2020-2021学年高一英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅦ导学讲义

Section Ⅶ　Expanding your world Ⅰ.单词分层默写 1.单词拼写 ①seed n.种子,籽 ②disgrace n.丢脸,耻辱 ③sample n.样本 ④finch n.雀科鸣禽 ⑤beak n.鸟嘴,喙 ⑥suspect v.猜想,怀疑,觉得 ⑦ancestor n.(动物的)原种,祖先 ⑧characteristic n.特征,特性 ⑨decline v.减少 ⑩tortoise n.陆龟 blame v.责怪,指责;把……归咎于 goat n.山羊 primitive adj.原始的,低等的 worldwide adv.遍及全世界 giant adj.巨大的,特大的 mangrove n.红树 iguana n.鬣蜥 comb-like adj.梳状的 spine n.(动植物的)刺,刺毛 myth n.(古代的)神话 wasp n.黄蜂 pesticide n.杀虫剂,农药 root n.根 chilli n.辣椒 link v.把……联系起来;连接 cybercrime n.网络犯罪 centimetre n.厘米 2.拓展单词 ①distant adj.遥远的→distance n.距离 ②geologist n.地质学家→geology n.地质学→geological adj.地质(学)的 ③evolve v.进化→evolution n.进化(论) ④generate v.产生,创造→generation n.产生,一代人 ⑤legend n.传说,传奇(故事)→legendary adj.传说的;传奇的;非常著名的 ⑥detect v.发现,察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物)→detection n.侦查;察觉;发现→detective n.警探;(私人)侦探 ⑦fungus n.真菌→fungi n.真菌(复数)→fungal adj.真菌的 Ⅱ.短语搭配翻译 1.响应号召 answer the call  2.是耻辱,是丢脸的事 be a disgrace  3.源于……的,原产于…… be native to  4.巨型陆龟 giant tortoise  5.最佳选择 first choice  6.有史以来 of all time  7.讨论中的;不确定 in question  8.充满,满是 be crowded with  9.开始存在 come to exist  10.适应 adapt to  11.多种多样的 a variety of  12.导致 lead to  13.同时 at the same time  14.以……开始 begin with  15.把某事归咎于某人/事 blame sth. on sb./sth.  16.与……交流 communicate with  17.微量的…… tiny amounts of  18.驱赶 drive...away 19.从……中偷某物 steal sth. from...  20.肩并肩地;并排地 side by side  Ⅲ.主题书面表达
结合本单元主题,使用本单元词汇、句型和语法写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

1.写作要点 ①作为世界上最大的雨林,亚马孙雨林在维持地球生态系统的平衡方面发挥着重要作用。(play an important role in) As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the Earth＇s ecosystem.  ②亚马孙河,雨林由此得名,全长约6,400公里。(from which引导非限制性定语从句) The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length.  ③这条河支持许多不同的生态系统,给予了这个地区最丰富的动植物物种。

(which引导非限制性定语从句) The river supports many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest species of plants and animals.  ④在人类已知的39万种植物中,有4万多种可以在亚马孙雨林找到。(过去分词known作后置定语) Of the 390,000 plant species known to man, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon rainforest.  ⑤森林的不同层次养活各种野生动物。(support, a variety of) The forest＇s different levels support a variety of wildlife.  ⑥森林的不同层次都是不同种类的生物的家园。(be home to) The forest＇s different levels are home to different kinds of living things.  2.串句成文 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the Earth＇s ecosystem. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length. The river supports many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest species of plants and animals. And of the 390,000 plant species known to man, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon rainforest. The forest＇s different levels not only support a variety of wildlife but are home to different kinds of living things. 
下面带大家看看一些令人困惑的英式短语。英国人常用的一些习惯用语或成语的出处含糊不清,这使得亲英派的人们也不习惯这些不同寻常的表达。

1.They＇re chalk and cheese. What does it mean? A.They＇re very different. B.They look pale. C.They＇re very fickle. 2.I＇ve known her for donkey＇s. What does it mean? A.I＇ve known her for a very long time. B.I know a lot of her secrets. C.I don＇t trust her. 3.I need to spend a penny. What does it mean? A.I＇m addicted to candy. B.I need to change my shoes. C.I need to go to the toilet. 帮你分析: 1.A　“chalk and cheese”等同于美国人说的“apples and oranges”,形容两个事物或人是完全不同的或完全无法兼容的,通常的句式为“like/as different as chalk and cheese”,例如:We＇ll never get on—we＇re like chalk and cheese。

2.A　“donkey＇s”通常是“donkey＇s years”的简写方式,最初可能写作“donkey＇s ears”,指某物长度上很长,现指很长一段时间。例如:We＇ve been close friends for donkey＇s years。

