检查英语

　第一章 定义和常用缩略语 一、 定义 1. Clear grounds: evidence that the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the requirements of the relevant conventions or that the master or crewmembers are not familiar with essential shipboard procedures relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution. 明显依据：船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据，或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。

　2. Deficiency: A condition found not to be in compliance with the requirements of the relevant convention. 缺陷：发现的不符合有关公约要求的一种状况 3. Detention: Intervention action taken by the port State when the condition of the ship or its crew does not correspond substantially with the applicable conventions to ensure that the ship will not sail until it can proceed to sea without presenting a danger to the ship or persons on board, or without presenting an unreasonable threat of harm to the marine environment. 滞留：当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时，港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。

　4. Inspection: A visit on board a shi to check both the validity of the relevant certificates and documents, and the overall condition of the ship, its equipment, and its crew. 检查：登船检验有关证书、文件的有效性和船舶及其设备和船员的总体情况。

　5. More detailed inspection: An inspection conducted when there are clear grounds for believing that the condition of the ship, its equipment, or its crew does not correspond substantially with the particulars of the certificates. 详细检查：当有明显依据相信船舶条件、船舶设备或船员实质上不符合证书项目时所进行的检查。6. Port State Control Officer (PSCO): A person duly authorized by the competent authority of a Party to a relevant convention to carry out port State control inspections, and responsible exclusively to that Party. 港口国监督检查官（以下简称检查官）：经过有关公约缔约国的主管机关正式授权执行港口国监督检查，并对缔约国负责的人员。

　7. Stoppage of an operation: Formal prohibition against a ship to continue an operation due to identified deficiencies, which singly or together, render the continuation of such operation hazardous. 停止作业：由于船舶具有一个或几个被识别缺陷会使船舶继续进行某些操作产生危险，而对继续进行此项作业的正式禁止。

　8. Substandard ship: A ship whose hull, machinery, equipment, or operational safety is substantially below the standards required by the relevant convention or whose crew os not in conformance with the safe manning document. 低标准船：船体、机器、设备或操作安全方面实质上低于有关公约要求的标准或者实际配员不符合安全配员文件的船舶。

　9. Valid certificates: A certificate that has been issued directly by a Party to a relevant convention or on its behalf by a recognized organization and contains accurate

　and effective dates; meets the provisions of the relevant convention; and, with which the particulars of the ship, its crew and its equipment correspond. 有效证书：有关公约的一个缔约国直接签发的，或由缔约国认可的机构代表该缔约国签发的，包括准确和有效的日期，符合有关公约规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的证书。

　二、 常用缩略语 10. Abbreviations 英文缩写 DOC

　 Document of compliance SMC

　 Safety management certificate SMS

　 Safety management system ILL

　International load line IOPP

　 International oil pollution prevention OPA 90 Oil pollution act of 1990 (usa) AIS

　 Automatic identification system IGS

　 Inert gas system MOU

　 Memorandum of understanding SOP

　Standard operating procedure SOPEP

　 Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan VDR

　Voyage data recorder GMDSS

　Global maritime distress and safety system 三、缺陷代码及纠正条款说明 11、Action codes

　行动代码 10

　 deficiency rectified

　缺陷已纠正 15 rectify deficiency at next port

　缺陷在下一港纠正 16 rectify deficiency within 14 days

　缺陷在 14 天内纠正 17 master instructed to rectify deficiency before departure

　 通知船长在开航前纠正缺陷 18 rectify non-conformity within 3 months

　在 3 个月内纠正不符合项 19 rectify major non-conformity before departure

　在开航前纠正严重不符合项 30 detainable deficiency

　 可滞留的缺陷 35 detention raised

　 解除滞留 36 ship allowed to sail after follow-up detention

　 在跟踪滞留的前提下准予开航 40 next port informed

　通知下一港 45 next port informed to re-detain

　 通知下一港再次滞留 50 flag state/consul informed

　 通知船旗国/领事机构 55 flag state consulted

　咨询船旗国 60 region state informed

　 通知地区国 70 classification society informed

　 通知船级社 80 temporary substitution of equipment

　 临时替代设备 85 investigation of contravention of discharge provisions (MARPOL)

