人事部二级笔译真题,2004年5月至2010年11月部分真题集锦

　 2004 年 年 5 月人事部英语二级笔译实务真题

　Section 1: English-Chinese Translation

　( 英译汉) (60 points)

　This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” **prises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passages in Part B into Chinese. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B.

　 The time for this section is 100 minutes.

　Part A Compulsory Translation ( 必译题) （30 points ）

　The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969 and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so.

　There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last 20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science

　moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it.

　The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and **plex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made

　 by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.

　Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points ）

　Topic 1 ( 选题一)

　It’s not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don’t want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into conceit. We don’t want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun.

　But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September,

　 we got excited. He had said the day before, “I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. It’s O.K., to have some doubt, and it’s O.K. to have some nervousness.” A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and **pletely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak. Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. “But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve,” says an NBA source. The problem with Jordan’s return is not only that he can’t possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 — earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives **ing back — needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does not — violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century’s first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babe’s pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence. To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won’t get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he won’t be the league scoring leader, that’s a loss of control.

　Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tell him not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan.

　Topic 2 (选题二)

　Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn’t I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked? As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn’t I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of? My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle’s home in provincial Barddhaman — a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me

　—

　if my grades didn’t improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about “Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families”. There were apparently, a million ways in which one

　could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she

　 disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was “over my dead body.” It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me — that is, if she loved me at all. After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I’d shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She’d write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I’d call her from the United States and tell her all the things I’d been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which

　 she’d developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally — or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born. My son’s birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I

　 hadn’t imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love

　—

　what was that all about? Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I’d moved the extra bed into the baby’s room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.

　 Section 2: Chinese-English Translation

　( 汉译英) (40 points)

　This section consists of two parts: Part A “Compulsory Translation” and Part B “Optional Translations” **prises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passages in Part B into English. Write “Compulsory Translation” above your translation of Part A and write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.

　Part A

　Compulsory Translation (必译题)（20 points）

　 奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥 林匹克精神。体育的目的在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的 发展和进步。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦（Pieere de Coubertin ）认为体育 是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同 文化之间的相互理解，从而促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明。这一理想使奥 林匹克运动得以经百年而不衰。作为全世界奥林匹克大家庭成员的一个盛大聚 会，奥林匹克运动已经成为促进世界和平、进步与发展的一只重要社会力量。

　Part B

　Optional Translations （二选一题）（20 points ）

　Topic 1 (选题一)

　近年来，中国经济保持快速发展，为世界经济发展注入了活力。实践证明了 中国在加入世贸组织之前的预言：中国的发展离不开世界，世界的发展需要中国。未来 20 年，在全面建设小康社会的进程中，中国一定会对世界经济的发展和实 现全人类的共同进步做出历史性的贡献。为此，中国将继续扩大外贸，大力实施 西部大开发战略，进一步改善投资环境，为外商提供更大的商机。同时，中国将 引导和支持更多有比较优势的企业对外投资，开展平等互利、形式多样的经济技 术合作。中国将进一步加强双边、多边和区域经济合作，实现世界各国各地区的 共同发展。

　Topic 2 (选题二)

　移动电话正在成为 21 世纪一个主要的技术领域。在几年之内，移动电话将 会发展成为多功能的通信工具，除了语音之外，还可以传输和接收视频信号、静 止图像、数据和文本。个人通信的新纪元即将到来。

　 在一定程度上多亏了无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起 来。不久之后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接。人们可以随 时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种手机也许还会吸收电脑 的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望带来一些互联网所能提供的新服务，如股票 交易、购物及预订戏票和飞机票。

　电信革命已在全球范围内展开。不久之后，用一台装置就可以收到几乎任何 形式的电子通信信号。最有可能的是一部三合一手机。在家里它可以用作无绳电 话，在路上用作移动电话，在办公室里用作内部通话装置。有些专家甚至认为移 动视像电话将超过电视，成为主要的视频信息来源。

　 答案部分：

　Section 1：英译汉(60 分)

　《必译题》(30 分)