3.C　在英国,曾经需要花费一个 penny 使用一次投币式公共厕所,这就是短语 spend a penny 替代“上厕所”的委婉说法,例如:You can＇t get to sleep when you want to spend a penny。

Christmas is one of the most beautiful holidays of all time. It is the day when the Son of God was born on earth. Hence, this day is sacry for all Christians around the world. The Christmas season gives rise to a number of Christmas traditions that come along. Here are a few of them that are celebrated with zest and enthusiasm worldwide for centuries. Preparation of the Christmas cake Christmas cakes are made by using eggs, butter, confections, fruits, etc. Today a Christmas cake is an integral part of a Christmas menu. Decorating the Christmas tree This refers to the tradition of decorating a pine tree using lights, tinsel, garlands, ornaments, candy canes, etc. Today, a Christmas tree is an indispensable part of Christmas celebrations. Lighting up the Christmas candle This refers to the tradition of placing a lighted candle outside houses during the Christmas season. A candle signifies hope as it brings light even to the darkest room. Sending gifts to loved ones This tradition comes from the story of the three wise men who got gifts for baby Jesus on Christmas. Singing Christmas carols It refers to the age-old custom of singing a number of traditional Christmas songs during the Christmas season. It adds joy and fun to the atmosphere. 【译文】
圣诞节一直是最美好的节日之一。这是上帝之子诞生在地球上的日子。因此,对世界各地的基督徒来说,这一天是非常神圣的。圣诞季节自然少不了各种圣诞传统。下面这些传统是几个世纪以来世界各地的人们一直热烈欢庆的。

烘烤圣诞蛋糕 圣诞蛋糕是由鸡蛋、黄油、甜点、水果等烘制而成的。现如今,圣诞蛋糕已成为圣诞菜谱不可或缺的一部分。

装扮圣诞树 这个传统指的是用彩灯、金箔、花环、饰品、糖果条等装扮松树。现如今,圣诞树也是圣诞节庆典不可或缺的一部分。

点燃圣诞蜡烛 这个传统指的是圣诞期间人们在屋子外面放一支点燃的蜡烛。即便在最黑暗的空间,蜡烛也能带来光明,寓意希望。

给亲友送礼物 这个传统源自一个传说:三位智者在圣诞节给婴儿耶稣送出了礼物。

唱圣诞颂歌
它指圣诞期间人们歌唱一首又一首圣诞传统歌曲的古老习俗。歌曲给人们带来欢乐,也增添了节日气氛。

第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
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第一节　(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What are the speakers looking at? A.A photograph.　　　B.A video. C.A painting. 2.Why does the woman want to use a computer? A.To book a hotel. B.To book a flight. C.To book a train ticket. 3.Where has the man been for his holiday? A.To Paris.　　　B.To London. C.To New York. 4.How much will the man pay for the red scarf? A.$8.　　　B.$10.　　　C.$20. 5.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.A bad dentist. B.The cold weather. C.The man＇s toothache. 第二节　(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.What color is the woman＇s new car? A.Blue.　　　B.White.　　　C.Cream. 7.How often does the man wash his car? A.Every year. B.Every two years. C.Every five years.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8.How many people will be playing tennis this afternoon? A.Three.　　　B.Four.　　　C.Five. 9.Why doesn＇t the woman want to play tennis this afternoon? A.She has to get ready for a trip. B.She has to take care of her mother. C.She has to find the information about her job. 10.What will the woman do tomorrow morning? A.Have an interview. B.Visit her friends. C.Go to the park.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。

11.What is a disadvantage of working from home according to the man? A.There is no manager to keep order. B.There is difficulty in being inspired. C.There is a possibility of sleeping too long. 12.What does the man spend more on at home? A.Clothes.　　　B.Food.　　　C.Heating. 13.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Family members. B.Former colleagues. C.Boss and employee.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。

14.Where are the speakers? A.On a train.　　　B.In a taxi. C.On a bus. 15.What is wrong with the man? A.He can＇t see. B.He feels sick. C.He feels lazy. 16.What are the speakers going to do? A.Tour the city. B.Climb a mountain. C.See an exhibition. 17.What are the speakers talking about in the end? A.A doctor.　　　B.A tourist. C.A tour guide.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。