　调查违规排放 （MARPOL）

　95 letter of warning issued

　 签发警告信 96 letter warning withdrawn

　 收回警告信 99 other (specify in clear text)

　其他 （详细说明）

　注：这里引用的是东京备忘录的行动代码，其他备忘录的情况大同小异。

　第二章 港口国监督检查概述 12. General

　概要 Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international conventions and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. The primary responsibility for ensuring that a ship maintains a standard at least equivalent to that specified in international conventions rests with the flag State and if all flag States performed their duties satisfactorily there would be no need for port State control. Unfortunately this is not the case as evidenced by the many marine accidents around the world – hence the need for additional control. 港口国监督是港口国当局对抵港的外国籍船舶实施的，以确保船舶及其设备符合国际公约要求、船舶的配员与操作符合适用的国际规范为目的的一种检查。确保船舶保持国际公约中规定的标准是船旗国的首要责任，如果所有的船旗国都能令人满意地履行他们的职责，那么港口国监督就没有必要存在，不幸的是，实际情况却并非如此，世界范围内发生的诸多海难事故已证明了这一点，因此这种额外监控也就成为必然。

　The authority for exercising PSC is the national law based on relevant conventions. It is therefore necessary for a port State to be Party to those conventions and to have promulgated the necessary legislation before exercising PSC. In accordance with the provisions of the applicable conventions, Parties may conduct inspections of foreign ships in their ports through Port State Control Officers (PSCOs). 港口国监督的实施是通过基于相关国际公约的国内法所授权的。因此，港口国必须是这些公约缔约国，而且，在实施港口国监督之前要颁布起立法。根据所适用公约的条款规定，港口国可由检查官对抵达其港口的外国籍船舶实施检查。

　13. Provisions of port State control 港口国监督条款 IMO conventions place the responsibility for technically and environmentally safe ships primarily on the flag State. However, it is recognized that a port State can make a useful contribution to these aims and many conventions, therefore, contain provisions that permit port State control. These include: IMO 的公约把保证船舶的技术安全和环境安全的首要责任放在了船旗国的肩上。然而，普遍认为，港口国能对实现该目标作出贡献，因此，很多的国际公约都包含有港口国监督条款。它们是：

　（1）

　SOLAS 74，regulation 1/9, regulation IX/6 and regulation XI/4; （2）

　LOADLINES 66, article 21; （3）

　MARPOL 73/78, ARTICLES 5 & 6, regulation 8A of Annex I, regulation 15 of Annex II, regulation 8 of Annex III and regulation 8 of Annex V; （4）

　STCW 78, article X and regulation 1/4; （5）

　TONNAGE 69, article 12. 14. Existing regional agreements on port State control 现有港口国监督区域协定 While national port State control alone will already enhance the safety of ships and

　the protection of the marine environment, only a regional approach will ensure that substandard ships and substandard operators have fewer places left to hide. Unless a regional approach is adopted, operators will just divert their ships to ports in the region where no or less stringent PSC inspections are conducted. This may seriously hamper the economical situation of the ports of those countries that do conduct proper inspections. To remedy this and to generally improve the effectiveness of inspections, many regions of the world have already or are beginning to enter into regional agreements on PSC. 虽然国家性的港口国监督已加强船舶的安全和环境保护，而惟有通过区域性的协作才能保证那些低于标准船舶和低于标准船舶经营者越来越无处藏身。如果不采用区域性协作的方式，那么经营者就会把他们的船舶转向没有实施 PSC 检查的地区或者 PSC 检查相对不严格的地区的港口。这将严重妨害那些实施适当 PSC 检查国家的港口经济形势。为弥补该缺陷并从总体上提高检查效率，世界上的许多地区都已经或者正开始达成区域性的港口国监督协定。

　At present there are eight regional PSC agreements in operation: 目前，有 8 个区域性的港口国监督协定正在运转：