　《人类的进程》一书的提纲初稿是 1969 年 7 月完成的，影片的最后一部分 是 1972 年 12 月拍摄的。像这样大的一个项目，虽然异常精彩，令人激动，却并 不是轻易上马的。它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我还 必须能持之以恒，并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作； 我还应当说明一下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。

　 二十年来，科学的发展趋势发生了深刻的变化：关注的焦点已经从自然科学转移到生命科学。结果，便把科学越来越吸引到个体特性的研究。然而相关的观 察者几乎没有认识到此事对于改变科学塑造的人的形象产生了多么深远的影响。

　我是一个研究数学的人，后来学了物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命 科学，我也不会有所认识。我应当感谢我交的好运，是它使我在一生中参与了两 个创新的科学领域。尽管我并不知道应该向谁表示感谢，我编写了《人类的进程》 一书，以表示我的感激之情。

　英国广播公司邀请我做的是通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程，以与 克拉克勋爵制作的关于文明的电视节目相匹配。通过电视来进行解说有几大好 处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切， 能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。这些优点之中，我认为最后 一点最为突出，它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度 来讲述各种思想的发展史。重要的是知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思 想构成的，而是由人的思想构成的，自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不 如此。所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而 且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。同时 还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类 的贡献：种种发现都是人的产物，而不仅仅是头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气 的，而且具有个人的特色。如果电视未能把这些思想表现得很具体，那岂不是浪 费！

　《二选一题》(30 分)

　《选题一》

　不是因为我们害怕看到他会失误，给他辉煌的生涯上画上遗憾的一笔。从善 意的角度说，我们想让迈克知道，我们仍然欣赏他，至少在我们的记忆中，他仍 然是英雄。事实上，我们不想让他重返球场，即使他是迈克尔*乔丹。我们觉得 这是个贸然之举，我们不想看到自信的商标蜕变成一种自负的象征。我们不想让 他重返球场，因为没人喜欢卖弄。失误呢?

　那将会很有趣。

　 但是我们是有着 225 年乐观历史的美国人，我们都是好心人。当乔丹几天前宣布他将在九月重返 NBA

　时，我们曾为之一振。宣布的前一天，他说过：“我 盼望能打球，并希望事情能如愿以偿。有些人怀疑，有些人紧张，都属正常。”

　《时代》周刊和美国有线新闻网上周做得一项民意调查表明，每两个美国人当中 就有一个人希望乔丹尽快重返赛场。只有 21%的人们认为，如果他的重返导致一 场彻底失败，将会损害他的传奇。事实上只有 28%的人认为运动员应该在他的运动巅峰时期引退。

　 与乔丹关系密切的人告诉《时代》周刊，当乔丹第一次谈到重返他与其他人 共同拥有的华盛顿奇才队并为之效力时，一些他最信任的顾问试图私下打消他的 愿望。“但他们说，如果试图阻止他，只能坚定他的决心，”一位 NBA

　的人士如 是说。

　 乔丹重返所产生的问题不仅仅在于他不可能重现在 1998 年的神话，那一年， 他以一个精彩的最后一秒投篮，使球队赢得了冠军，也为自己赢得了第六只金指 环。问题是他重返的动机—他需要人们的关注，需要在 38 岁体力不支时，仍然 打球。这一切都有悖于他所创造的神话——一个展示绝对控制力的神话。如果说 二十世纪的第一个球星巴比*鲁斯是一个身材魁梧肥胖的鲁莽之夫和酒鬼天才， 乔丹则证明了刚毅所能带来的优雅风度，并以此结束了二十世纪。巴比对观众的 颐

　 指气使被乔丹无奈耸肩的魅力所取代。

　乔丹代表着成功，因为他的名字没有 被他的政治倾向，他的观点或是他的超级明星个性所玷污。乔丹迷就是典雅和自信迷。

　明明知道加盟奇才队他将不可能进入联赛第二轮赛事，明明知道他将与联赛 最佳投手无缘，他的重返赛场就是一种失控。

　乔丹并不在乎我们在想什么。他的朋友说：他把所有奉劝他不要复出的文章 都贴在冰箱上作为激励。那么，我们为什么还要喋喋不休地告诉他不要复出呢？ 他依然是迈克尔*乔丹。