18.What is the main topic of the talk? A.Furniture. B.Technology. C.Old days. 19.What is the speaker＇s job? A.He makes things. B.He repairs things. C.He sells things. 20.How does the speaker feel if an old table has been repaired many times? A.He still loves it. B.He will use it carelessly. C.He will throw it away at once. 答案 1.A　2.C　3.B　4.A　5.C　6.A　7.A　8.B　9.B　10.A 11.B　12.C　13.B　14.C　15.B　16.B　17.C 18.A　19.C　20.A 听力材料 Text 1 M:You look very happy in this photo. Where were you? It looks like a painting. W:We were on the mountains outside the city. We went hiking there last week. We have some videos from there as well. Text 2 W:OK, I have already booked my flights and my hotel. Now I need to arrange a train ticket. Can I borrow your computer, Dad? M:It is in my bedroom. Please save my work before using it. Text 3 W:Did you enjoy your holiday? London seems such an interesting place. I can＇t decide whether to go there or to Paris for my next vacation. M:You＇re right. It is interesting. You just can＇t see that kind of history here in New York. Text 4 M:Could I have the scarf, please? Not the $20 one, but the red one behind it. It says $16. W:Well, today is your lucky day, sir. That one is on sale at half price today. Text 5 M:My tooth is killing me. The cold weather seems to make it worse. I＇m afraid I＇ll have to go to the dentist. W:Yes, you must. Cold weather often makes toothache worse. Text 6 M:Is that a new car you are driving? Blue is my favorite color. W:Yes, the white one kept breaking down, so I thought it was time for a change. M:Was it white? I thought it was cream. W:Ha-ha. That＇s because I only washed it once in the five years I had it. M:Really? I thought I was lazy washing mine, only once a year. W:Yes, it didn＇t really look dirty until two years ago when I drove through some mud. M:Well, you must make sure you keep the new one clean. Text 7 M:Are you going to play tennis with us this afternoon? W:Who will be there? M:Mary, Peter, Jane, and me. Come along. We＇re only going to the park. It＇s not too far. W:I＇m not going because my mother is ill. M:I＇m sorry to hear that. Who else is taking care of your mother as well? W:My brother. He works in a travel agency. So he can only stay with my mother at night. What＇s more, I need to be awake bright and early tomorrow morning for my college interview. M:Well, in that case, we＇ll go without you. Text 8 W:So now you work from home. How are you liking it? We miss you at the office. M:It＇s great. I can get up in the morning at whatever time I like, and I don＇t have a manager watching me all the time. W:I would love that.But how do you inspire yourself to do your work? M:With great difficulty. That is the biggest problem I have—making myself do the work. W:But you are managing to do it. M:Yes, I＇m not complaining. Besides, I don＇t have any more travel costs to think of. W:And you can make your own lunch instead of buying it. That will be cheaper. M:True, although I do have to turn on the heat to keep the house warm all day in winter, which is a new expense. Text 9 M:I＇m really sorry. I always feel sick when I ride on a bus. I think it＇s because I can＇t see the road ahead. W:Don＇t worry. We＇ll soon reach our stop. I thought it would make us tired if we walked all the way. M:You＇re right. We will need all our strength to climb the mountain when we get there. W:I think there is a chairlift to the top these days. M:That＇s for lazy people. We＇ll take the path, like we did just after we got married. W:Yes, do you remember? We had a tour guide—a friendly guy. M:He was a nice man. He showed us all the best views. Are there no tour guides now? W:No, I think most tourists like to explore on their own. M:They would see more with a guide like him. He wouldn＇t let us rest. There was always another sight to see. W:Let＇s hope we can see all the views today. Text 10 How do you turn trash into treasure? In the case of furniture, you wait for around a hundred years. That is my opinion. I have been selling old furniture, really old furniture, for 40 years, and people often ask me how I know the differences between something that is junk and something that is good. The answer is usually the age, because in the past, more care was taken making things. The technology might have been worse in the past, but people had time to make things better. People weren＇t as rich in the old days, so their furniture was made to last. Nowadays, if something breaks, we throw it away. In the past, things were repaired. Many of the beautiful old chairs and tables I see show signs of having been repaired many times. Do I mind? No, I love it. It gives them character. Of course, there are still some beautiful things being made today, but give me the old ones any day. 第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节　(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A (2020河南南阳第一中学高二月考) EXPERIENCE COLUMBIA＇S HOT ATTRACTIONS ◆RIVERBANKS ZOO & GARDEN It is home to more than 2,000 animals and one of the nation＇s most beautiful botanical gardens.With more than 350 species from around the world, Riverbanks is one of the largest mid-sized zoos in the country. Hours:9:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m. daily Admission:Adults(13—61)—$19.95 Children (2—12)—$16.95 ◆EDVENTURE The South＇s largest children＇s museum has 300 exhibits to inspire children to experience the joy of learning. Where else but EdVenture can children drive a real fire truck, anchor the news or visit another country? Hours: Monday—Sunday: 9 a.m.—5 p.m. Admission: Members Free Children and Adults—$ 11.95 ◆SOUTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM The stories of South Carolina come alive through the exhibits and collections of the State Museum. Plus, a new 4-D theater provides popular movies that excite all ages. Museum members are invited to night-sky observing and more on Tuesday nights! Hours: Mon., Wed.—Fri.:10 a.m.—5 p.m., Tues.:10 a.m.—10 p.m., Sat.:10 a.m.—6 p.m., Sun.:noon—5 p.m. Admission: Adults (13—61):$ 8.95 Children (3—12):$ 6.95 ◆SALUDA SHOALS PARK Saluda Shoals Park is a sensitive riverfront park that invites visitors to experience the treasures of the Saluda River through exceptional, educational and cultural opportunities. Fun-Filled Family Activities Nightly! (except Thanksgiving, Christmas Eve and Christmas night) Free for activities: apply with Holiday Lights admission ($ 20/car;$ 40/15-passenger vehicle;$ 60/bus). 21.Which attraction best suits a child interested in broadcasting news? A.EdVenture. B.The State Museum. C.Saluda Shoals Park. D.Riverbanks Zoo & Garden. 22.How much should a young couple with a 4-year-old son pay to enjoy various plants and animals? A.$24.85.　　　B.$20. C.$56.85.　　　D.$35.85. 23.Which of the following is available to all tourists in the State Museum? A.Having a fantastic visual feast at 1:00 p.m. B.Visiting the exhibits on Sunday morning. C.Enjoying free family activities every night. D.Observing the amazing night sky on Tuesday nights. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。介绍了哥伦比亚热门景点的相关信息。

