the dirty pot. He went quickly with a soup spoon it up, just want to put it away, suddenly thought of a porridge meal are not easily won. He took it eat it. / you Confucius into the kitchen room, that he was to see, they taught the students for cooking. Through the explanation, we only see light suddenly. The hole Confucius regrets say: "I have to see things not really, not to mention is listen to road?"Enlightenment: push the sale is a kind of organizational nature of business students, because many people, the personnel problem is also too much. We often hear is non resolution to distinguish words, such as a company against another company, such as is often confusing, is not, affect confidence. Therefore to find out the truth. Not easily believe the rumors, hard to establish the cause of industry will not be destroyed on one day.7, there is a scholar third performers, live in a regular store to live. Test two days before he had three dreams, the first dream is a dream on the wall white cabbage, second dream is a rainy day, he was also wearing a bamboo hat umbrella, third dream. Is the dream with the beloved cousin stripped the clothes lying together, but the back to back.This dream seems to have three deep meaning, born on the second day of the dream telling. To find a fortune telling, lianpai thigh, said: "you still go home now. You see, the high walls of vegetables is not in vain? Wearing hats umbrella umbrella did not make an unnecessary move? Dudu naked lying with my cousin in a bed, but back to back, did not?"One scholar, downhearted, back to the shop to pack up and prepare to go home plate. The shop owner is very strange, ask: "tomorrow is not genius exam today, how do you go back home?" the scholar said such a music shop owner: "Yo, I would dream of, I think. And, this time you must stay. You want to think about it, the wall is not high not that you wear hats umbrella once prepared against want with your cousin? Naked in bed on the back, not to say that when you have to stand up to you?"A scholar, more reasonable, thus encouraging the spirit to take the exam, even in a third overall.The positive pole of people, like the sun, according to where where bright, negative people, like the moon, the first fifteen are not the same. The idea of a decision to set our lives, what kind of thinking about the law, there is what kind of future.8, one day the zoo keepers found kangaroos run away from the cage, and then met to discuss, that is the height of the cage is too low. So they decided to cage height from the ten meters to twenty meters higher. The results of the second day they also found the kangaroo or come out, so they decided then to the height of thirty meters.I did not expect the next day and actually see kangaroos run to an outside, so the tube administrators are nervous, decided not to do two endlessly, the height of the cage to one hundred meters high gaga.One day a giraffe and a few kangaroos in the chat, "you see, these people will no longer continue raising your cage?" asked the deer neck long necked."It's hard to say," said the bag kangaroo. "If they continue to forget to close the door!"In fact, a lot of people are like this, only know that there is a problem, but can not grasp the core and foundation of the problem.9, in a small village and, under a very large storm flood, floods submerged the whole village began, a priest in the church to pray the father, seeing the flood has was up to his knees knees. A lifeguard driving a sampan came to the church hall, with the priest said: "father, please hurry up! Or will you Flood flood drowned!" the priest said: "no! I am confident that God will save me, you better start to save others"Not long after, the floods have father's chest chest, the priest stood on the altar to sacrifice. At this time, and a police police speedboat drove over with the priest said: "father, hurry up, otherwise you really will be drowned!" the priest said: "no and I would like to keep my church, I believe that God will save me. You'd better start to save others"After a while, the floods have submerged the whole church, the priest only had to seize cross cross the top of the church. A helicopter flying over slowly, after the pilot dropped a rope ladder shouting: "father, come on, this is the last chance, we don't want to see you by the flood of cocoa drowned!!!" the priest or strong willed said: "no, I want to keep my church hall! God will save me. You'd better start to save others. God will be with me were the emperor!!"The flood water poured in, the priest finally drowned. The priest went to heaven hall, saw God angry in the matter to ask: "Lord, I give their life, the fear serve you, why what you refuse to help me!" God said: "I do not want to the first time you save? I sent a sampan to rescue you, you do not, I think you are worried about the risk sampan second times; I sent a yacht to you, or not; second, I, Ambassador of etiquette when you send a helicopter to rescue you. If you are unwilling to accept the results. So, I thought you wanted to hurry back to my side. Come, can be good with me ""In fact, too many obstacles in life is all right, because of excessive stubbornness and ignorance ignorance. In helping others out of the occasion, don't forget, when we are also willing to reach out to, and help other people get on the busy!!!!10, five year old Hank and father mother brother work together to the forest, suddenly began to rain, but they only took a poncho. Dad will rain poncho to mom, mom gave my brother, brother to Hank. Hank asked and asked: "why my father to the mother. And my mother gave my brother, brother gave me?" the father replied: "because the father than the mother, mother and brother brother than strong, powerful than you. We will compare the protection of small weak people. Hank looked around, and ran to put up the rain open in a wind fluttering delicate little flower.The real strong does not necessarily is effective, or more money, but he was there to help others. Liability allows us to complete the