2020-2021学年高一英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit6NurturingnatureSectionⅡ导学讲义

Section Ⅱ　Using language 1.As tourism develops, people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment.随着旅游业的发展,人们越来越关注环境。(教材P67) 语言点1 be concerned about关注;担心 情境探究 ①As far as he is concerned,it is impossible to betray his friends.对他而言,背叛自己的朋友是不可能的。

②There is growing concern about violence on television. 人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。

③She is concerned about her son＇s future. 她为她儿子的将来担忧。

④This country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places, which is concerned with most people. 这个国家发起了一场禁止在公共场合抽烟的运动,这与大多数人都相关。

归纳拓展 (1)be concerned about/for...对……担忧/忧虑 be concerned about/with...对……感兴趣;对……关注 concerned adj.担心的,忧虑的;感兴趣的,关切的,关注的 as far as sb. is concerned就某人而言 (2)concern n.担心,忧虑;关爱,关心 vt.涉及;影响;牵涉;与……有关 concern about/for/over对……的担心/忧虑 concern oneself about/with对……感兴趣 (3)concerning prep.涉及,关于 误区警示
形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的,有关的”。例如:a concerned look“关切的神情”;the authorities concerned“有关当局”。

语境助记 The mayor was very concerned about the workers＇ safety. He showed much concern for those who worked underground and asked them some questions concerning safety. He asked the officials concerned to put safety in the first place.市长很关心工人的安全。他对那些在地面下工作的人非常关心,并且问了他们一些关于安全的问题。他要求相关的官员把安全放在第一位。

学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①Nowadays people are more concerned(concern) about the environment where they live. ②Making the right decisionconcerning(concern) the future is an important thing we should do in our lives. ③The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned about/with the result. (2)一句多译 我订购了一些与我的专业有关的杂志。

④I subscribed to a number of journals which/that were concerned with my major.(含定语从句的复合句)  ⑤I subscribed to a number of journals concerned with my major.(concerned)  ⑥I subscribed to a number of journals concerning my major.(concerning) 2.However, the local people worry that building the hotel is not eco-friendly and will disturb the wildlife...然而,当地人担心建造酒店不环保,会干扰野生动物……(教材P67) 语言点2 disturb v.干扰,扰乱 情境探究 ①I regret disturbing you so long. 我很抱歉打扰了你这么久。

②I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news. 这则消息使我深感不安和沮丧。

③When a tomb is opened, fresh air will disturb the viruses. 墓穴被打开时,新鲜空气会干扰病毒。

④She couldn＇t do with noise and disturbances any longer, and left.她再也受不了吵吵闹闹,于是走开了。

归纳拓展 (1)It disturbs sb. to do sth.做某事使某人不安 (2)disturbed adj.心神不安的,心烦意乱的 be disturbed by/about/at为……感到不安 disturbing adj.令人不安的,引起烦恼的 (3)disturbance n.干扰 易混辨析 disturb 指“打搅,打扰”,侧重于对某人动作或行为的干扰或干预,给别人带来较长时间的耽搁或不能专注于某事,或搅乱一种正常的状态 interrupt 指“中断,打断,打扰”,主要指对某人谈话或某一活动的打扰,使对方的活动停下来,或不能继续谈话 trouble 指因麻烦别人所造成的不便而说的客气话 语境助记 I don＇t mind being interrupted by the students in class but I do hate being disturbed by the noise made by the machines from the construction site near my school.我不介意被课堂上的学生打断,但我确实讨厌被学校附近建筑工地的机器发出的噪音打扰。

学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①They were charged with disturbing (disturb) the public peace. ②It disturbs me to betray my family and friends. ③The traffic jams in many cities make citizens feel frequently disturbed(disturb). (2)单句写作 ④(2019课标全国Ⅰ)我很快发现,自从那些天令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况大有改观。

I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reportsof camps among tons of rubbish.  3.But they also admit that building the hotel will provide more jobs for people living in the area.但是他们也承认建造酒店会给住在当地的人提供更多的工作(机会)。(教材P67) 语言点3 句型公式:现在分词短语作后置定语 情境探究 ①Do you know the number of people coming to the party? 你知道来参加聚会的人数吗? ②The freeway being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport. 正在建设的高速公路将直通新港码头。