21.A　细节理解题。由“EDVENTURE”中的“Where else but EdVenture can children drive a real fire truck, anchor the news or visit another country?”可知,“EdVenture”景点最适合对广播新闻感兴趣的孩子。故选A项。

22.C　细节理解题。由“RIVERBANKS ZOO & GARDEN”中的“Admission:Adults(13—61)—$19.95　Children (2—12)—$16.95”可知,一对年轻的夫妇和一个4岁大的孩子应该支付$19.95+$19.95+$16.95=$56.85。故选C项。

23.A　推理判断题。由“SOUTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM”中的时间信息可知,游客在周一到周日的下午1点都会欣赏到一场美妙的视觉盛宴。故选A项。

B (2020安徽合肥第一中学高二上期中) Ray Tokuda, a 54-year-old Japanese-American, is proud of the title his school has given him. He is a shifu, a Chinese word meaning a master of martial arts. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for over four decades. After learning them at the martial arts school in the U.S. New Mexico State, today he is among the most experienced kung fu teachers of the school. Founded by a Chinese-American in 1974, the training center accepts only those with stunning kung fu skills and a profound understanding of martial arts as its masters according to Shanti Thomas, general manager of the school. Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda＇s daily routine. Tokuda is teaching and learning at the same time now. He spends around 15 to 20 hours a week honing his skills and is also working on standardizing the Tai Chi curriculums for the training center. He was sent to the martial arts school at 10, but he was unwilling in the beginning. His father had always wanted to learn Chinese martial arts but never got the chance, so he put him in. He was afraid at that time because he thought kung fu was all about punching and kicking. But things changed after he learned that martial arts were more than that. “One of the things martial arts teach you is overcoming adversity (逆境),” Tokuda said. “As a little kid, my first lesson was that I could overcome it by diligence, perseverance and dedication.” Learning Chinese martial arts was also an eye-opening experience because he could hear many ancient Chinese kung fu-related stories to better understand the essence of martial arts. Tokuda joined a China tour organized by his school in 2002.He described it as a martial arts pilgrimage (朝圣). “We went to Shaolin and Wudang and exchanged views and skills with kung fu masters there,” he said, fired with excitement while talking about the experience. 24.According to Shanti Thomas, who can be a master of the martial arts school? A.One experienced in martial arts and understanding the essence. B.Those gifted and interested in martial arts. C.Those having a good knowledge of martial arts. D.One who knows many ancient martial arts stories. 25.What does the underlined word “honing” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.Introducing.　　　B.Improving. C.Advertising.　　　D.Displaying. 26.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.The martial arts school was founded by Shanti Thomas in 1974. B.Tokuda paid a visit to Shaolin and Wudang by himself in 2002. C.Tokuda spends about 15 to 20 hours a week training students. D.Martial arts can teach one to overcome challenges. 27.Why was Ray Tokuda sent to learn Chinese martial arts? A.Because he was crazy about Chinese culture. B.Because he wanted to be a martial arts master. C.Because his father had wanted to learn but could not. D.Because his parents wanted to better understand Chinese culture. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tokuda学习中国武术并传播中国传统文化的故事。

24.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Founded by a Chinese-American in 1974, the training center accepts only those with stunning kung fu skills and a profound understanding of martial arts as its masters according to Shanti Thomas...”可知,Shanti Thomas认为那些精通武术和理解武术精髓的人才可以成为武术学校的大师。故选A项。

25.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段内容可知,Tokuda边教边学,他一周会花费15到20个小时来提升自己的武术技能。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出画线词意为“提升”。故选B项。