　（1）

　the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Paris MOU) （2）

　the Acuerdo de vi na del Mar (Vi na del Mar or Latin-America Agreement): （3）

　the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region (Tokyo MOU): （4）

　the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Caribbean Region (Caribbean MOU): （5）

　the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Mediterranean Region (Mediterranean MOU): （6）

　the Indian Ocean Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Indian Ocean MOU): （7）

　the Memorandum of Understanding for the West and Central African Region (Abuja MOU): （8）

　the Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control in the Black Sea Region (Black Sea MOU). One further regional agreement is currently under development, it is for the Persian Gulf region. 15. PSC – the future The establishment of worldwide regional port state control is only a beginning 全球范围的区域性港口国监督的建立才刚刚开始。

　The prospect of global port state control, with exchange of information and harmonization of procedures and training, has even more exciting implications, As more and more statistics and data are gathered and exchanged by the different PSC Secretariats, this will result in a huge increase in knowledge about substandard shipping, This knowledge is not only useful in itself, it will also provide the maritime community with the opportunity to better analyze the causes of incidents and casualties and ascertain.,

　more accurately than ever before, how they can be prevented from occurring again. 随着信息的交换以及程序和培训的协调统一，全球性的港口国监督已初见端倪。随着各个港口国监督组织的秘书处越来越多地收集并交换统计数据和资料，这种认识不仅在本质上是有益的，而且它还可以为海运界提供一个更好地分析海上事故原因的方法，这样就可比以前更准确地防止此类事故的再度发生。

　第三章 港口国监督检查程序 Procedures for Port State Control are described in detail in IMO resolution A.882(21) and regional agreements, which are summarized in the following:

　港口国监督检查程序在 IMO 的 A.882(21)决议以及各区域协定里都有详细的阐述，现将其概述如下：

　16.Selection of ships to be inspected 选择受检查船舶 The Port State Control Officer (PSCO), before visiting the port, select a ship or ships to be inspected, taking into account the criteria for the selection of ship stipulated in the MOU. Ships such as tankers and bulk carriers, and ships with previous records of detention, etc. In doing so, PSCO search previous PSC data from regional or national data bank on ships the PSCO intends to visit. 船舶到达港口之前，检查官会根据备忘录里规定的选船标准选择受检查船舶。优先检查的船舶包括第一次挂靠该港口的船舶、油船和散货船等敏感型船舶、有滞留记录的船舶，等等。在选船的时候，检查官会从该国家或该区域的数据库中就以前的港口国监督数据对待检船舶进行调查。

　17. Initial inspection 初检 PSCO first checks the certificates and other documents carried on board to ascertain that they are valid and in order. He also check the general condition of the ship in order to satisfy himself that the ship complies with the provisions of the relevant instruments. If everything is in order, the inspection is completed and the ship is allowed to sail. 检查官首先检查船舶配备的证书及其他相关文件，以确人其有效性和正确性。同时，他们也检查船舶总体状况，确认该船舶是否符合相关条约的条款要求，以使自己满意。如果所有情况良好，检查即告结束，船舶被允许开航。

　18. Detailed inspection 详细检查 If, however, PSCO finds that the certificates are not in order, or, after general inspection, considers that there are clear grounds for believing that the ship does not substantially comply with the provisions of the relevant instruments, then he carries out detailed inspections. Resolution A.787 (19) defines the clear grounds and describe how to carry out detailed inspection. 然而，如果检查官发现证书不符合要求，或者，初次检查后有明显依据认为该船实质上并不符合相关公约条款的要求，检查官就会对该船实施详细检查。A.787(19)决议定义了明显依据并对如何实施详细检查进行了阐述。

　19.Detention 滞留 If PSCO, as a result of detailed inspections, has found deficiencies, he orders to rectify such deficiencies. If the deficiencies are very serious, the ship is detained and will not be allowed to sail until the deficiencies are rectified. In such cased, the flag State administration and classification society involved are notified. Resolution A. 787(19) provides for the definition of detainable deficiencies and procedures to be followed in the case of detention. 如果检查官在详细检查中发现有缺陷，通常会令船方纠正。如果发现的缺陷非常严重，船舶将

