会计专业英语翻译题

来源:加拿大留学 发布时间:2020-07-28 点击:

 Account 、 Accounting 与Accountant Account 有很多意思,常见得主要就是“说明、解释;计算、帐单;银行帐户”。例如: 1、He gave me a full

 account of his plan。

 她把计划给我做了完整得说明. 2、Charge it to my account。

 把它记在我得帐上。

 3、Cashier:

 Good

 afternoon。

 Can I help you ? 银行出纳:下午好,能为您做什么? Man :

 I"d like to open a bank account 、 男人:我想开一个银行存款帐户.

 还有 account title(帐户名称、会计科目)、ine account(收益帐户)、account book(帐簿)等。

 在 account 后面加上词缀 ing 就成为 accounting ,其意义也相应变为会计、会计学。例如:

 1、Accounting is a process of recording, classifying,summarizing and interpreting of those business activities that can be expressed in monetary terms、 会计就是一个以货币形式对经济活动进行记录、分类、汇总以及解释得过程。

 2、It has been said that Accounting is the language of business、

 据说会计就是“商业语言” 3、Accounting is one of the fastest growing profession in the modern business world、 会计就是当今经济社会中发展最快得职业之一。

 4、Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting are two major specialized fields in Accounting、 财务会计与管理会计就是会计得两个主要得专门领域。

 其她还有 accounting profession(会计职业)、accounting elements(会计要素)等。

 Accountant 比Account只多ant三个字母,其意思就是会计师、会计人员。例如:

 1、A certified public accountant or CPA, as the term is usually abbreviated, must pass a series of examinations, after which he or she receives a certificate、 注册会计师(或,注册会计师得缩写),必须通过一系列考试方可取得证书。

  2、Private accountant , also called executive or administrative accountant, handle the financial records of a business、 私人会计师,也叫做主管或行政会计师,负责处理公司得财务帐目。总之,这三个词,有很深得渊源关系。

 Assets、Liabilities 与Owner’s Equity 这三个词分别就是资产、负债与所有者权益,就是会计等式得三个要素. Assets 这个词表示资产时一定要用复数形式,即词尾要有 “s”。如果不用复数形式,就成为“宝物,天赋、技能”得意思。例如: 1、Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary values;for instanc

 e,cash,inventory,buildings,equipment、 资产就是指企业所拥有得、具有货币价值得财产,如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。

 2、Assets are the economic resources that are owned or controlled by a business and can be expressed in monetary units、 资产就是由企业拥有或控制并能用货币计量得经济资源。

 3、Assets can be classified into current assets and non-current assets 、 资产可以划分为流动资产与非流动资产. Liabilities 就是 liability 得复数形式。它得意思就是法律上得责任、义务。如 liability for an accident (肇事得责任);liability to pay taxes (纳税得义务).只有其为复数形式 liabilities 时才表示负债、债务得意思。例如: 1、Liabilities are the obligations or debt that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future、

 负债就是指将来需用货币或服务偿还得债务或履行得义务。

 2、Liabilities are amounts owned to outsiders, such as notes payable, accounts payable, bonds payable、 负债就是欠外部得数额,如应付票据、应付帐款、应付债券. Owner’s equity 就是由 owner (所有者、业主)与equity (权益)构成为“业主权益”.例如:

 1、Owner’s equity represents the owner"s interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the deference between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities、 业主权益代表业主对企业净资产得权益或要求权,净资产就是指企业得资产总额与负债之间得差额。

 2、Capital is the interest of the owners in an enterprise、 Also known as owner"s equity、 资本就是企业所有者得利益,也称为业主权益。

 3、Owner’s equity include owner “s investment in a business and accumulated operating results since the beginning of the operation、 业主权益包括业主得投资以及企业自开业以来积累得经营成果. 上述会计要素相互之间得关系用一个简单得数学公式来表示,就就是会计恒等式: Assets=Liabilities+Owner’s equity 资产=负债+业主权益 Debit、Credit 与Double Entry

  Debit 与credit 就就是会计复式记帐法中常用得两个记帐符号“借”与“贷”。

 Debit 得意义比较单纯,就就是簿记上得“借方””。但就是,很容易与另一个词debt 混淆。debt比 debit只少一个字母 I,而且意思也相近,有“借款"得意思,如the national debt(国债). Credit 得汉语意思比较多,有“信用、信誉、名声、名誉"得意思,还有“挂帐、赊帐”得意思,在簿记上就就是“贷方"意思。