26.D　细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“One of the things martial arts teach you is overcoming adversity”可知,Tokuda认为,武术教给人的一件事就是克服逆境,从而可以得知武术能教会人们克服挑战。故选D项。

27.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容可知,因为他的父亲一直想学习中国武术却没有机会,所以他父亲把他送进了武术学校。故选C项。

C (2020浙江诸暨中学高二上学期期中考试) Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across a few hundred of its stores. Using maps input by human employees, the AI-powered cleaners will travel in the store with no difficulty sweeping the floor—just as human employees used to do. Perhaps the most striking thing about these robot workers is how not-striking they are. Sci-fi movies suggest a future full of human-like robots that appear with their horrible qualities. Now the future is coming into view, and it looks like a giant lie. It＇s easy to imagine walking past an Auto-C on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence. AI has already started to become a part of our everyday life. In New Jersey this week, dozens of workers were hospitalized after a robot at an Amazon fulfillment centre accidentally broke a can and enveloped workers in eye-and-lung-damaging gas. Days earlier in California, an auto-piloted Tesla drove a drunk, sleeping driver down a highway, which no doubt did some potential risks to the other drivers on the road. Highway patrol officers figured out on the spot how to stop the AI car. Of course, industrial accidents and drunk drivers existed well before AI. Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labor—horses, steam machines, self-driving cars—also come with the power to injure. And the presence of AI-powered machines just steps away from us is, for now, still a rare thing for most people. But the nature of robots＇ coming into our daily lives will make it harder to recognize—or object to—the bigger changes they bring later. Walmart insists that the robot cleaners give employees more time for customer service and other tasks. Critics point out that they could just as easily become an excuse to reduce staff and wages. 28.What is the difference between sci-fi movies and the reality? A.Now the human-like robots are hard to recognize. B.Now people don＇t go to see sci-fi movies. C.Now the human-like robots can tell lies. D.Now it is easy to ignore the robots. 29.Why were some workers in hospital in New Jersey? A.They damaged the robot first. B.The robot caused an accident on purpose. C.The robot made a mistake by chance. D.The robot driving them on the highway had an accident. 30.What is the attitude of the author to AI? A.Supportive.　　　B.Objective. C.Doubtful.　　　D.Indifferent. 31.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Artificial intelligence is bringing great effect to our daily life. B.Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across its stores. C.We should say no to artificial intelligence. D.Artificial intelligence is dangerous to our life. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人工智能正给我们的日常生活带来影响。

28.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It＇s easy to imagine walking past an Auto-C on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence.”可知,现实与科幻电影之间的差别是现在忽视机器人很容易。故选D项。

29.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In New Jersey this week, dozens of workers were hospitalized after a robot at an Amazon fulfillment centre accidentally broke a can and enveloped workers in eye-and-lung-damaging gas.”可知,新泽西一些工作人员住院的原因是机器人意外犯错。故选C项。

30.B　推理判断题。根据第四段的首句“Of course, industrial accidents and drunk drivers existed well before AI.”以及第五段的首句“But the nature of robots＇ coming into our daily lives will make it harder to recognize—or object to—the bigger changes they bring later.”可知,作者对待AI 的态度是非常客观的。故选B项。

31.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across a few hundred of its stores.”以及第三段中的“AI has already started to become a part of our everyday life.”可知,本文介绍的是人工智能正给我们的日常生活带来影响。故选A项。

D (2020贵州思南中学高二上期中) Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat and black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads? Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt roads. Some, however, dive deep into the ground. When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(含水层) into which several heat exchangers (交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. 32.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss. B.Large, flat, and black surfaces need to be built in cities. C.The Dutch engineer＇s system has been widely used. D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads. 33.For what purpose are the diving pipes used? A.To absorb heat from the sun. B.To store heat for future use. C.To turn solar energy into heat energy. D.To carry heat down below the surface. 34.What can we know from the last paragraph? A.Some pipes have to be rearranged in winter. B.The system can do more than warming up the building. C.The exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface. D.Less heat may be collected in winter than in summer. 35.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A.What shall we do if the system goes wrong. B.What shall we do if there are no asphalt roads. C.How the system cools the building in summer. D.How the system collects heat in spring and autumn. 答案 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。最简单的方法往往最有效。城市里既然有了巨大的“深色”表面,为什么不用来收集太阳能呢?荷兰工程师 Arian de Bondt 就发明了这样一个系统,用于在城市道路上收集太阳热量,以便储存加热地底的水,还可以在冬季使用。

32.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads?”可知,柏油路也可以用来收集热量。故选D项。

33.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground water, before returning to the surface through another pipe.”可知,潜水管的作用是把热量传导到下面的储水层里。故选D项。

34.B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.”可知,这个系统不仅可以给建筑物供暖,还可以防止道路结冰积雪。故选B项。