matter, love allows us to do a good job.11, one night, already very late, an older couple walked into a hotel, they want a room. The waiter replied: "sorry, our hotel is full, no one room is left." look at the old couple looked tired, the waiter said. "But let me think of a way"Described here, you want to continue to have a mathematical following, or are willing to get a literary outcome, but no matter how, mathematics and literature will break up here..This is the story of the development of Mathematics: the good start is the waiter hand for the elderly to solve the room: he wakes up the hotel has been sleeping under the housing tenants, ask them to change the place: room 11 for guests to room 2, room 2, room 3 to room for guests and so on., until each tenant from their room to the next room. Then the miracle: Room 1 was empty. The waiter will pleased the old couple and arranged in. Without increasing the room, did not reduce the guests, two elderly people at all the room is full of guests, but Only by allowing often a guest to the next room, the first room emptied, why is this? /, originally, two elderly people into the mathematics famous Hilbert Hotel, it is thought that there are numerous room tour the museum. The story is David Hilbert the great scientist tells him, mathematics, mathematics has drawn out the "infinite" concept. The concept of the subject is important, but it can be said that without it we can hardly imagine how math will exist. As long as people know to count the whole, every integer has a successor until no Mathematics is a science of infinite poverty.Well, we return to the waiter said "let me think of a way". The story is that the literature and so on. This literature waiter should more rich and love, of course when he could not bear to let the old man out of the night to find another hotel. But in such a small city. I'm afraid the other hotel has full closed, the tired tired old man would not flow on the streets in the middle of the night? So good it will lead to the old waiter to a room, said: "maybe it is not the best, but now, I can do now is actually a whole this kind of neat and clean room." see the elderly, be happy To live down.The second day, when they came to the front desk at the checkout, the waiter told them: "no, because I just put their house by loan you stayed one night, I wish you a pleasant journey!". Their waiter did not sleep So that is what it is.: one night, he is worth a night in the night before. The 22 old people are very moved. The old man said: "my child, you are the best I have seen the hotel operator. You will be rewarded." the waiter smiled and said, this is not what. He sent the old man out of the door, and then from the busy has the matter, has forgotten this matter. All two net unexpectedly one day, Shi Those who received a letter, open look, there is a one-way ticket to New York machine and has a brief postscript, hired him to do another job. He came to New York by plane, according to the letter of the road marked route to a place looked up to see a Jinbi splendid hotel with standing in front of him. Originally, the night a few months ago, he received is a billionaire millionaire millionaire. Weng and his wife bought a hotel for the waiter waiter, convinced that he would manage the letter of this hotel shop. Is the world's first manager Hilton hotel with a great reputation and the legendary story.Things are compassionate from a rich, full of love the wisdom mind: "let me start to think of a way. In mathematics field, we need a certain logic logical inference, and precise solution to verify the reasonable; to the world of literature, with borrow is good human nature, touching plot and unexpected and happy ending.. but you found no: whether literature or mathematics, outcomes are magical -- with the original wisdom is able to produce a miracle.12, a pair of brothers, they lived on the 80 floors upstairs. One day they travel for home, found the building power outage! Although they carry big luggage, but it seems not what other choice, so to my brother said to the brother, we will climb the stairs so they go on! Carrying two big baggage began to climb the stairs. Climb to the 20 floor when they start up, "said the elder brother. The bag is too heavy, and as such, we put the bag here, so call to take the elevator." then they put the luggage put on the 20 floor, easy more, continue to climb.They have said to have smiled and climbed to 40, but good times don't last long, floor, two people are really tired. Thought has also climbed only half, two people begin to complain about each other, accused each other do not pay attention to the building power outage announcement will come to this fate. They quarreled edge while climbing it climbed up to the 600 floor to the 60 floor. They get tired, they had no strength to quarrel. His younger brother said, "we don't make it, climb it." then they continue to climb stairs in silence, and finally to the 800 floor! Brothers excitedly came to the door they found that their keys left in the 20 floor bag... 。Some people say that this story is actually a reflection of our life: 200 years old, we live in the family, under the old teacher's expectation, burdened with a lot more pressure and burden, also not mature enough, lack of ability, so the walking shoe is unsteady.20 years later, leaving the public pressure the bag, remove the burden, we spare no effort to pursue his own dreams, so happily lived for 20 years. But in the 40 year, youth is gone, I have many regrets and repent, then begin to regret this, regret that a hug, complain about this, that resentment on this. So complaining about moderate The past 20 years. At the age of 60, and found that life is not much left, then tell yourself not to complain, and cherish the rest of the day day! So quietly walked from his years. To the end side of life, just think of yourself like what things are not finished originally, we all dreams are in the 20 year old youth, and have not had time to complete.13, there is a performance play