意识形态分析与媒介批评

　 意识形态分析与媒介批评

　在马克思主义的解释中，意识形态是在一定的经济基础上形成的对于世界和社会的系统的看法和见解。

　意识形态是上层建筑的组成部分。

　马克思主义把意识形态看成是“一种某个阶级特有的信仰系统”，同时也认为意识形态是“一种可能与真实的或科学的知识相矛盾的幻想信仰系统，即伪思想与伪意识”。（这种看法揭示维护统治者利益的意识形态的虚假性。）

　在西方马克思主义看来，意识形态建构和塑造了我们对现实的认识，不存在真实或虚假的问题。

　一、意识形态理论的发展脉络

　1、马克思主义的意识形态批评

　（1）来自于马克思主义的意识形态概念

　（背景）“意识形态”一词最初是由法国哲学家托拉西提出的。在托拉西那里，意识形态的职责就是要科学地分析观念的产生和发展，批判对观念的神秘主义理解。然而，托拉西在其《意识形态的要素》中却体现出一种实证主义的非批判倾向。据俞吾金教授的观点，这部著作，“至少是作为这部著作的第四、第五篇的‘意识及其作用’本身是从属于国民经济学的，因而也是对真实的社会关系的一种歪曲和神秘化”。于是，意识形态的含义就逐渐出现了逆转，意识形态被指认为粉饰现存、掩盖真实的观念和思想。马克思正是在这个意义上来使用意识形态概念的。?

　马克思在《莱茵报》时期，通过对普鲁士政府书报检查令的批判，通过林木盗窃法的辩论，认识到统治阶级思想观念的虚伪性和隐蔽性，意识到这些思想观念与物质利益的关系。他开始认为，这种具有虚伪性和隐蔽性的统治阶级思想观念是这个社会的主流意识，与国家机器一起发挥维护社会、维护统治阶级利益的功能。他开始以自己在托拉西的基础上创制的Ideologie（意识形态）来指认这种思想观念。

　马克思认为，生产力主要由生产工具（生产资料）和劳动力构成。资本主义制度下，生产工具（生产资料）的拥有者不从事劳动，而劳动者不占有生产资料。简言之，生产资料的占有者靠剥削无产者而获得统治地位。

　于是，不劳动的人掌握了上层建筑的观念、价值和信仰。阶级身份、政党、社会利益都是根据对这种生产方式的占有、控制和利益所得在社会组织层面得以建立。

　统治阶级推行的意识形态系统是以促进资产阶级自身利益，并且将其泛化，使得阶级压迫体制得以延续下去。

　当被压迫阶级的个体把统治阶级的价值和信仰当做自己的东西来维护和实践时，他们就参与了对自己的压迫。

　（2）西方马克思主义

　在马克思主义看来，社会矛盾集中表现为阶级矛盾，即有产阶级和无产阶级的矛盾，这汇总矛盾不可能调和，只有冲突。无产阶级要获得平等，只有推翻资产阶级的统治。推翻必须是暴力夺取政权。

　在西方马克思主义看来，这种观点无法解释的是——被统治阶级的大众，他们为什么会接纳这些从根本上讲是与他们的利益相抵触的观念？他们是如何采纳这些观念的？

　（以大众传播为例，看电视，网络接触。。。）

　为什么大众观看电视会产生愉悦，他们并没有将其视作对立的一面，反而有充足的快感？

　西方马克思主义发展了意识形态的新观念。这些观念不同程度地强调社会内部的矛盾，以及对抗性和妥协性共存的现象。

　尽管可以找到理由证明大众传播媒介所表达的价值、观念等信仰系统常常是与统治阶级的利益保持高度一致，统治阶级的声音在社会语境中总是占据重要位置，但是，我们还是看到了不同的阶层在大众媒介中表达着不同的声音。（如，新闻联播；大众传媒，第四种权力？）

　二、西方马克思主义的主要理论

　1、葛兰西的“文化霸权”理论

　霸权：特定的阶级、政治意识形态为维护自己的利益实施的普遍支配的情形。

　葛兰西认为，社会虽然由许多利益互相冲突的阶级构成，但是，优势阶级能够运用霸权，使自己的利益变为社会的普遍利益，被社会认可和接受。

　A统治阶级由于在社会的各个方面一直拥有话语权而享有声望，在争夺的过程中，总是处于优势地位。

　从这个意义上讲，大众传播媒介类似公共论坛，为统治阶层也为其他阶层提供互相谈判的场所。

　B与马克思主义认为社会结构的模式不同是是，葛兰西认为，在资本主义社会，资产阶级的统治主要不是依赖政治社会和他的代理机构，如法院、军队来维持，而是靠靠他们牢牢占有的意识形态的领导权来维持。因此，推翻资产阶级的统治，首先要颠覆文化霸权。