35.C　推理判断题。文章最后一段讲了冬天如何供暖,所以后面要讲这个系统在夏天如何为建筑物降温。故选C项。

第二节　(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2020杭州七县期末) How to stay healthy living in a city Staying in a city is a great way to live a safer and more environmentally friendly lifestyle. City living provides you with plenty of chances to stay healthy. You＇re only a few steps away from being your healthiest self! 　36　Invest (投资) in a bike to save time and money on traveling. While cars seem faster, you can have more mobility by riding a bike. Check and see if your city has any bike routes built into the street that allow you to travel more safely.  　37　Search online or look through your local newspaper advertisements to see if a gym or a fitness club is near you. While gyms are a bit more expensive, you can get special equipment. 　38　 If anything, exercising in a busier place can help you feel more motivated (有动力的).  Run to stay in shape. 　39　 If you don＇t feel like driving or biking, running can also be a great choice for getting from place to place. Whenever you go out, make sure that you＇re running in comfortable shoes and wearing a reflective shirt.  Plan healthy meals for each week. Create a calendar for mealtimes, including breakfast, lunch, and dinner. 　40　 So you can shop for what you need early on. If you＇re going to be busy on a certain day of the week, choose a frozen meal instead.  A. Join a local gym to stay healthy. B. Travel by bike instead of car to get to places. C. Don＇t worry about the places being too crowded. D. Check the area in walking distance from your home. E. Order from healthier restaurants instead of going for fast food. F. Decide ahead of time what you＇d like to eat throughout the week. G. Use the large number of sidewalks around you to get some exercise. 答案 [语篇解读]　本篇为说明文。文章介绍了在城市生活中保持健康的方法,包括去健身房、骑车代替开车、坚持跑步塑形、每周进行健康的饮食等。

36.B　考查段首主题句。根据下文Invest (投资) in a bike to save time and money on traveling. While cars seem faster, you can have more mobility by riding a bike.可知,本段介绍了以骑自行车这样健康的方式出行。由此可知,B项Travel by bike instead of car to get to places.符合文意,故选B。

37.A　考查段首主题句。根据后文Search online or look through your local newspaper advertisements to see if a gym or a fitness club is near you.可知,本段提到了解当地的健身房,可以在健身房进行运动。由此可知,A项Join a local gym to stay healthy.符合文意,故选A。

38.C　考查段中句以及逻辑关系。根据下文If anything, exercising in a busier place can help you feel more motivated.可知,健身房人多也没关系,反而会激起你运动的动力。由此可知,C项“Don＇t worry about the places being too crowded.”,符合文意,故选C。

39.G　考查段中句以及逻辑关系。根据下文If you don＇t feel like driving or biking, running can also be a great choice for getting from place to place.可知,跑步这一活动不受环境的限制,周围的人行道也可以进行跑步锻炼。由此可知,G项“利用周围大量的人行道做一些运动”符合文意,故选G。

40.F　考查段中句以及逻辑关系。根据上文Create a calendar for mealtimes, including breakfast, lunch, and dinner.及下文So you can shop for what you need early on.可知,要提前对自己的健康食谱做好准备。由此可知,F项“提前决定你整个星期想吃什么”符合文意,故选F。

第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节　(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

(2020山东泰安高二上期末) In 1994, The Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was 　41　 to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them 　42　 memories.  To his horror, he saw a totally different 　43　. Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a serious patient—everything was 　44　 due to deforestation (滥伐森林),” Salgado said 　45　 during a meeting on climate change in Paris.  Salgado　46　 that he should do something about it. Then he 　47　 a bold idea of replanting trees on the land. He received 　48　 from his wife and relatives, which was beyond his expectations. Soon the whole family 　49　 and the results were remarkable. 　50　, the land was changing: It was carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and animals living in the land before 　51　. The land has been brought back to life. The 　52　 family＇s hard work also impressed people around them. They 　53　 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.  “The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 　54　 and I think every little bit of work 　55　,” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.  41.A.sorry　　 　B.ready　　　 C.eager　　　D.willing 42.A.wonderful　 　 　B.embarrassing　　　C.painful　　 D.complex 43.A.direction　　 　B.atmosphere　　　 C.plan　　　 D.sight 44.A.disturbed　　 　B.destroyed　　　　 C.prohibited　　 　D.abandoned 45.A.calmly　　 　B.nervously　　 　C.sadly　　　 D.lightly 46.A.admitted　　 　B.realized　　　 C.agreed　　 　D.proved 47.A.thought up　　 　B.laughed at　　　 C.turned down　　　D.tried out 48.A.doubts　　 　B.permission　　　 C.suggestions　　　D.support 49.A.backed off　　 　B.broke up　　　　C.took action　　 　D.got through 50.A.Suddenly　　 　B.Eventually　　 　C.Gradually　　 　D.Generally 51.A.escaped　　　 B.returned　　 　C.approached　　　D.died 52.A.kind-hearted　　　B.brave　　　　C.devoted　　　 D.considerate 53.A.forgot　　　 B.stopped　　　 C.delayed　
D.missed 54.A.comment　　　B.promise　　　C.offer　　 　D.effort 55.A.increases　　　B.matches　　　C.improves　　　D.matters 答案 41.C　根据下文的“The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them 　42　 memories.”可知他渴望看到他的家族经营的土地。故选C项。  42.A　根据上文的“The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园 ) for him and his friends...”可知,茂密的森林给他们带来了美好的回忆。wonderful美好的;embarrassing使人尴尬的;painful痛苦的;complex复杂的。故选A项。