③The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its permanence. 文学的第三个特质,除另外两个之外,是它的持久性。

归纳拓展 (1)现在分词作定语,表示正在进行或主动的动作。

(2)动词的-ing形式作定语时,单个动词的-ing形式作定语,常放在被修饰词前作前置定语,如果是短语作定语,则常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。

(3)现在分词的逻辑主语是其表示的动作的承受者时用被动形式:being+过去分词,表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作,常作后置定语。

学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies. ②Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting(wait) for her. (2)句式升级 ③The girl who is standing under the tree is really charming. →The girl standing under the tree is really charming.(现在分词作定语) 4.Even though the owner of the company guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings, the local people are still concerned that the hotel may use up natural resources.尽管公司的所有者保证设计会与它美丽的环境协调,但是当地人仍然担心酒店可能会把自然资源耗尽。(教材P67) 语言点4 in harmony with与……协调/一致 情境探究 ①His tastes are in harmony with mine.他的爱好和我的相同。

②To our satisfaction, most of us have realized the importance of living in harmony with nature.令我们满意的是,我们大多数人已经意识到与自然和谐相处的重要性。

③Their life is a natural harmony. 他们的生活是一种自然的和谐。

④The sky and the sea here make a harmonious picture. 这儿的天空和大海构成了一幅和谐的画面。

归纳拓展 (1)harmony n.和谐;协调;融洽 in harmony和睦地;和谐地 live in harmony with...与……和睦相处 out of harmony with...与……不一致/不和谐 (2)harmonious adj.和谐的;协调的 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①Their harmonious(harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals. ②We should bear in mind that social development and the balance of nature should go in harmony. (2)完成句子 ③Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature(与自然和谐相处).   语言点5 use up用完,耗尽 情境探究 ①She＇s used up all the hot water.她把热水都用完了。

②We are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials.我们正在制造更多的垃圾,用尽更多的原材料。

③She made full use of her contacts in the organization. 她充分利用了她在机构中的人脉。

归纳拓展 come into use开始使用 make (good/full) use of好好/充分利用 make the best/most use of充分利用 be of use有用的 in use在使用中 put into use投入使用 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①I do wish you wouldn＇t use up all the resources. ②The old machine is no longer in use. ③He declared it was of no use to work on his farm. ④When did the telephone come into use? (2)单句写作 ⑤如果你的办公室有门,好好利用它。

If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.  5.Increased tourist numbers will also mean more cars and aeroplanes, which in turn means higher carbon emissions.游客数量增加也将意味着更多的汽车和飞机,这也相应地意味着更高的碳排放量。(教材P67) 语言点6 in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流;逐个 情境探究 ①He spends too much time on Chinese, which in turn affects his progress in other subjects. 他在(学习)语文上花了太多时间,这相应地影响了他在其他学科上的进步。

②I was hard on my eldest son and he, in turn, was mean to his little brother. 我对大儿子很严厉,相应地,他就对他弟弟很刻薄。

③Each of us in turn had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives. 我们每个人都得挨个说一说(喝)酒如何影响了我们的生活。

④Why did she turn down your invitation? 她为什么谢绝你的邀请? 归纳拓展 (1)take turns依次;轮流 (2)turn up偶然出现;开大 turn down把……调低;拒绝 turn in上交,提交 turn into变成 turn out结果是,证明是 turn away不准……入内;把……拒之门外 turn back(使)原路返回,往回走 turn over移交;(使)翻转 turn to sb. for help向某人求助 turn upside down完全颠倒 turn against(使)与……反目成仇,变得敌对 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. ②“Thank you very much.” He then turned to me, “You have a wonderful son.” ③Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, in turn, were winning contests. (2)单句写作 ④(2018课标全国Ⅱ)小时候我父母教我的游戏后来在我的生活中变得非常有用。