　C 霸权不是通过剔除异己获得的，而是将对立一方的价值、利益接纳到自身予以维护。从人类共同的普世的价值取向中寻求一致的部分，在区别、对立、冲突的同时，经过谈判和妥协取得某种一致。

　这种妥协不是单纯地降低或减少条件，他是在双方都更多地了解了对反的利益之后，各自对先前条件的重新考虑。

　2、阿尔都塞与“主体性”

　意识形态对于人的控制不是公开的，而是隐蔽的。意识形态从外部构筑了我们的“本质”和“自我”。因此我们所说的“本质”和自我，都是虚构的，占据在本质和自我位置上的是一个拥有社会身份的社会的存在，即一个主体性的个体。这个主题是矛盾的，他随着环境和条件的改变发生变化。

　弗洛伊德的心理三区理论：

　无意识——前意识——意识

　弗洛伊德认为，意识不再是人的心理的中心，无意识才是人的心理与行为的动因。

　弗洛伊德的个体三阶段（人格结构论）

　人格结构的三个层次：本我——自我——超我

　本我：相当于早期的无意识概念，是人格的基础层次。构成本我的是那些原始、非理性的冲动，遵循“快乐原则”，追求本能需要的满足。

　自我：相当于经验的、理性的意识系统。自我是从本我中分化出来并得到发展的那部分，遵循着“现实原则”，强调着本我与外部现实的关系。

　超我： 超我是从自我分化出来的道德化的“自我典范“。它包括良心、道德、理想、宗教感、社会感情这些人性中的高级本性，在人格中是社会力量的代表。

　阿尔都塞的“主体性“的概念也回应了弗洛伊德以后，许多哲学家将无意识看做是个体的核心这一观点。

　三、意识形态分析理论视野中的大众传播媒介

　传统的传播理论认为，一致的舆论与普遍的赞同是本来就存在于社会中的，媒介只不过将他传播出来。

　西方马克思主义运用媒介批判的理论使我们看到，媒介至少是参与制造了一致的舆论与普遍的赞同。

　1、大众传播媒介作为市民社会力量的真相

　A.媒介成为大众的代言人。如何成为的？

　古斯塔夫勒庞的“群体心理研究”：

　聚集成群的人，他们的思想和感情全都转向同一个方向，他们自觉的个性消失了，形成了一种集体心理。（典型：群体暗示与群体感染：处于激动人群中的个人具有很强的“被暗示性”，周围人的话语、表情、动作乃至现场的氛围，都会成为有力的暗示与刺激，使得他的思维、行为方式迅速与周围人融为一体。）

　因为大众的无意识，大众中的个体会把媒介当成一个代表，媒介的意识往往就成了大众的意识。

　B 作为大众的传播媒介，其职业性的存在理由不包括政治利益和经济利益。媒介的存在依赖于大众对信息的需求。

　C 媒介的经济利益对其大众立场提出要求。否则就会被大众所抛弃，失去市场消费份额。

　总体来说，媒介的大众性是构筑媒介这个主题的第一要素，其政治利益和经济利益构筑的意义是附加在第一要素之上的。

　2、大众传播媒介与政治的关系

　媒介与政治社会的关系始终不即不离。

　用阿尔都塞的“意识形态的无意识”思路来解释，我们看到，由于意识形态控制的非强制性和隐蔽性，左右媒介本身的意识在隐蔽处发挥着作用。

　例：美国911事件报道。

　911事件后，一向以新闻自由为宗旨的美国媒介，几乎是一边倒地全力支持军事打击塔利班。（原因 P49）

　但是，媒介中立立场的绝对性，使得它在即使是在反恐怖行为的报道中，也必须关注另一种意见，甚至包括关于对立方的行为。

　但是，对于这样一种原则式的认定，在恐怖袭击的事实面前显得软弱无力。新闻的绝对自由性受到挑战。

　美国政府关于媒介不得直接采访基地组织成员或者涉嫌与恐怖分子有关的人的意见，得到大部分媒体的响应。(VOA\2004BBC董事长和总裁辞职)