　《选题二》

　即使我长大些，不再适合做这样的游戏，不再对母亲说我爱她，我仍然相信 自己是世上最好的女儿。难道不是吗？每当母亲吩咐，我不是总一路跑着到阳台 去察看晒在那儿的腌芒果？

　当我步入少年，我好像变成了一个更乖更可爱的女儿。难道不是吗？每天下 午，当妈妈需要新的调料，我不是总放下手头的工作去街角的杂货店帮她买？

　另一方面，我的母亲对我的爱却好像越来越少。有时她活像个巫婆，因为她 威胁如果我的学习成绩还没有起色，就要把我送到远在巴哈马乡下的二叔家—— 这对于像我这样心高气傲的加尔各答女孩而言，将是比死亡更悲惨的命运。有时 她又会让我坐着听她讲有关“带给家庭耻辱的女孩”的故事。显然一个人会面对 许多变坏的可能，因此母亲决心让我对每个可能都保持警惕。基本上，她对我想 做的每一件事都持反对意见，从去美国学习到烫头发。她的口头禅是“除非我死 了”。很明显，我对母亲的爱远远超过了她对我的爱——如果她爱我的话。

　当我结束了在美国的研究生学习并结了婚，我和母亲的关系改善了许多。虽 然偶尔她还对我的当作家的选择表示怀疑，但总的来说她认为我做的事情还算不错。对于她我也这样认为。我们之间建立起一种循环：她从印度写信给我，告诉 我各种趣闻，并寄来我最喜欢的腌芒果；我从美国打电话给她，告诉她我打算做 的事情，并寄去她喜欢的香草布丁。我们的爱是对等的——至少在我的儿子阿南 德出生前，我是这样认为的。

　儿子的降生一下子打乱了我平静、规律、有秩序的生活，使我措手不及。出 院后的六周里，我一直被产后抑郁症的阴影包围着。当夜里我和我的丈夫抱着哭 闹不止的儿子，走来走去哄他睡觉，我开始认真考虑是否要“撤退”。我怀疑自 己是否适合做母亲。母爱——究竟是什么？

　 有一天清晨，我在为阿南德换尿布，他突然咧开没有牙的嘴，冲我笑起来。

　那一刻我在想，这个褐色的瘦弱的小东西毕竟还是很可爱的。之后事情就进展得 很顺利了。不知不觉之间，我已在婴儿室里添了一张床并在很多天晚上睡在那儿， 陪着我心爱的宝贝。

　 Section 2：汉译英

　(40 分)

　《必译题》(20 分)

　The vitality and special appeal of the Olympic Games lie in the Olympic spirit， which is the soul of the Games. The goal of sports is to **prehensive physical and mental development and，on the basis of this，to accelerate social progress. Pierre de Coubertin，founder of the modern Olympiad，considered sports a great undertaking of humanity. The goal of the Olympic Movement defined by him is to promote understanding among different countries and cultures，maintain world peace and advance human civilization. This ideal has enabled the Olympic Games to thrive for more than a century. The Olympic Games have been a grand gathering of members of the Olympic family throughout the world，and the Olympic Movement has become a major social force to promote world peace，progress and development. 《二选一题》(20 分)

　《选题一》

　In recent years，China’s economy has maintained rapid development，injecting vigor into global economic growth. Facts have confirmed the prediction made by China before its WTO accession:

　 China’s development cannot be sustained without the world，and world development needs China. In **ing 20 years，China is bound to make historic contributions to global economic development and to **mon progress of mankind，while building a well-off society in an all-round way. To achieve this，China will continue to expand foreign trade，energetically implement its west development strategy，further improve

　its investment environment，and provide overseas investors with greater business opportunities. Meanwhile，it will guide and **petitive enterprises to invest overseas and carry out diverse forms of economic and technological cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. China will further intensify bilateral，multilateral and regional economic cooperation，so as to **mon development in all countries and regions in the world. 《选题二》

　The cell phone is becoming one of the major technologies of the 21st century. Within

　 a

　few

　 years,

　it

　will

　become

　a multi-functional

　communicator

　capable

　 of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but also video, still images, data and text. A new era of **munication is on the way.