　会被滞留，直到缺陷被纠正才允许船舶开航。在这种情况下，检查官会通知船旗国主管机关及相应的船级社机构。A.787（19）决议提供了可滞留的定义以及滞留所应遵循的程序。

　If the deficiencies cannot be rectified at the port of inspection, PSCO may allow the ship to proceed to the nearest repair yard. Resolution A.787(19) and PSC Manual contain procedures to be followed in such case.如果缺陷不能在检查港纠正，检查官可允许船舶驶往最近的修船厂。

　 A.787（19）决议以及港口国监督手册中包含了该种情况发生时所应遵循的程序。

　20. Reporting 报告 After inspection, the ship is provided with Form A of the port State inspection, and in the case of deficiencies, Forms B as well. In the case of detention, Forms A and B are transmitted to the flag State. PSCO also send the results of inspection to regional database, such as SIRENAC in St. Malo, France, under the Paris MOU and APCIS in Vladivostok, the Russian Federation, under the Tokyo MOU. 检查完毕后，将会给船舶提供一份港口国监督检查的 A 表，当发现缺陷时还有 B 表。如果船舶被滞留，A 表和 B 表会被传送给船旗国。检查官也会把检查结果送往区域数据库中心，例如巴黎备忘录位于法国圣马洛的 SIRENAC、东京备忘录位于俄罗斯海参葳的 APCIS。

　21. Following-up action 后续行动 The port State regularly submit to IMO records for the detention of ships. IMO published the annual detention list. Flag States are obliged to submit to IMO reports on the action taken for detained ships. Many port States and the Paris and Tokyo MOUs publish detention list monthly in their Internet web sites.港口国定期把滞留船舶的记录呈送到国际海事组织（IMO）。然后，IMO 发布年度滞留单。船旗国必须把被滞留船舶所采取的措施上报 IMO。许多港口国、巴黎备忘录以及东京备忘录都在他们的国际互联网网址上每月发布船舶滞留单。

　第四章 港口国监督检查主要项目 一 证书和文件 22. Before and during inspection, what information should be collected? Name of ship

　 Flag of ship

　Type of ship

　 Call sign

　 IMO number

　gross tonnage

　deadweight

　year of build

　 classification society

　owner/operator

　 number of crew

　 nationality of crew

　 type of cargo

　next port of call

　 date of last PSC inspection

　place of last PSC inspection

　others 23. Related questions (1) What’s meaning of your ship’s name? (2) What’s call sign of your ship? (3) What’s your ship’s nationality? (4) What’s your IMO number of your ship? (5) Which classification society was your ship registered? (6) What type is your vessel? (7) Our vessel is a general cargo ship/ bulk carrier/ container ship/ LNG/LPG/timber ship/VLCC/ULCC (8) When was your ship built up? / when did your ship put into use? / when was your ship registered in CCS? (9) Our ship was built up on 1st