　3、大众传播媒介的话语霸权与商业利益

　（1）大众传播媒介的话语霸权

　表面来看，任何大众，只要拥有语言能力，都可以拥有话语权。

　但是，由于经济地位所导致的阶级统治，使得话语也要通过一定的程序说出口，这个程序包括受到控制、挑选、组织和分配。而话语所包含的对事物的价值判断，都是由权势提供的，因此出现话语霸权的问题。

　话语霸权是在交流、信息传播领域中，由于主体与客体、个体与大众、同类与异己之间的力量严重不对称导致的结果。力量的优势一方凭借自身的优势而占据了普遍支配地位。

　随着传播技术的发展，大众传媒在一切的平面、立体、空间一切话语存在的场所，全方位地渗透，拥有了绝对优势的话语权。媒体扮演的角色从最初的信息传递，发展到后来的议程设置。

　议程设置：

　大众传播具有一种为公众设置“议事日程”的功能，传媒的新闻报道和信息传达活动以赋予各种“议题”不同程度的显著性的方式，影响着人们对周围世界的“大事”及重要性的判断。（麦克姆斯和肖）

　该理论认为大众传播往往不能决定人们对某一事件或意见的具体看法，但可以通过提供给信息和安排相关的议题来有效地左右人们关注哪些事实和意见及他们谈论的先后顺序。大众传播可能无法影响人们怎么想，却可以影响人们去想什么。A 报道的频繁程度和篇幅（议程设置）如 世界杯报道p54 水污染

