上海高中辅导班高三英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧

上海高中英语语法填空专练练及解题技巧 解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是：  一、 浏览全文 把握语篇      浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。  二、边读边填 先易后难      在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。   三、验证复查 清除难点      有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。      另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。  技巧指导 语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧  此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school.  由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren＇s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。

例2：Atalk＿＿(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.  句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；
且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。  例3：The king decided to see the painter by＿＿(he).  由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

例4：I am＿＿(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.  此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。

例To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall  take a＿＿(three). 从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very＿＿(happiness).  在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy；
钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧 此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying＿＿,dirty but happy.  从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

例8：His boss was＿＿angry as to fire him.  如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to，所以，so是正解。

技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

 例9：He did not do＿＿his father had asked him to do.  审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。

例10: Those＿＿want to go to the village must sign here.  经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。

技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。  例11：The US consists＿＿fifty states.  根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是of。

例12：Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take＿＿of her.  生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to等。

例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London＿＿of taking a train.  此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

 例14：Just then, he saw a blackboard in＿＿of him.  细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，此题得解。

技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等， 常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。

例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, ＿＿his family was too poor.  此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。  例16：＿＿Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.  横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and，故答案为Both。

技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；
常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；
副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词（见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况）。

例17：Jackie likes to drive at＿＿high speed.  这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

例18：Old Tom＇s grand-danghter used to visit him＿＿Saturday afternoon.  Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。

例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work＿＿Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay＿＿Zhang  第一条横线可由前面的the sanle判断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为than。

例20：It was only one day left,＿＿,his father had no idea to answer him.  观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。

技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；
关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；
如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

例21：Tony＿＿travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.  由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。