The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.  Ⅰ.语境填词 1.The Japanese economy (经济) grew at an annual rate of more than 10 percent. 2.The area was covered in dense jungle (丛林). 3.He is a very clever operator (经营者) with an incisive mind. 4.He put his oars(桨) in the water and disturbed (干扰) the smooth surface of the lake. 5.Conservationists (动植物保护工作者) are fighting to save our local animals. 6.The increased use of natural gas will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions(排放物). Ⅱ.语境选词 concerned about, in particular, bat away, pull off, use up, in harmony with, in turn, brush off 1.Don＇t worry about that mark; it will brush off.  2.He frowns, and makes a motion with his hand as though to bat away this strange idea.  3.We pulled off the deal.  4.Speaking as a parent, I＇m very concerned about standards in education.  5.One reason the sea unlike the land is not covered with plants is that it lacks important nutrients—iron, in particular.   6.Don＇t let yesterday use up too much of today.  7.We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.  8.Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.   Ⅲ.语法专练 A:Hi, John. I 1.haven＇t heard (not hear) much from you lately. What 2.have you been doing (do)?  B:I 3.have been researching (research) unexplained things recently, and it＇s a lot of fun. I already 4.have done (do) lots of interesting reading and I 5.have started (start) some writing.  A:Really? What 6.have youachieved (achieve) so far? B:Well, I already 7.have read (read) an article about a boy who disappeared, and I 8.have found (find) many websites about aliens and other mysteries. Some of these websites describe what the aliens look like. I 9.have started (start) drawing some pictures of them.  A:What kind of pictures have you been drawing? B:I 10.have been making (make) a comic strip about aliens visiting the Earth. I＇ll get it done today. Oh! Look at the time! I have a class at two o＇clock. I have to go now, but I＇ll e-mail it to you.  Ⅰ.单句填空 1.She pulls off her hat and her hair blows across her mouth, tasting of salt. 2.The president is deeply concerned about this issue. 3.I am very tired. I have been working(work)all the time.  4.For both operators (operator) and consumers, it is not a good sign. 5.The following programme contains scenes that may be disturbing (disturb)to some viewers. 6.With all the money he had saved used up, the man had to make a living by begging. 7.He loves science fiction in particular. 8.Ireland was one of the fastest-growing economies (economy) in Western Europe in the 1990s. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.你终于来了!我等了你两个小时。(现在完成进行时) You have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours.  2.他是个教授,那是我一直盼望从事的职业。(非限制性定语从句) He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming.  3.从6月开始,玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课。(现在完成进行时) Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June.  4.他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。(现在分词短语作后置定语) They built a highway leading to the mountains.  5.房间里的颜色不是彼此协调的。(in harmony with) The colours in the room aren＇t in harmony with each other.  Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2020湖北武汉华中师大附中期末) London has just signed to be the first National Park City. Sadiq Khan, mayor of London, along with several organizations and individuals, signed the London National Park City Charter(宪章) on Monday. London has already been extremely park-like. With a large number of urban parks, waterways and 8.4 million trees, it has a lower urban density (密度) than many other major cities. It is also home to 15,000 species. The charter aims to improve the lives and well-being of people and wildlife by improving the natural environment of the city. In practical terms, that means trying to reach the goal of turning 50% of the city into green space by 2050. That can be achieved by asking residents to change empty lots and yards into gardens, planting more trees throughout the city and even cutting holes in garden fences. Adding green roofs to existing buildings is also part of the plan. One way to help achieve its goal is pairing development with conservation. London is expected to add some 2 million new residents to its current population by 2040, meaning it needs thousands and thousands of new homes. Home developers can play a role by surrounding new homes with parks or nature reserves. “Inspired by the aims and values of the world＇s national parks, the London National Park City is fundamentally about making life better in the capital through both small everyday things and long-term strategic thinking,” said Daniel Raven-Ellison, founder of the concept. “It＇s about lifting our ambitions, going further to make the city greener, healthier and wilder, improving our mental health, cleaning our air, making the city richer in wildlife, freeing children to play and meet friends outdoors again, solving the climate crisis and bring more joy to the city,” He added. Timothy Beatley, an urban planner, says countless cities have already woken up to the idea that greening and improving natural connections make urban life much better. “The basic idea is that nature in cities is not optional but absolutely essential to a happy, healthy and meaningful life,” He said. 1.What are mentioned in Paragraphs 3 and 4 about the green move? A.The conflicts caused by the charter. B.Different voices about the move. C.Specific ways to expand green space. D.Challenges the move will run into. 2.What attitude did the founder and the planner hold towards the charter? A.Skeptical.　　　B.Critical. C.Reserved.　　　D.Favorable. 3.What can be a suitable title for the passage? A.A green and meaningful life in London B.London to be“National Park City” C.Reasons for more green space in London D.Green ways to make London park-like 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦刚刚签署成为第一个国家公园城市,还描述了它的现状以及将来的一些具体做法。