43.D　根据下文的“Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees.”可知,他看到了一个完全不同的景象。direction方向;atmosphere气氛;plan计划;sight景象。故选D项。

44.B　根据下文的“due to deforestation”可知,这里的意思是由于森林砍伐,一切都被破坏了。disturb干扰;destroy破坏;prohibit禁止;abandon抛弃。故选B项。

45.C　根据上文“The land was as sick as a serious patient—everything was 　44　 due to deforestation...”可知,Salgado在巴黎举行的气候变化会议上悲伤地说。故选C项。  46.B　根据下文的“Then he 　47　 a bold idea of replanting trees on the land. He received 　48　 from his wife and relatives, which was beyond his expectations.”可知,这里的意思是Salgado意识到他应该做点什么。admit承认;realize意识到;agree同意;prove证明。故选B项。  47.A　根据下文的“...a bold idea of replanting trees on the land...”可知,这里的意思是他想出了一个大胆的主意。think up想出;laugh at嘲笑;turn down拒绝;try out试验。故选A项。

48.D　根据下文的“Soon the whole family 　49　 and the results were remarkable.”可知,他得到了妻子和亲戚的支持。doubt怀疑;permission允许;suggestion建议;support支持。故选D项。  49.C　根据下文的“...and the results were remarkable.”可知,整个家庭都采取了行动。back off后退;break up结束;take action采取行动;get through通过。故选C项。

50.C　根据生活常识可知,土地发生变化是一个逐渐变化的过程。suddenly突然地;eventually最后;gradually渐渐地;generally普遍地。故选C。

51.B　根据下文的“The land has been brought back to life.”可知,之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫、鸟类和动物也回来了。故选B项。

52.C　从文中得知Salgado一家人通过自己的努力,把荒野重新变成了绿洲,这是有献身精神的一家人。kind-hearted好心的;brave勇敢的;devoted有献身精神的;considerate考虑周到的。故选C项。

53.B　根据上文的“The 　52　 family＇s hard work also impressed people around them.”可知,他们停止砍伐树木,开始保护环境。故选B项。  54.D　根据上文的“The 　52　 family＇s hard work also impressed people around them.”可知,Salgado一家为这项工作付出了辛苦的努力。comment评论;promise许诺;offer提供;effort努力。故选D项。  55.D　根据最后一句“Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.”可知,这里的意思是每一点工作都很重要。increase增加;match匹配;improve改善;matter要紧。故选D项。

第二节　(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2020浙江杭州八校联盟高二上期中) Jane Goodall was born in London in 1934. She became interested in animal stories when she was a very young child. She always dreamed of working with wild 　56　 (animal). When she was eleven years old, she decided that she wanted 　57　 (go) to Africa to live with and write about animals. But this was not the kind of thing young women usually did in the 1940s. Everybody was laughing except her mother. “If you 　58　 (real) want something, work hard, take advantage of the opportunity, never give up, and you will find a way,” her mother said to her. The opportunity 　59　 (come) at last. A school friend invited her to Africa. Jane worked as 　60　 waitress until she got enough money to travel there.  In 1957, Jane Goodall traveled to Africa. She soon met the well-known scientist Louis Leakey and began working for him as an assistant. He later asked her to study a group of chimpanzees 　61　 (live) by a lake in Tanzania. Very little was known about wild chimpanzees at that time.  Jane spent many years studying chimpanzees 　62　 this area of Africa. It was not easy work. They were very shy and would run away 　63　 she came near. She learned to watch them from far away using binoculars (双筒望远镜). Over time, she slowly gained 　64　 (they) trust. Watching the chimpanzees, she made many discoveries. They ate vegetables and fruit. But she found that they also ate meat. A few weeks later, she made an even more 　65　 (surprise) discovery. She saw chimpanzees making and using tools to help them catch insects.  答案 56.animals　考查名词复数。句意:她总是梦想与野生动物一起工作。animal是可数名词,前面没有限定词,所以填animals。

57.to go　考查固定句型。句意:当她十一岁的时候,她决定要去非洲和动物一起生活,写关于动物的文章。want to do sth.想要做某事,所以填to go。