before the masters, his disciples tell him loose shoelace. Thanks to the master nodded, squat down carefully is good. Wait until after the turn of the disciples, then squat down to the shoes loose shoelace. There is an observer to see all of this, asked: "master, you why should the shoelace loose?" the master replied: "because I played a hard journey, journey to let his shoelace loose open, can through the details of the performance of his tired haggard." "why did you not tell what your brother son" he can carefully discover my shoes shoelaces loose, and eager to Tell me I, I must protect his enthusiasm of this enthusiasm, in a timely manner to encourage him to encourage, as to why the lace will be opened, there will be more opportunities to teach him his performance, you can say again next time "A man can only do one thing, understand the focus, is the real talent.14, a person in the top of the mountain Yingchao, caught a young eagle, young eagle he brought home, and raised in the cages. The young eagle and chicken pecking, play and rest. It is thought he was a chicken. The Eagle Eagle grew wings plump, the main owner want to train falcons, but because all day and chicken mixed together, it has become exactly the same as the chicken, the root had no desire to fly. Try to master a variety of ways, and have no effect, and finally put it to the top of the hill, it threw a out. The eagle like stone like, straight fall, panic disorder. It is hard to swat wings Bang, so, it finally flew up!Tip: hone the strength of the call to success15, a man named Abag everyone living in Inner Mongolia grassland. One, the young Abag and his dad lost his way on the prairie, Abag was tired and afraid, and finally a quick walk. My father from his pocket coin coins, a coin is buried in the grass. And, the rest are put up in the hands of Abag, said: "life is a gold coin, children's childhood, youth, youth, middle age, old age each have one, you can now use a, is buried in the grass that one, you can't take a throw in the grass the grassland, you should be a little bit of land, often times with different, so don't waste your life Today we must be out of the prairie, you will one must go out of the grassland. The world is very big, and people alive, will go some place, and see more, do not let your gold does not use the discarded. "His father encouraged, the day abage out of the prairie grass grew up., abage left home and became an outstanding captain.The secret: cherish life, can be able to get out of the frustration of the swamp.166, there are two brothers, aged 44 at the age of five, however, as the bedroom windows are closed all day, they think Aya Chita dark, see outside the bright sun, feel very envious. Brother brother two discuss said: "we can put together outside the sun came to sweep a little. Then, the two brothers with a broom broom and dustpan to sweep up the sun sun terrace. When they moved to the dustpan when the inside of the room, there will be no sunshine. So again and again 33 so many times, the house is a little sunshine in the kitchen are not. A busy mother surprised to see them move up, Asked: "what are you doing?" they replied: "the room is dark, we have to sweep the sun in," she said with a smile: "as long as the windows open, the sun will come in, why should we sweep it?""Tip: to the closed door open, the success of Yang Yangguang will be able to disperse the failure of the dark.17, after the rain, a spider hard to the wall has been climbingconstruction quality acceptance and assessment Regulation (Professional Edition) (DL/T5210.2-2009~DL/T5210.8-2009); 1.9 the quality checkout and evaluation of electric equipment installation engineering code (DL/T 5161.1-2002~5161.17-2002); 1.10 the norms of construction supervision, the electric power construction supervision regulations

　Writing material: three hundred philosophical storiesThe three hundred chapter of philosophical story1, a turkey and a cow idle gossip, Turkey said: I want to fly to the top of the tree, but I have no courage to say. Cattle: why I do not eat the cow dung, they are very nutritious. Turkey eat a cow dung, and found it did give it enough power fly to the root branch, the second day, the turkey ate more dung, fly to the second tree branches, two weeks later, the proud Turkey proudly flew to the top of the tree, but soon, a farmer saw it, quickly to shoot it down from the tree.The survival of 1: luck can let you reach the top of the peak, but can not let you stay there.2, the crow stands on the tree, the whole day doing nothing, rabbit saw a crow, ask: can I like you, the whole day what all need not stem? About the crow: of course, what is not so, the rabbit is under the tree on the ground began to rest, suddenly, a fox appeared in fox, it jumped to catch the rabbit, swallowed it.Survival of the road 2: if you want to stand and do nothing, then you must stand tall, very high.3, a bird bird fly to the south for the winter. The weather is very cold, and almost frozen bird. So, fly to a large space, after a cow there, in a pile of cow dung in the small bird, frozen bird lying on the dunghill, feel very warm, gradually gradually wake up, it is warm and comfortable lying, and soon began to sing songs, only a passing wildcat hear voices in the past and see, follow the voice of the wild cat soon found lying on the dunghill bird, pull it out to eat.Survival 3: not everyone often lead the dung upon your people are your enemies. Each of you is not pulled out of the dung midden people are your friends, and, when you lying on the dunghill lane, it is best to keep your mouth shut.4, there is a bottle bottom, this bottle is a troll storm. It is a five hundred years ago to check into the bottle fairy troll. The devil once made a wish, who can put this bottle picked up, opened the cork, and rescued him out, he would give this man a gold Jinshan. However, over the past five hundred years, no one has put up the bottle. Troll very annoyed. He said: "after the curse, if who rescued me, I will swallow up one of th