　B 利用专家的话语控制大众的理解

　（3）话语控制背后的市场诱导

　媒体兼具事业和企业的性质，其经营运作必须兼顾社会效益和经济效益。抓住了最大数量的受众，也就抓住了发行量和广告收益。

　（CCTV 广告）

　四、意识形态理论在影像作品分析中提供的知识

　1、阿尔都塞“主体性”概念对观看身份的分析

　女性主义研究者们认为，在影视作品中，女性是男性“视觉快感”产生的重要元素。这并不表示女性的重要性，恰恰相反，而强调了女性的“被消费” 性。

　to implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers' Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union of the company more than 1/3 staff or staff representatives proposal may convene the meeting. The workers' Congress elections held and resolutions must be approved by all workers represented by more than half.Twenty-fifth of the workers congress around increase and enhance the vitality of enterprises, promote the technology step by step, improve economic efficiency, for enterprise management, an important problem of distribution system and workers life and fix the issue. Staff and workers congress decided in its position within the scope of authority, without consent shall not be modified by the workers' Congress change.Table sixteenth employee representative congress is not in session, the need for temporary solutionAn important question by trade unions called post head meeting of representatives of the staff and workers, and consultation with the down of a workers' congress report confirmed. Head meeting may participate in according to the meeting invited the leadership of the company and other relevant personnel.The fifth chapter of the staff and workers' Congress and the trade unionSeventeenth work as a staff representative of the general assembly of the work of the organization, to undertake the following work:First, the organization of staff and workers elected representatives.Two, the collection of workers on behalf of the major issues of the proposal, presided over the work of representatives of the general assembly of the preparatory work and the organization of the meeting.Three, presided over the meeting of representatives of the staff and workers on behalf of the meeting.Four, the organization of specialized teams to investigate and research, to make recommendations to the workers' Congress, inspection and supervision and supervision of the implementation of the resolution of the general assembly, the implementation of the staff and workers to implement the resolution of the General Assembly on behalf of workers.Five, to the staff and workers into the democratic management of publicity and education, the organization of staff and workers on behalf of the learning policy, business and management knowledge, improve the quality of the staff representatives.Six, accept and deal with the complaints and suggestions of representatives of the staff and workers, maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Seven, the organization of democratic management of its other work.The sixth chapter of the Department of the room, the team's democratic managementAccording to the specific circumstances, the eighteenth department may take the form of the employees' Congress or the employee's representative office to exercise democratic management power in the affairs of the authority of the Department.Nineteenth teams and groups of democratic management, by the workers directly participate in the team's trade union leaders and workers under the auspices of the activities carried out under the auspices of the team building by the trade union leader to assist the squad leader.The seventh chapter supplementary provisionsArticle twentieth the company's trade unions shall be responsible for the interpretation of these regulations.Article twenty-first of the regulations issued from the date of promulgation.Trade union workOne, promote the party's road line, principles, policies, the implementation of the higher level of union spirit, under the leadership of the Party committee and the completion of the work of the task.Two, strengthen democratic management, do a good job of the staff and workers' Congress held preparatory, and closing work, do not hold regular workers delegation head of the meeting, to ensure the smooth flow of the main channel of democracy.Three, adhere to the "22" maintenance of unity, do a good job in the labor dispute mediation work, the protection of the specific interests of the masses of the protection of the masses of workers from invasion.Four, strengthen the source participation, actively participate in the company's various policy strategies, measures to develop, and supervise the implementation of the line, reflecting the wishes of the majority of workers and requirements.Five, the organization of workers to carry out labor competition, to make reasonable proposals, small leather, small inventions to create a living activity, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the production of workers.Six, to carry out the "warm and warm project" activities for the workers to run everything, practical things, to help solve the difficult life, do a good job of mutual assistance insurance and staff and workers to study and research work.Seven, establish and perfect the trade unions at all levels, achieve organization system network, fixed regularly held congress, a good new member of the development and transfer of work.Eight, establish and improve the levels of female workers organization, coordination of relevant departments to do a good job of female female workers "four period", play essential role of female workers into the sky, to promote the development of production, protect the legitimate rights and interests of women workers are not infringed.Nine, the group organized the staff to carry out health, education and teaching in music, small and diverse cultural and sports activities, active corporate cultural life, and strive to enhance the cohesion of the enterprise.Ten, to strengthen the financial management of the union, according to the trade union funds on time, to develop the use of the labor union funds budget, reasonable expenses, and do a good job in the collection and use of union dues.Union membership management systemArticle 1 this regulation is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the articles of association of China's trade union, and with the company's actual situation.Second who meet the conditions for membership in the Union constitution and the provisions of the China < >, has signed a labor contract with the company staff can apply to join into the union.Third apply for unionized workers, shall I put out the application, and the Chinese National Federation of trade unions shall fill in "application form" and "trade union membership registration form", by the union approval group and grass-roots trade union audit, is a member of the union. Its membership from the union committee approved the date since.Fourth trade union members should actively participate in the activities of the union, the right to exercise their rights and fulfill their obligations, and timely payment of contributions.Fifth members will be free to go back. Members of the withdrawal will be written application, through the trade union group, approved by the labor union committee, from the day of withdrawal will stop paying their dues.Sixth members do not have the proper reason to continue for 6 months without payment of membership dues, do not participate in the processing will organize life, education refused to correct, should be regarded as automatic withdrawal.Article 77 where serious crimes and criminal sanctions by members of trade unions, by the Committee for discussion and decision, dismissed its membership.The relationship between the eighth members of the organization changes with the change of labor relations, the labor relations of the members change, the relationship between the members of the human relations with me to transfer, with the membership card to transfer.Ninth to master company membership, every month 25 days before this grass-roots trade unions shall fill in "grass-roots union members report > union