1.C　推理判断题。第三段中的That can be achieved by asking residents to change empty lots and yards into gardens, planting more trees throughout the city and even cutting holes in garden fences. Adding green roofs to existing buildings is also part of the plan.和第四段中的Home developers can play a role by surrounding new homes with parks or nature reserves.都是描述了绿色行动的具体做法,故选C项。

2.D　推理判断题。根据第五、六段Daniel Raven-Ellison描述伦敦成为国家公园城市的种种好处,以及第七段城市规划师Timothy Beatley说城市的自然对于幸福、健康和有意义的生活来说不是可有可无的,而是绝对必要的。可知,他们的态度都是赞成的,故选D项。

3.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的London has just signed to be the first National Park City.(伦敦刚刚签署成为第一个国家公园城市。)以及全文围绕伦敦成为国家公园城市的现状以及未来的具体做法,可知本文标题应该是伦敦成为“国家公园城市”,故选B项。

Ⅱ.七选五 (2020四川成都外国语学校月考) The importance of self-improvement often goes unnoticed. The truth is that you can＇t run away from yourself. The idea should be to focus on continuous self-development at every stage of life.　1　  Increase self-awareness. The first step of self-improvement asks you to become more self-aware. Self-awareness is an ongoing journey. As life goes on, you meet with different experiences and challenges. 　2　 To be on the path of self-improvement, it＇s important to never lose touch with yourself.  Improve strengths (优点). Self-improvement lets you identify your personal strengths. 　3　 It gives you a better understanding of what you are seeking and where you are likely to thrive (繁荣兴旺). It helps you set life goals and make them happen.  Step out of the comfort zone. Choosing to work on improving yourself requires you to step out of your comfort zone. It lets you face your fears, try new things, and challenge yourself. There will be times when you＇ll discover a new side of your personality.　4　 Don＇t let failures get you frustrated. And never get too comfortable in familiar spaces because life begins outside your comfort zone.  　5　  People who＇ve invested in their continuous self-improvement come with an extremely positive attitude towards learning. Instead of being ignorant and escaping from their problems, they make it a point to learn from their mistakes to grow and succeed. This is a wonderful quality to have as having a learning attitude is instrumental in achieving success. A.Improve mental health. B.Develop a learning attitude. C.And knowing your strengths is important. D.However, there will also be times when you＇ll fail. E.They make you more aware of your personality, thoughts and feelings. F.After all, you can only achieve what you want when you know what you want. G.Here are some reasons why self-improvement is important regardless of your age. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了人们需要自我完善的几点原因。

1.G　上文说自我完善的重要性往往被忽视,而真相是你不能逃避自我。而本空在文章第一段,引出话题——以下就是一些无论你的年龄大小自我完善都很重要的原因,故选G。

2.E　根据上句中的experiences and challenges可知,随着生活的继续,你会遇到不同的经历和挑战。它们使你更了解你的个性、想法和情感,故选E。