上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。希望能帮到你。

一、 语法填空专练  （一）
    阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。（共10小题；
每小题2分，满分20分）  （1）
Using Garbage as a Fuel  Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.  Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year. The ____6____ of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!  But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns _____7___(easy), such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. Another problem is that burning garbage can _____8____ the air.   Our fossil fuel supplies are ____9____. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage ___10____(pile) up on the earth.       （2 ）
 The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __1____(influence) book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her __2____, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience__3____ her long and hard learning period.   I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships __4____(bravety). Maybe you are born under an ill star yet you can stand a better chance __5____ others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage__6____ courage is needed. Second, the impairment of part of her senses did not stop__7____ learning: on the contrary, she had made continual __8____ to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. __9____, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we __10____(lose) them soon because this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.  （3）
(1) The villagers all look forward to ________ (benefit)from the railway to be built in their village. (2) It just rains ___________ ( slight ) . It doesn’t matter whether you bring your umbrella or not. (3) _________ amazed me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. (4) The train runs ________ the forests and _________the mountains. （4）
Most scientists think the universe began with a “Big Bang” 1 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, the dust settled into 2 solid globe, 3 exploded with fire and rock and formed the earth’atmosphere. As the water appeared on the earth, the 4 ( harm )gases and acids was dissolved into the oceans and seas, which made it possible for life 5 (develop) on the earth. Many millions of years 6 , the first planets appearedon the water and they produced oxygen. Thanks to the oxygen,all kinds of life 7 ( appear ) on the earth. Until 2.6 million years ago, the human being’sancestors began to develop all over the earth one after another. But their 8 ( activity) produced too much dioxide into the air, 9 ( cause )global warming problem. So the earth will be 10 danger. 三、语法填空专练 （二）
(1) In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight＇s Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don＇t I?” (3) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting. (5) ____1____ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2_____ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ____4____ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist _____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ____7____ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said ____9_____, but then she ran to her mother and said ____10_____ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you don’t let me?” (6) Most Americans don’t like to get advice ____1___ members of their family. They get advice from “_____2___ (strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. _____3___ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _____4___ give advice on many different subjects ______5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ____6___ even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers _____7____ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _____8____ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ____9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special ____10___ (train) for this kind of work. (7) Without proper planning, tourism can cause______1____. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _____2_____ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民) of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become _____3_____ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists _____4____ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ______5_____ is important to think about the people of a destination country and _____6______ tourism affects them. Tourism should help _____7_____ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and _____8_____ (happy) of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism ______9_____ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work _____10_____ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer. (8) London was awarded _____1____ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, ______2_____ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital ______3____ the first time since 1948. _____4____ Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds London beat Paris 54—50 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC. In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _____5____ watched the announcement from Singapore _____6_____ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area _____7____ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be based. Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说) in Singapore ____8____ leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very ______9___ (good) partners,” Blair said. It’s the fourth bid (申办) from Britain after _____10____ (fail) attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000. (9) Why is setting goals so ______1_____? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything ____2_____ you want in life. Instead _____3____ just letting life happen to you, goals allow ______4_____ to make your life happen. _____5_____ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s _____6____ having a map to show you _____7____ you want to go. Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and _____8___ (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and _____9_____aren’t difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are ____10____one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life. (10) We often think of future. We often wonder ____1_the world will be like a hundred years’ time. Think of ____2___ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _____3___ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _____4___. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _____5___ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting _____6____ planets. Great progress will have been made _____7___ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. _____8_____ the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, _____9____ floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities ____10____ the sea. 参考答案 语法填空专练（一）
（1）
1.like  2. but  3. an   4. have been burning  5. that  6. amount   7. easily     8. pollute  9. limited  10. piling             垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。  燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。  我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。  （2）
1.influential, 2.childhood, 3.in, 4.bravely, 5.than, 6.when,   7. her , 8.efforts, 9.Third, 10.would lose  【译文】对我一生最有影响的书   海伦写的《我的生活故事》是对我一生影响最大的一本书。此书全篇充满了勇气，奋斗和信仰。海伦 凯勒童年时曾经一度十分消沉，但是最后她决定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快乐地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫长而艰难的学习过程。   最重要的是，从她的经历中，我领悟到了三个道理。首先，她教给我成功之路上经常要勇敢地面对艰难困苦。或许你一生下来身体就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比别人更好的机会。因此重要的是当需要勇气的时候，你必须鼓起自己的勇气。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并没有阻止她的学习，相反地，她不断地努力去钻研知识，坚韧不拔的精神帮助她克服了很多障碍。第三，她建议我们应该很好地利用我们的感官，就好像我们马上就要失去他们一样，因为这样我们就会比以前更仔细地观察这个世界。   （3）
( Key: benefiting; slightly; What; through, over ) 其中(1)是关于look forward to doing 这个搭配; (2)考查的是形容词加-ly 变成副词的构词法; (3)则涉及重点语法内容——名词性从句的引导词; (4)是复习两个重要的介词。这样, 既可以复习已学的语法知识, 又可以提高学生的解题技巧和能力。

（4）
1. Between 2. a 3. which 4. harmful 5. to develop 6. later 7. appeared 8. activities 9. causing 10. in 语法填空专练（2）参考答案 (1) 1 reported 2 richest/wealthiest 3 by 4 when 5 by 6 However 7 younger 8 Both 9 acting 10 the (2) 1 had been stolen 2 at 3 back 4 amazement 5 and 6 hospital 7for 8 the 9 that 10 another (3) 1 living 2 languages 3 or 4 all 5 Before 6 bigger 7 written 8 a 9 up 10 most (4) 1 because 2 and 3 work 4 dangerous 5 too 6 Have 7 the 8 with 9 second 10 there (5) 1 An 2 without 3 wife 4 when/while 5 too 6 was painting 7 after 8 Both 9 nothing 10 angrily (6) 1 from 2 strangers 3 Instead 4 that/which 5 including 6 and 7 regularly 8 answers 9 others 10 training (7) 1 problems 2 that/which 3 annoyed 4 and 5 It 6 how 7 a 8 happiness 9 grows 10 in (8) 1 the 2 defeating 3 for 4 After 5 they 6 on 7 where 8 before 9 best 10 failed (9) 1 important 2 that 3 of 4 yourself 5 Successful 6 like 7 where 8 setting 9 they 10 the (10) 1 what 2 / 3 will have been set up 4 tourists/visitors/travelers 5 permitting 6 other 7 in 8 All 9 so/thus/therefore 10 under