58.really　考查副词。句意:“如果你真的想要做某事,努力工作,抓住机会,永不放弃,你会找到方法的,”她的母亲对她说。该空修饰动词want,用副词,所以填really。

59.came　考查时态。句意:机会终于来了。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以填came。

60.a　考查冠词。句意:Jane当一个女服务员,直到她有足够的钱去那里旅游。泛指“一个女服务员”,waitress的首字母发音是辅音,用不定冠词a。

61.living　考查非谓语动词。句意:后来他请她研究一群生活在坦桑尼亚的一个湖边的黑猩猩。　61　(live) by a lake in Tanzania作定语,修饰chimpanzees。live和chimpanzees之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,所以填living。  62.in　考查介词。句意:Jane花了许多年研究非洲这个地区的黑猩猩。表示“在这个地方”,用介词in。

63.whenever/when/if　考查连词。句意:它们很害羞,当她走近时它们就会逃跑。文中表示“无论何时”“当……时”或“如果”,所以填whenever/when/if。

64.their　考查代词。句意:随着时间的推移,她慢慢获得了它们的信任。表示“它们的”,所以填their。

65.surprising　考查形容词。句意:几周后,她有了一个更惊人的发现。该空修饰名词discovery,用形容词,v.-ing修饰物,v.-ed修饰人,所以填surprising。

第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节　应用文写作(满分15分) (2020四川成都蓉城高中教育联盟高二上期中联考) 假设你是李华,你从报纸上看到成都熊猫基地在招募寒假志愿者,为外国友人介绍熊猫基地的情况及熊猫的习性,你很感兴趣,写信应征。内容包括: 1.表达意愿。

2.介绍自己的优势。

3.你被招募后的打算。

注意: 1.词数80左右;开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数; 2.可适当发挥,以使行文连贯。

参考词汇:熊猫基地:the Panda Base 答案 One possible version: Dear Sir/Madam,  I＇m Li Hua. I＇m writing in response to your advertisement on the newspaper for a volunteer. You say that you need a volunteer to introduce the situation in the Panda Base and living habits of pandas during the winter vacation. I＇m really interested in it.  Let me introduce myself first. I＇m a senior middle school student and good at English. Besides, I＇m outgoing, so I can communicate and get along well with people. Finally, as a native, I know many things about the Panda Base and pandas. So I＇m sure I can do this job well.  If I＇m lucky enough to be chosen, I＇ll try my best to do my job well. I＇ll introduce our culture to foreigners in fluent English. So trust me and you won＇t regret.  I＇d be grateful if you could give me a chance. Thanks!  Yours sincerely,  Li Hua  第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

(2020山东淄博高二上期中) The bell rang, announcing the end of the vivid art class Karson loved most. He was delighted that he had created a very satisfying work. So he walked to the back of the classroom to put his work away carefully. There, lying on the carpet in front of the classroom bookcase, was a golden ticket! Karson picked it up. His heart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank. He couldn＇t believe his luck! The boys and girls in Karson＇s class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their study or by being extra helpful or kind. Once a week their teacher drew a ticket out of a box on her desk and let the winner choose a prize. Today was the golden ticket drawing, and here was another ticket, just for him! Karson looked around. No one else was near the ticket. All his classmates were at their desks, laughing and talking with each other. Miss Evans was engaged in grading the papers collected earlier in the morning. Karson decided to write his name on the blank line. Then he could put it into the prize box with the six tickets he＇d already earned. With so many chances, one of his tickets would most probably be picked! Then he could choose the pink toy pig for his sister＇s birthday, just like he had been hoping. He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket. Suddenly his fingers stopped. There was a strange feeling in his chest, and it wasn＇t his heartbeat. It＇s finders keepers, right? He wondered. He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out. On the one hand, he did find the ticket, but he hadn＇t earned it. Somebody must have lost it. But on the other hand, he did need this extra ticket for his great plan! 注意:续写词数应为150左右。

答案 One possible version: Paragraph 1: Karson stared at the blank name line for a moment. He knew his plan wouldn＇t be so great if he won with a ticket that didn＇t belong to him. So he walked up to his teacher. “Miss Evans, I happened to find this ticket on the floor near the bookcase. I think the one who lost it will look for it. And these are mine,” he said, dropping his six tickets into the box. When he turned around to leave, the teacher stopped him.  Paragraph 2: “Karson, I＇d like you to have another ticket!” Miss Evans said. Karson was amazed and wondered why. Miss Evans smiled and signed to the class to quiet down, “Karson handed in the golden ticket he had just found. I think he is honest and deserves another one!” The class burst into loud applause. Karson happily went back to his seat, eagerly expecting the ticket drawing. He still wanted his name to be picked, but he would feel OK even if it wasn＇t. After all, making the right choice did make him feel great!