3.C　上文提到自我完善让你识别你的个人优势。由此可知,C项“了解你的优势很重要”切题。注意这里有同一个关键词strengths,故选C。

4.D　D项意为:然而,也会有你失败的时候。下文提到:不要让失败使你变得沮丧。上下文逻辑合理,故选D。

5.B　本题是选择段落标题。本段主要讲了那些致力于不断自我完善的人对学习有着极其积极的态度。所以,培养学习态度是最佳选项,故选B。

Ⅲ.完形填空 (2020江苏苏州陆慕高级中学期中)
I was really nervous this year because I was in a new class. I was 　1　 that I didn＇t know anyone in the class. But 　2　 I didn＇t know anyone, I had the chance to do something I loved—people watching.  The girl sitting behind me was always laughing and talking happily. She was one of the very few people who made any　3　 to acknowledge me.  At the end of the year, we were　4　 to do a big open-ended project where the instructions were basically to read something, then watch something related to it, and then 　5　 a presentation based on what we learned.  On the presentation day, that girl　6　 in front of the class, and told everyone how she had read about eating disorders, because she herself had 　7　 with one. As it was too difficult for her to talk about it 　8　, she had made a movie, where she had interviewed some people about their eating disorders and how they had felt and 　9　them eventually. After the presentation, almost 　10　 was in tears. Several people commented on how 　11　 she was to stand up and talk about it, and how strong she was to have got over the disorder.  I never　12　 she would have a problem like that because she always seemed cheerful. Her courage to talk about something so 　13　 in public and her strength to get through her difficulties have inspired me. I＇ve also learned how difficult it is to 　14　 people. You never know what type of person someone is just by 　15　 for a term. 
　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　 1.A.pleased　　　 B.confused C.interested　　 　D.scared 2.A.since　　　 B.if　　 　C.before　　　 D.unless 3.A.discovery　　　 B.progress C.remark　　　 D.attempt 4.A.forced　　　 B.required C.allowed　　 　D.reminded 5.A.try out for　 　 　 B.make use of C.come up with　　　 D.look forward to 6.A.turned away　　 　B.got up C.looked down　　 　D.came back 7.A.stayed　　 　B.begun　　　　 C.struggled　　　D.mixed 8.A.directly　 　B.swiftly　　　 C.randomly　　　D.seriously 9.A.ignored　　 　B.overcome　　　C.improved　　 　D.developed 10.A.somebody　　　 B.anybody C.everybody　　　 D.nobody 11.A.reliable　　　 B.brave　　　 C.patient　　　 D.generous 12.A.expected　　　 B.admitted C.suspected　　 　 D.concluded 13.A.specific　　 　B.professional C.complex　　 　 D.personal 14.A.amuse　　　 B.impress C.judge　　 　D.satisfy 15.A.thinking　　　 B.listening C.communicating　　　D.observing 答案 [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了作者最初到新班级非常紧张,她遇到一个阳光乐观的小女孩,在一次完成班级项目作业时,那个小女孩分享了自己饮食失调的问题,并拍摄了一个有类似疾病人群的影片,令全班感动。作者由此感悟到不能只从表象来评判人们。

1.D　根据本句中的“I didn＇t know anyone in the class”可知,作者到新班级,谁也不认识,所以感到很害怕(scared)。

pleased 高兴的;confused 困惑的;interested 感兴趣的。

2.A　根据本句中的“do something I loved”可知,因为不认识这里的人,所以可以做自己喜欢做的事情。前后是因果关系,故选A。

3.D　根据本句中的“to acknowledge me”可知,作者身后的女孩试图(attempt)认识她。discovery发现;progress进步;remark评论。故选D。

4.B　根据本句中的“do a big open-ended project”可知,这是学年末学校举行的活动,所以作为学生,我们是被要求(required)做。force强迫;allow允许;remind提醒。

5.C　根据本句中的“presentation based on what we learned”可知,要求我们阅读书籍、观看视频然后根据我们所学的想出(come up with)方法进行演示。try out for参加选拔;make use of利用;look forward to期待。

6.B　根据本句中的“in front of the class, and told everyone how she had read about eating disorders”可知,那个女孩起身(got up)走到班级前面开始展示自己所读的内容。turn away不许进入;look down 向下看;come back回来。

7.C　根据后一句中的“As it was too difficult for her to talk about it”可知,小女孩也经历着这种挣扎(struggled)。stay待着;begin开始;mix混合。