office reported to the company, requirements in a timely manner, digital true and reliable.Tenth such as the management of the members of the lost Dangdang, causing unnecessary labor disputes, etc., will be held responsible for the relevant personnel.Eleventh handle refund formalities will have workers, and apply for membership, allowing it to re apply for the admission procedures.Twelfth members retired, retired, laid-off, insurable retained membership. Membership retention period from dues. Members maintain membership, no longer have the right to vote and to be elected in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. In addition to enjoy the insurance benefits, the same treatment will no longer enjoy membership.Thirteenth the Ordinance shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the right to interpret it shall be in the company's trade union committee.Union chairman job dutiesOne, in the company Party branch and the superior trade union under the leadership of the trade union committee, presided over this unit is responsible for the daily work. The trade union work plan, regular arrangement, examination, summing up the work, and timely reporting to the Party branch and trade unions.Two, the implementation of the implementation of the party's line, principles, policies, adhere to the production and operation of enterprises as the center of the heart and to democratic management as the focus, play the essential role of working mechanism of the Congress, the comprehensive carry out the activities of trade unions.Three, the implementation of democratic centralism principle, chaired by members of the general assembly or a member of Congress, trade union committee, democracy, brainstorming, the trade unions do to promote the harmonious development of enterprises and employees, the stability and unity of the home of workers.Four, support the work of enterprise administration, to participate in the development of the enterprise planning, reform and innovation and life and other important work to discuss the work, and actively put forward reasonable proposals.Five, do the preparatory work of the Congress, to complete the work of the congress delegate support.Six, pay attention to listen to the opinions and requirements of the majority of members, in a timely manner to the Party branch and the administrative counter reflection, the maintenance of the rights and interests of workers and the vital interests of the enterprise administrative staff to help improve the welfare of workers.Seven, the organization to carry out health and physical and mental health of the culture and entertainment, sports activities.Eight, responsible for the scope of trade unions in the political learning, assessment, awarding work.Nine, to assist the female staff members will do a good job of female staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of female workers.Ten, assist enterprises in the relevant aspects of the association, do a good job in the work of retired workers and their families.Eleven, the examination and approval of trade union funds.Twelve, timely completion of the party organization and the work of the superior union arrangement.Detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations of the staff and workers' CongressChapter I General ProvisionsThe first one according to the People's Republic of China constitution in < > and < theconsolidation industrial workers congress during the People's Republic of China regulations cases of industrial enterprises owned by the "spirit, the regulations implementing rules are formulated.The second company employee representative congress is the basic form of democratic management of the enterprise, is the right agency workers to exercise their democratic management. The main work is the trade union committee organization of the staff and workers' Congress, responsible for the daily work of the workers' Congress.Third employees in the company under the leadership of Party branch, to implement the party's line, principles and policies of needles, and state laws and regulations, correctly handle the state, collective, individual interests of the three, in the law within the prescribed scope of authority.Article 44 the Congress shall actively support the general manager of the company to exercise the management decision and the unified command of production, scientific research activities authority.Fifth to establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the staff and workers to review the major decision of enterprises in the trial supervision, administrative leadership, role and rights to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests and so on.Article 66 The Congress implement democratic centralism in the system.Second chapter of authorityThe Seventh Congress exercised the following powersFirst, the right to consider proposalsListen to the general manager of the regular work report; review; business policy, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan; basic construction plan; major technical transformation scheme;; employee training plan; financial budget is put forward opinions and suggestions; gold funds allocation and use case.Two, the review of the consent or vetoThe salary adjustment scheme of the enterprise; the bonus scheme; the labor protection measures; the reward measures for the employees and the important rules and regulations of the enterprise are reviewed.Three, to consider the right to decide:For workers Fulili fund; workers housing allocation; other important matters relating to workers Living welfare review will be decided.Four, appraisal, supervision powerLeading cadres at all levels of supervision, regular review, general manager of the office should fulfill the duties and objectives of supervision, the layers of cadres to the general manager of science can be put forward to praise, reward, punishment, promotion or group of criticism, dismissed suggestions.Five, the right to democratic electionsAccording to the superior department in charge of the deployment of the competent authorities or the approval of the higher authorities, the staff representatives of the people's democratic recommendation or the election of enterprise administrative leadership, and the election results reported to the competent authorities for approval.The Eighth Congress will be the taskFirst, the party and government departments to do a good job of the "two" civilization, the workers of the ideological, discipline and professional ethics education.Two, Congress should support education workers of the company general manager for the mobilization of workers to carry out the exercise of the powers, the provisions, abide by discipline, efforts to complete the task.Three, close contact with the general staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the views and requirements of the workers.Staff representative of the third chapterThe ninth company employees entitled to political rights in accordance with the provisions of the law, can be elected as the representative of the staff.Tenth representatives of the staff and workers to produce, should take the Department, the workshop as a unit, by the workers directly elected, not appointed by the leadership of the leadership. The number of its representatives should be accounted for 10-20%. of the total number of workersEleventh a staff representative should be a worker, technical personnel, management personnel, workers and other leading cadres group consisting of young workers and female workers should be accounted for a proper proportion. A guest, attend on behalf of several seats.According to the needs of the work and the number of representatives of the composition of a number of representatives of the table group, elected leader, deputy leader.Twelfth representatives of the staff and workers of real implementation of the permanent system, every three to four years