　January 1995. our ship came into service on

　2nd

　march 1996. our ship was registered on 3 rd

　may 1992. (10) when was last survey carried out? 24. About certificates (1) are all required certificates on board valid and respectively endorsed? (2) yes, they are all valid. (3) show me your certificate files of the ship, mr. captain. Lat me check international tonnage certificate, cargo ship safety construction certificate, cargo ship radio safety certificate, and so on.. (4) here you are, sir. All certificates are available and complete. (5) when operating beyond trade area. (6) according to the trade area restricted by your classification society, your ship can exclusively operate at east asia and south china sea. Now, our ship is berthing in our port where is located in the India ocean, obviously, your ship operates beyond the defined trade area. Detention is unavoidable. (7) I was ordered by cable to load at your port. The representative informed me that he extends the certificates on trade area from CCS. I don’t know whether you received any information or not. (8) so far as I know, your classification society did not inform our government. I serve my duty in compliance with the relevant codes stipulated by IMO, ILO and our local government. (9) I understand, can I communication with my boss and answer you back after a while? 25. certificate invalid 证书过期 PSCO: your ship’s certificates show that you didn’t do renewing work for certificates. All certificates have expired a few days before. Thus, your ship is unseaworthy. It follows therefore that she will be detained in our port. Captain: my ship navigated from san Francisco to Tokyo. Before departure, I phoned my company to inform that certificates for ships will be expired. The boss contacted with CCS representative in your port. He will arrange to extend our certificate for three months. I received a cable from my agent. It said the surveyor would come on board the day after tomorrow. I didn’t know port state inspection is earlier than the classification society inspection. 26. At the initial inspection the port state control officer (PSCO) will examine the certificates and documents of ships. So vessels shall carry the following certificates and documents as required: (1). All vessels shall carry the following certificates: International tonnage certificate (1969) International load line certificate (1966) International load line exemption certificate Stability information Minimum safe manning document International oil pollution prevention certificate (IOPP) Oil record book part I and part II

　Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan Garbage management plan Garbage record book Cargo securing manual Copy of document of compliance Safety management certificate (SMC) Medical certificates (see ILO convention NO.73) Documents related to ISM code The muster list, fire control plan Ships log book with respect to the records of tests and drills and the log for records of inspection and maintenance of life-saving appliances and arrangement Carts and navigational reference books Dangerous goods special list or manifest, or detailed stowage plan Certificates issued in accordance with STCW convention Certificates as to the ship’s hull strength and machinery installations issued by the classification society in question ( only to be required if the ship maintains its class with a classification society Survey report files (in case of bulk carriers or oil tankers) Mobile offshore drilling unit safety certificate Reports of previous port state control inspections (2). In addition to the certificates listed above, passenger vessels shall carry: Passenger ship safety certificate Damage control plan Exemption certificate Special trade passenger ship0s Special trade passenger ships space certificate Plan for co-operation with SAR services List of operational limitations Decision support system for masters Information on the A/Amax ratio (for ro-ro passenger ships) (3) In addition to the certificates listed in the section (1) above cargo vessels shall carry: Cargo ship safety construction certificate Cargo ship safety equipment certificate Cargo ship radio telegraphy certificate Cargo ship radio telephony certificate Cargo ship safety radio certificate Cargo ship safety certificate Exemption certificate and list of cargoes Document of compliance with the special requirements for ships Carrying dangerous goods Dangerous goods manifest or stowage plan Document of authorization for the carriage of grain Certificate of insurance or other financial security in respect of civil liability

　for oil pollution damage Enhance survey report file Record of oil discharge monitoring and control system for the last ballast voyage (for oil tanker) Bulk carrier booklet Loading/unloading plan (for bulk carriers) (4) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any ship carrying noxious liguid chemical substances in bulk shall carry: International pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxous liquid substances in bulk (NLS certificate) Cargo record book Procedures and arrangements manual (P & A MANUAL) Shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for noxious ligquid substances (5) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any chemical tanker shall carry: Certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemicals in bulk (as required by BCH Code) Or International certificate of fitness for the carriage of dangerous chemical in bulk (as reuired by IBC code) (6) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any gas carrier shall carry: Certificate of fitness for the carriage of liquefied gases in bulk ( as required by GC code) Or International certificate of fitness for carriage of liquefied gases in bulk (as required by IGC Code) (7) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where appropriate, any high-speed craft shall carry: High-speed craft safety certificate Permit to operate high-speed craft (8) In addition to the certificates listed in section (1) and (3) above, where applicable, any ship carrying INF cargo shall carry: International certificate of fitness for the carriage of INF cargo 二、检查项目 （一）

　Safety in general 27. Your entries in logbook are ambiguous/not clear. 28. What language do you use in your logbook? 29. The amended items are not signed. / There is no signature in the amended entries. 30. The logbook is not clean. 31. There is contradiction between deck logbook and engine logbook. 32. You should use symbols and marks rather than wordings. 33. The language in logbook is not standard English/written English/not understandable 34. Life drills and fire drills should be written in the ship’s logbook.