　 Thanks

　 in

　part

　 to

　the

　 growth

　of

　wireless

　networks,

　 the

　telephone

　 is converging with the **puter and the television. Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites. People can talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of computers. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new services that are available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, shopping and booking theater and airline tickets.

　 The **munication revolution is developing around the globe. It will soon be possible to receive almost all forms of **munication through a single device. A three-in-one phone is most likely. It can serve as a cordless at home, a cell phone

　 on

　 the

　 road

　 and

　 an

　 **

　 at

　 work.

　 Some

　 experts

　 even

　 suggest

　 that

　 cell videophones could overtake television as the major source of visual information.

　 2005 年 年 11 月 英译汉部分 The Gap Between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. Capital Washington D.C. ranks first among the 40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of households in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced. The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent. "I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge," David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area. The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the area"s special job

　 opportunities, which attract high-income households. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school. "In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reasons why high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. to the Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools," stated Garrison. "As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor." The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. "The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper," Garrison explained. Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, "No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and won"t be fixed overnight." Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the District"s tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C."s infrastructure. "But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. " Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. "Bush"s tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all… it just didn"t benefit them as much as it did the rich, " Garrison said. "The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bush"s tax-cut plan much." Garrison concludes, "A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration." 英译汉参考答案 美国首都贫富不均情况加重 美国首都独立研究机构华盛顿特区财政政策研究院（DC Fiscal Policy Institute）于 7 月 22 日公布的一份其最新的研究报告显示，华盛顿特区的贫富差距居全美 40 个大都会区之冠，20%最富有的家庭其年收入高达$186,830 美元，是 20%最贫穷家庭年收入（仅$6,126 美元）的31 倍。虽然亚大兰大和迈阿密两市的贫富差距与华盛顿相当，但其贫富不均的情况却不如华盛顿明显。

　 报告指出，华盛顿特区贫富差距逐渐加大主要是发生在 90 年代。在过去十年中，20%最富有的家庭其年收入增长了 36 倍，而 20%最贫穷家庭的年收入仅仅增加了 3 倍。

　“我认为中高收入家庭过分集中在特区的情况仍然会持续下去，在未来十年内贫富鸿沟恐怕难以拉近，”布鲁金斯学院（Brookigns Institution）专攻大华盛顿地区经济和社会形势的高级研究员大卫·盖立森（Daivd Garrison）对《华盛顿观察》周刊说道。

　这份报告将华盛顿特区的贫富鸿沟归咎于当地特殊的工作机会。而这些工作往往会吸引高收入家庭搬到此地。特别是华盛顿也是美国联邦政府的所在地，而联邦政府和与政府相关的行业，如院外游说团体和政府合约承包商等等，不断提供高薪工作，也使得华府的高收入家庭有不断增加的趋势。举例来说，一个单身的年轻专业人士从法学院毕业后，在华府的律师事务所服务第一年的年收入可高达$100,000 美元。

　“此外，华盛顿特区也提供高品质的住宅（high-quality housing），这也是为什么高薪家庭选择在华府居住的主因之一，”盖立森分析道，“而一般中低收入家庭，在有余力的情况下，为了孩子能够上较好的学校而选择搬离华盛顿特区，移至分布于马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的住宅区。” 在高收入家庭不断迁移到特区、中低阶层的家庭移出，而最贫穷的家庭又面临无处，也无力可搬的窘境时，就造成我们现在看到的，贫富悬殊的华盛顿特区，”盖立森对《华盛顿观察》周刊说到。

　盖立森此处所指的华盛顿特区指的是约有 56 万人口的都市（District of Columbia）本身，不包括整个华盛顿大都会区（Greater Washington Metro Area），“整个华盛顿大都会区人口高达500 万人，但低收入户却只往华盛顿特区集中，”他特别解释道。

　“不论我们如何努力吸引商家到华盛顿特区投资，华府有一部分的低收入家庭就是无法从中受惠，没有办法得到特区独特的高薪工作机会。” 华盛顿市长办公室发言人托尼·布拉克（Tony Bullock）说，“贫富差距的背后许多复杂的原因，是不能在一夕之间就改变的。”他言谈间颇有对特区的贫富悬殊无可奈何之叹。