of election election once, may be re elected.Article thirteenth supplementary supplementary of the staff and workers' representativesThe representatives of the staff and workers from the unit or away from retirement, on behalf of automatically disqualified, on behalf of the delegation to the original vacancy shall be in accordance with the provisions of the election.Replace the fourteenth representatives of the staff and workersThere are the representatives of the employees, who have the right to change the unit:1, due to illegal law and discipline punishment;2, often without reason not to participate in the activities of the staff representatives of the staff and the organization of the work of the organization, a serious dereliction of duty;3, because of unpaid leave, sick leave and long-term, full-time study and so on, not to participate in the activities of the post of the staff and workers' congress;4, removed from the unit, from the original delegation.The rights of the representatives of the fifteenth employeesFirst, the incumbent will have the right to vote in the election, the right to vote and the right to vote.Two, have the right to participate in the Congress and its working mechanism in the company. Check all relevant departments to carry out the workers congress resolution and proposal to implement the situation, have the right to the right to participate in the personnel of the company leadership question.Three, to participate in the organization of the staff and workers' Congress of the activities of the organization and occupy production or work hours, according to the normal attendance to enjoy the treatment of the case.Four, the exercise of democratic rights of workers' representatives. Any organization or individual person shall stop, obstruct and take revenge complex.Five, during the term of office workers, in addition to personal serious negligence, enterprises may not perform their duties on behalf of the reasons for the lifting of the labor contract or employment changes.Obligations of the sixteenth employees' representativesOne, to study the principles, policies, laws and regulations of the party and the state, and constantly improve the political consciousness, technical and technical level and the ability to participate in the management.Two, in close contact with the masses, representing the legitimate rights and interests of workers, truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses, workers, seriously implement the Congress resolution. To do good work, Congress gave the patience to do ideological education of the masses education work.Three, adhere to the basic principles of the four basic principles, and abide by the national laws, regulations and rules and regulations, labor discipline, do their own work.Four, do a business owner, actively participate in the democratic management of enterprises, as well as to their own political obligations, really play the role of staff representatives.The fourth chapter organization systemThe twenty-seventh Congress Chairman presided over the meeting. All the members of the presidium shall have the workers, technical staff, management staff and leading cadres. The technical workers, technical personnel, management personnel should be more than Banbanshu.The eighteenth Congress will be held once a year. Each meeting will be there must be more than 2/3 of workers' representatives.In case of major events, the proposal by the general manager, a trade union or more than one of the staff representatives of three points, cocoa held a provisional meeting.Behalf of the general assembly of the representatives of the general assembly to elect and make a resolution, must be approved by the majority of all representatives of the staff and workers.The nineteenth Congress should focus on enhancing enterprise vitality, promote technological progress, improve the economic benefit for enterprise management, an important problem of the distribution system and other aspects of the life of workers to determine the issue.Twentieth items will function in its decision within the scope of its powers, not by the workers' Congress agrees not to repair.Twenty-first post Congress may according to the needs, set up a number of dry mattersquickly. 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　to implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers' Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union of the company more than 1/3 staff or staff representatives proposal may convene the meeting. The workers' Congress elections held and resolutions must be approved by all workers represented by more than half.Twenty-fifth of the workers congress around increase and enhance the vitality of enterprises, promote the technology step by step, improve economic efficiency, for enterprise management, an important problem of distribution system and workers life and fix the issue. Staff and workers congress decided in its position within the scope of authority, without consent shall not be modified by the workers' Congress change.Table sixteenth employee representative congress is not in session, the need for temporary solutionAn important question by trade unions called post head meeting of representatives of the staff and workers, and consultation with the down of a workers' congress report confirmed. Head meeting may participate in according to the meeting invited the leadership of the company and other relevant personnel.The fifth chapter of the staff and workers' Congress and the trade unionSeventeenth work as a staff representative of the general assembly of the work of the organization, to undertake the following work:First, the organization of staff and workers elected representatives.Two, the collection of workers on behalf of the major issues of the proposal, presided over the work of representatives of the general assembly of the preparatory work and the organization of the meeting.Three, presided over the meeting of representatives of the staff and workers on behalf of the meeting.Four, the organization of specialized teams to investigate and research, to make recommendations to the workers' Congress, inspection and supervision and supervision of the implementation of the resolution of the general assembly, the implementation of the staff and workers to implement the resolution of the General Assembly on behalf of workers.Five, to the staff and workers into the democratic management of publicity and education, the organization of staff and workers on behalf of the learning policy, business and management knowledge, improve the quality of the staff representatives.Six, accept and deal with the complaints and suggestions of representatives of the staff and workers, maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Seven, the organization of democratic management of its other work.The sixth chapter of the Department of the room, the team's democratic managementAccording to the specific circumstances, the eighteenth department may take the form of the employees' Congress or the employee's representative office to exercise democratic management power in the affairs of the authority of the Department.Nineteenth teams and groups of democratic management, by the workers directly participate in the team's trade union leaders and workers under the auspices of the activities carried out under the auspices of the team building by the trade union leader to assist the squad leader.The seventh chapter supplementary provisionsArticle twentieth the company's trade unions shall be responsible for the interpretation of these regulations.Article twenty-first of the regulations issued from the date of promulgation.Trade union workOne, promote the party's road line, principles, policies, the implementation of the higher level of union spirit, under the leadership of the Party committee and the completion of the work of the task.Two, strengthen democr