　35. Are certified copies of the statutory certificates posted? 36. Are u0p-to-date fire control plans been posted in accommodation alleyways, are clearly readable and show a sign of approval? Is one copy stored in a prominently marked and weather tight container outside the deckhouse? 37. Are SOLAS training manuals available, showing specific instructions for appliances onboard and are written in a language understood by all crewmembers? 38. Are instruction manuals for onboard maintenance of life-saving applicances availale and understood by all crewmembers? Is regular maintenance being recorded? 39. Are operating instructions for life-saving appliances posted on scene and under emergency illumination? Are they in a language understood by all crewmembers? 40. Have regular drills for fire fighting, abandon ship and rescue boat operation been carried out satisfactorily as required? Are they recorded in the logbook? 41. Is the actual crewcomposition in accordance with the requirements as per safe manning certificate? 42. Are the master, deck officers, engineer officers and ratings in possession of a respective certificate of competence? 43. Do certificates of the crew have endorsements by flag as appropriate? 44. Are crewmembers in possession of valid medical examination certificates as appropriate? 45. Have new crewmembers been made familiarized with their duties and the safety equipment onboard? 46. Working language inspection?

　(1) Captain, which language do you use on board the ship?

　(2) Chinese, and English ./ we use English/Chinese as working language

　(3) chief engineer, I am PSC officer from …… could you show me your engine logbook from voyage NO.3 TO NO.9 this year?

　(4) OK, Please wait a minute. 47. Is the steering gear control system operating properly, including all alarms? 48. Are officers knowledgeable in the emergency steering procedures? 49. Have required arrival and departure tests been carried out, i.e ,testing steering, general alarms, and whistle, etc? 50. Are electric outlets and fixtures in crew cabins in satisfactory condition in accordance with ILO requirements? 51. are there no persons (other than those who are sick) living in the hospital space? 52. Do doors to accommodation spaces close properly? 53. Are crew’s accommodations in satisfactory condition in accordance with ILO requirements? 54. Are WC’S in satisfactory condition, including plumbing, running water, sanitary conditions? 55. Are bugs and rodents properly dealt with? 56. Are crew’s provisions in satisfactory condition with no spoilage or unsanitary condition in stowage or galleys? 57. Are up-to-date muster lists written in a language understood by the crewmembers? Are duties about maintenance of safety equipment included? Are duties about carrying

　emergency radio equipment into the survival crafts included? Are they posted on the bridge, in engine control room accommodation spaces? 58. Are public alarm systems as for general alarm and engineer’s alarm of unmanned machinery system working properly? 59. Are all paint materials stored inside the designated paint locker only? 60. Are all escape ways accessible and free of obstructions and are they properly illuminated? 61. Are IMO symbols properly used for marking escape ways and locations of emergency equipment? (二) Navigation safety

　 航行安全 62. Where should the muster lists be exhibited on board? The muster lists should be exhibited in exhibited places throughout the ship, including the navigational bridge, the engine room and the crew accommodation spaces. 63. What are the requirements of the muster list?

　The followings are the requirements of the muster list: (1) The muster list shows the duties assigned to the different members of the crew; (2) The muster list specifies which officers are assigned to ensure that life-saving and fire appliances are maintained in good condition and are ready for immediate use; (3) The muster list specifies the substitutes for key persons who may become disabled, taking into account that different emergencies may call for different actions; (4) The

　muster list shows the duties assigned to crewmembers in relation to passengers in case of emergency; (5) The format of the muster list used on passenger ships is approved. 64. Usually the PSCO how to determine whether the muster list is up to date? To determine whether the muster list is up to date, usually the PSCO can require an up-to-date crew list, if available, to verify this. Other possible means, e.g. safe manning document, may be used for this purpose. 65. Communication The PSCO may determine if the key crewmembers are able to communicate with each other, and with passengers as appropriate, in such a way that the safe operation of the ship is not impaired, especially in emergency situations. The PSCO may ask the master which languages are used as the working languages. The PSCO may ensure that the key crewmembers are able to understand each other during the inspection or drills. The crewmembers assigned to assist passengers should be able to give the necessary information to the passengers in case of an emergency. 66. What should officers in charge of a navigational watch be familiar with? Officer in charge of a navigational watch should be familiar with bridge control and navigational equipment, changing the steering mode from automatic to manual and vice versa, and the ship’s manoeuvring

　characteristics. The officer in charge of a navigational watch should have knowledge of the location and operation of all safety and navigational equipment.