　盖立森则认为，特区政府的确应该吸引高收入家庭到特区居住，因为这样能够带来更多税收，对市政建设有积极作用。“但同时，特区政府也应该重视穷人的权益，设立好的学校、提供健全的社会福利等等，这些市政措施都能有效地改善特区严重的贫富不均状况。” 但盖立森对未来贫富差距是否真能拉近不是十分乐观，他尤其对这波经济复苏是不是能帮助到穷人保持怀疑的态度：“布什的减税方案虽然带动了美国这波经济复苏，有工作的人和富人的确享受到不少好处，但对穷人的帮助虽然不能说是完全没有，也只能说是不如富人的获益高，”盖立森分析道，“美国一般的工薪族（working class），也就是那些做初级工作、拿最低工资、老老实实缴税的人，实在没有从布什的减税案得到太大益处。” 盖立森总结说：“美国许多城市并没有享受到美国经济好转所带来的积极价值，但华盛顿特区一直以来受到联邦政府的庇佑，它贫富悬殊的情况仍然如此严重，确实值得深入的研究和检讨。”

　实务汉译英和参考答案 ２５年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从１９７８年至２００３年的２５年间，中国经济年均增长９．４％。２５年前，中国年国内生产总值为１４７３亿美元，去年已达到１４０００多亿美元。２５年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为２０６亿美元，去年已达到８５１２亿美元。２５年前，中国外汇储备为１．６７亿美元，去年已达到４０３３亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键

　 的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。

　中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破１０００美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。

　我们已经明确了本世纪头２０年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到２０２０年实现国内生产总值比２０００年翻两番，达到４万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到３０００美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。

　参考译文 Over the past 25 years, China has been firmly pressing ahead with the implementation of the reform program and the initiative of opening up to the outside world. With the establishment of a preliminary socialist market economy, and the nation’s economy attaining an outward-oriented perspective, the productive forces and **prehensive **petence have been on the rising curve constantly. And various social undertakings have been developing in full swing. The living standard of the Chinese people as a whole has undergone a historical leap from a subsistence level to the level of moderate prosperity. In the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, the annual growth rate of China"s economy was running at an average of 9.4 percent, with its GDP jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars. 25 years ago, China’s foreign trade value and foreign exchange reserves each stood at 20.6 billion and 167 million in US dollars, but last year they shot up to 851.2 billion US dollars and 403.3 billion US dollars respectively. China has now become the sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader in the world. The tremendous changes in China are attributed to the fact that we have adhered to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in our reform and opening endeavors, which brought into full play the Chinese people"s initiative, enthusiasm and creativeness. Though China has scored impressive achievements in its development, we must not lose sight of our problems: overpopulation, a weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and the fairly sharp contradictions between the country"s ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and its economic and social development on the other. China"s per capita GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks well behind the 100th place in the world. To realize China"s modernization program and offer all the Chinese people a prosperous life there is yet an uphill battle to fight. We have already set our vision for the first 20 years of this century, which involves the building of a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard in an all-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people. By 2020 the GDP will be quadrupled from the figure of 2000 to 4 trillion US dollars, with the per capita level averaging at 3,000 US dollars. By then the nation will be immersed in an ambience of greater social harmony with an improved quality of life for the people, featuring a more developed economy, more sound democracy, more thriving culture and

　 more advanced science and education.

　6 2006 年 年 1 11 月

　English to Chinese Compulsory Translation This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.

　 They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.

　 Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwater for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.

　 What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries.

　 Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.

　 Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.

　 We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there’s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. 务 二级笔译实务 Topic 1 John Kenneth Galbraith, the iconoclastic economist, teacher and diplomat, died Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was 97. Mr. Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of economics; among his 33 books was "The Affluent Society" （1958 ）, one of those rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values. He wrote fluidly, even on complex topics, and many of **pelling phrases - among them "the affluent society," "conventional wisdom" and "countervailing power" - became part of the language.

　 An imposing presence, lanky and angular at 6 feet 8 inches tall, Mr. Galbraith was consulted frequently by national leaders, an...