8.A　根据本句中的“As it was too difficult for her”和“she had made a movie”可推断,她很难直接(directly)说出口。

swiftly快速地;randomly随意地;seriously严重地。

9.B　根据本句中的“she had made a movie, where she had interviewed some people about their eating disorders and how they had felt”可知,小女孩在影片中采访了一些人问他们最后如何克服(overcome)饮食失调的。

ignore忽略;improve提高;develop发展。

10.C　根据常识可知,班里几乎每个学生(everybody)都感动哭了。

somebody某人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人。故选C。

11.B　根据本句中的“she was to stand up and talk about it, and how strong she was to have got over the disorder”可知,大家都认为小女孩能够直面自己的问题,她很勇敢(brave)。reliable可靠的;patient耐心的;generous大方的。

12.A　根据上文中的“The girl sitting behind me was always laughing and talking happily.”可知,作者从没有想到(expected)小女孩会有这样的问题。admit承认;suspect怀疑;conclude得出结论。

13.D　根据上文中的“she was to stand up and talk about it, and how strong she was to have got over the disorder”可知,饮食失调是小女孩的私人(personal)问题。specific明确的;professional专业的;complex复杂的。

14.C　根据后面一句“You never know what type of person someone is just by 15　for a term.”可知,你不能轻易判断(judge)一个人。amuse逗乐;impress给……留下深刻印象;satisfy使满意。  15.D　根据本句中的“You never know what type of person someone is”可知,作者感悟到我们不能只通过观察(observing)判断一个人。think认为;listen听;communicate沟通。

Ⅳ.语法填空 (2020湖北武汉华中师范大学第一附属中学期中) Light pollution is defined by the Lighting Research Center as the 　1　 (want) consequence of outdoor lighting such as street lights. Too much man-made light at night results in disturbed 　2　 (nature) cycles, and also prevents the 　3　 (observe) of stars and planets at night. But its effects 　4　the environment go beyond that.  By　5　(study) some trees, researchers found out that trees that were more 　6　 (expose) to artificial lighting at night bud (发芽) up to 7.5 days earlier than those at the normal night-time setting. And they found out that light had a more significant effect than temperatures 　7　 the buds came out. The early budding may cause problems for insects, which feed on 　8　 (leaf), and the birds which feed on them in turn.  Migratory birds(候鸟) are also 　9　(negative) affected by light pollution. The glare might confuse them and make them lose 　10　(they) flying sense. The phenomenon might explain why some birds accidentally knock into buildings.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　  答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了光污染造成的负面影响。

1.unwanted　考查形容词。句意:照明研究中心将光污染定义为路灯等户外照明的不良后果。修饰名词consequence应用形容词形式;根据句意,应是“不想要的”后果,因此用形容词unwanted,意为“不需要的,不受欢迎的”。

2.natural　考查形容词。句意:夜晚过多的人造光会扰乱自然循环,也会妨碍夜晚对恒星和行星的观测。修饰名词cycles,应用形容词;nature是名词,形容词为natural,故填natural。

3.observation　考查名词。句意见上题。在定冠词the后,应用名词作prevent的宾语;observe是动词,名词为observation。

4.on　考查介词。句意:但它对环境的影响远远不止于此。effect on...对……的影响,故填on。

5.studying　考查非谓语动词。句意:通过对一些树木的研究,研究人员发现,在晚上,受到更多人工照明的树木比在正常的夜间环境下的树木发芽早7.5天。By后接动名词作宾语,故填studying。

6.exposed　考查固定短语。句意见上题。be exposed to暴露于……中,接触到……,故填exposed。

7.when/as　考查连词。句意: 他们发现当芽长出来时,光比温度有更显著的影响。根据句意,所填词引导时间状语从句,应用when/as,意为“当……时候”,故填when/as。

8.leaves　考查名词复数。根据句意,leaf应用复数形式,leaf的复数形式为leaves。

9.negatively　考查副词。句意:候鸟也受到光污染的负面影响。修饰过去分词affected,应用副词形式,故填negatively。

10.their　考查代词。句意:刺眼的光可能会迷惑它们,使它们失去飞行的感觉。根据句意可知,前面提到them,是复数,因此相应地用形容词性物主代词 their,故填their。