测试与检测技术基础试题清华大学本科生考试试题

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 清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸)

 (中文)

  考试课程:测试与检测技术基础

  2003 年 7 月 1 日

 1. 回答下列问题。

 (每小题 5 分,总分 40 分)

 (1)DFT 的主要步骤是什么? (2)什么是乃奎斯特频率?如果使用 kHz f s 8  的采样频率对信号进行采样,在此采样频率下,可以精确分辨的最高信号频率是多少? (3)

   t x 是具有零均值的纯随机信号,求   xxR lim 。

 (4)

  te t x , 求      dt t t x 2  。

 (5)对于一阶低通 RC 滤波器(图 1),若截止频率Hz f c 440  , F C  047 . 0  ,求 R 。

 (6)将一个模拟信号数字化以进行谱分析。如果被分析的 频 率 范 围 是 Hz 250 ~ 0 , 所 需 的 频 率 分 辨 率Hz f 5 . 0   ,请确定

 (a)采样频率sf ;

 (b)进行 FFT 所需的采样点总数 N 。

 (7)一个速度传感器频率响应的固有频率 Hz f 20  ,阻尼比 7 . 0   ,求其工作频带。

 (8)为了消除通常在压电传感器中存在的杂散电容,应采取什么措施?

 2. (10 分)如果   f X 是   t x 的傅里叶变换,确定下述两信号的频谱。(不用画出频谱图)

 (a)  3sin 1tt x 

 (b)  jte t x1 2

  3. (8 分)求取下图所示信号   t x 的频谱。

  R C Fig. 1

   t x

 2A A 0 T

 t

  d

 Fig. 2

 4. (8 分)用一应变片测量构件上某一点的应力。此应变片构成电阻电桥的一个臂,并用V e x 10  的直流电源对电桥进行激励。如果应变片的电阻  120 R ,应变片系数 2 gs ,电桥的输出 mV e o 5  ,确定该点应变片敏感方向上的应变  和应力  。(假定构件材料的弹性模量 Pa E1010 20  。)

 5. (8 分)求时域信号  tt At x3 sin6 的傅里叶变换,并画出其频谱图。

 6. (8 分)

  (a)信号     x t x t x  1,其中 x 为其均值。计算该信号的自相关函数。

  (b)如果信号自相关函数的形式为  cos A ,计算信号的均方值2 。

 7. (8 分)一传感器对一频率为 Hz 5000 的信号作出响应,但同时也检测到了 60Hz 噪声,其输出信号因此为       mV t t      5000 2 cos 25 60 2 sin 5  

 为去除 60Hz 噪声,采用了一个截止频率为 Hz 1000 的高通滤波器。求经滤波后的输出信号。

 8. (10 分)一单自由度系统如图(a)所示,它受到一锯齿波力函数(图(b))作用,求系统的稳态响应。

 设系统的参数如下:

 kg m 1  , m N k 1000  , m s N   6 . 31  , N A 100  。

    t x

    t f

 k

 

 m (a) A T 2T t 0

   t f

 (b) Fig. 3

  纸 清华大学本科生考试试题专用纸 (A 卷)

  考试课程

 测试与检测技术基础

 2004 年 6 月 21 日

  1. Answer the following questions (4 points for each question. Total points: 32.) (1) Assuming a system has a frequency response     j a j H   , what is the output of the system when the input is a sine-wave signal? (2) A half-wave sinusoidal signal is

 (a) multiplied by two unit impulses, or (b) convoluted with the two unit impulses (see the figure below). Sketch the two result diagrams.

 (3) What is the Nyquist frequency? If a sampling frequency kHz f s 4 

 is used to sample a signal, what is the highest frequency of the signal which can be accurately resolved at this sampling frequency? (4) For amplitude modulation, what operations are performed in time domain and in frequency domain respectively? (5) For a first-order RC high-pass filter, what are its cut-off frequency and its frequency response? (6) If an auto-correlation function is of the form  cos A , determine the mean-square value 2

 of the signal. (7) A piezoelectric accelerometer has a frequency response with a natural frequency kHz f n 4  , and a damping ratio 7 . 0   , what is its working frequency range? (8) An analog signal is digitized for spectrum analysis. If the analyzed frequency range is Hz 300 ~ 0 , and a frequency resolution (频率分辨率) of Hz f 5 . 0  

 is required, determine T/2 0 t x(t) T/2 0 t g(t)

 (a) the sampling frequency sf ; and (b) the number N of the total sample points for an FFT procedure.

 2. (10 points) Determine the spectrum of the following signal   t x . Plot the spectrum.       otherwise AT t T t f At x4 4 2 cos0 0 0   where 01fT 

  3. (10 points) A filter has its frequency response function    j H

 shown in Fig.(a) with its phase characteristic   0    . For a saw-tooth input signal   t f (see Fig.(b)), determine the filter’s output.

 4. (7 points) Signal   t x 1

 has its Fourier transform   f X 1

 (Fig. (a)). For the spectrum      4 1 3 1 2f f X f f X f X    

 shown in Fig.(b), determine its time signal   t x 2 .

   4

  4 

 

 0 2    j H(a)   t f

 t

 1 -1

  0

 1

 2 (b) T/2

 0

 0 A t x(t)

  5. (10 points) Find the Fourier series of the following signal   t x

 and plot its spectrum.    , 2 , 1 , 002 sin0      kotherwiseT kT t kT t At x

 6. (10 points) Find the frequency response function of the following filter. What kind of filter is it? Calculate its cut-off frequency c

 and the damping ratio  .

 7. (7 points) A strain gage is used to measure the stress at a certain point of a structure. The strain gage forms one arm of a resistive bridge which is excited by a dc power   f X 1

  1 10 f f 

 f

   f X 2

 f

  3 40 f f 

 (a) (b)   t x

 A T 0 T/2 t

 ie

  1R

  A

 B

 -

 +

 1C

  2C

  2R

  oe

 supply V e x 5  . If the strain gage has a resistance  100 R and a gage factor (应变片系数) 2 gs , and the bridge’s output mV e o 10  , determine the strain 

 and the stress 

 at the point in the sensing direction of the strain gage. (Assuming the Young’s modulus (弹性模量) of the structure’s material Pa E1010 20  .)

 8. (14 points) An inertial vibration pick-up is shown in the figure below. a. If the pick-up is used as a displacement transducer, write its frequency response function. If the transducer has a natural frequency Hz f n 400  , and a damping ratio 707 . 0   , for a sine-wave input of a frequency Hz 200 ,determine the relative amplitude error and the phase-shift (相位差) of the output. b. If the pick-up is used as an accelerometer whose input is acceleration and the output is displacement, write its frequency response function.

 ix

 k 

  ox

  ax

 M Rigid connection Measured object

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