　Moreover, this officer should be familiar with procedures which apply to the navigation of the ship in all circumstances and should be aware of all information available. 67. What should be the familiarity of the officers? The officers should be familiar with all the information available to them such as manoeuvring characteristics of the ship, life-saving signals, up-to-date nautical publications, checklists concerning bridge procedures, instructions, manuals, etc. the officers should all be familiar with procedures such as periodical tests and cheks of equipment, preparations for arrival and departure,change over of steering modes, signaling, communications, manoeuvring emergencies and log book entries. 68. What do clear grounds to conduct a more detailed inspection include? Clear grounds to conduct a more detailed inspection include: (1) the absence of principal equipment or arrangements required by the conventions; (2) evidence from a review of the ship’s certificates that a certificate or certificates are clearly invalid; (3) evidence that the ship’s logs, manuals or other required documentation are not on board, are not maintained, or are falsely maintained; (4) evidence from the PSCO’s general impressions and observations that serious hull or structural deterioration or deficiencies exist that may place at risk the structural, watertight integrity of the ship; (5) evidence from the PSCO’s general impressions or observations that serious deficiencies exist in the safety, pollution prevention, or navigational equipment; (6) information or evidence that the master or crew is not familiar with essential shipboard operations relating to the safety of ships or the prevention of pollution, or that such operations have not been carried out, (7) indications that key crewmembers may not be able to communicate with each other or with other persons on board; (8) absence of an up-to-date muster list, fire control plan, and for passenger ships, a damage control plan (9) the emission of false distress alerts not followed by proper cancellation procedures; (10)

　receipt of a report or complaint containing information that a ship appears to be substandard. 69. As far as GMDSS is concerned, what may be checked by the PSCO p0rior to visiting the ship? As far as GMDSS is concerned, the PSCO may check if it has a history of poor communication or false distress alerts not followed up by proper cancellation procedures. 70. What are the important functions of the GMDSS certificate?

　The important functions of the GMDSS certificates are that the certificate should certify the vessel is GMDSS compliant and specify the sea areas for which the ship equipped to operate. 71. What are the qualifications of the crew to GMDSS?

　 The qualifications of the crew to GMDSS are that the vessel should carry on board

　sufficient number of qualified operators in accordance with the ship’s radio certification and minimum safe manning certificate. 72. About the GMDSS equipment provided on board, what may be checked by the PSCO? About the GMDSS equipment provided on board, the PSCO may check if the GMDSS equipment is in accordance with that shown on the ship’s radio certification and if the correct callsign, ship station identify and other codes are marked as applicable on the respective equipment. 73. What can a good indication of the satisfactory operation of the equipment be obtained by checking? A good indication of the satisfactory operation of the equipment be obtained by checking transmission records and details, such as copies of MSI and radio messages sent and received during the previous boyage. 74. Which vessels have to comply with the GMDSS? All ships subject to SOLAS Chapter IV have to fit GMDSS equipment generally, all passenger vessels and all cargo ships over 300 gross tonnages on international voyages. 75. Are Load Line marks on side of vessel readily visible and do they conform to Load line certificate? 76. Are scupper drains free of obstructions? 77. Is stability information available and in a language understandable to the crew? 78. Is hull free of any damage? 79. Are closing appliance in satisfactory? 80. Are bulwarks, handrails, cat walks, without signs of damage and excessive wastage? 81. Are hatch cover arrangements including gaskets and all closing appliances watertight and in good condition without signs of excessive wastage? 82. Are ventilators and air pipes including any closing appliances properly working without signs of d...