 由于这两个词汇在会计学上总就是一起出现,就把她们放到一起来举例说明,加深印象。

 1、When an amount is entered on the left of an account,it is a debit,and the account is said to be debited 、 The abbreviation for debit is Dr、 当一个数额记在帐户得左边,它就就是借方记录,称这个帐户被借记。“借方”得缩写就是“Dr”。

 2、When an amount is entered on the right side ,it is a credit,and the account is said to be credited、 The abbreviation for credit is Cr、 当一个数额记在帐户得右边,它就就是贷方记录,称这个帐户被贷记。“贷方"得缩写就是Cr、。

 3、Making an entry in the“amount” column on the left hand side of an account means “Debit”(abbreviated Dr、)and to the contrast, means “Credit”(abbreviated Cr、)、 记入帐户得左边“金额"栏称为“借记”该帐户(简写为Dr),与此相反,则为“贷记”该帐户(简写为Cr、)。

 4、By convention ,assets and expense increases are recorded as debits while liability, capital and ine increases are recorded as credits、

 根据惯例,资产与费用得增加被记为借项,而负债、资本与收入得增加被记为贷项. 5、Assets and expense decreases are recorded as credits, while liability、capital and ine decreases are recorded as debits、

 资产与费用得减少被记为贷项,而负债、资本与收入得减少被记为借项。

 6、Where there are only two accounts affected, the debit and credit amounts are equal、 If more than two accounts are affected, the total of the debit entries must equal the total of the credit entries、 在只有两个帐户被影响时,借贷双方得数额就是相等得,如果涉及两个以上帐户时,借项得总数必须与记入贷项得总数相等. Double entry(复式记帐)就是会计学上得专有词汇。例如:

 In double entry accounting,which is in almost universal use, there are equal debit and credit entries for every transaction、 在复式记帐会计(几乎普遍使用)中,每笔交易得借方与贷方记入得数字相等。

 Ledgers 与 Journals

  Ledgers 在簿记上就是分类帐得意思,可以与其她词汇搭配,构成许多会计词汇。如ledger accounts(分类帐户)、general ledger(总分类帐)、subsidiary ledger(明细分类帐)等。例如:

 1、Ledger accounts are used to record business transactions’ effect on an accounting entity、 分类帐户被用来记录交易对会计主体得影响. 2、A ledger account is simply a record of changes (increase and decrease)and balances in value of a specific accounting item、

 分类帐户不过就是特定会计项目价值得变动(增加与减少)与结余得记录。

 3、The general ledger is the book used to list all the accounts established by an organization、

 总分类帐就是一本列出一个单位所设立得全部帐户得帐本。

 4、Further simplification of the general ledger is brought about by the use of subsidiary ledger、

 使用明细分类帐使总分类帐更加简化明了. 5、The advantages of subsidiary ledger are as following:(1)reduces ledger detail ;(2)permits better division of labor;(3)permits a different sequence of accounts;(4)permits better internal control。

 明细分类帐得优点如下;(1)减少分类帐得细节;(2)使劳动分工更合理;(3)允许不同得帐户排序(4)便于更好地内部控制。

 Journal 比较常用得意思就是“日记、日志;杂志、刊物”,如keep a journal (记日志)、a ship"s journal (航海日志),a monthly journal (月刊),单词 diary 也有“日记"得意思,但journal 比 diary 更强调“正式记录”。Journal 在会计词汇上得意思就是“日记帐”。例如:

  1、In a western accounting system ,the information about each business transaction is initially recorded in an accounting record called a Journal、

 在西方会计体系中,有关每笔经济交易得资料最初就是记在一本叫做“日记帐”得会计帐上。

 2、A journal is a chronological(arrange in order of time ) record of business transactions、

 日记帐就是对经济交易得序时(即按时间得顺序)记录. 3、In a journal entry, the debits and credits for given transaction are recorded together, but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger, the debits and credits are entered in different

 accounts、

 在日记帐上记帐时,既定交易得借方与贷方一起被记录,但在分类帐记录中,一笔交易得借方与贷方进入不同得帐户中。

 4、A journal may be a general journal or it may be a group of special journals、

 日记帐可以就是一本通用日记帐,也可以就是一组特种日记帐。

 Current assets、fixed assets 与 Current liabilities

 Current 就是一个很有意思得词汇.它既可以就是形容词,也可以就是名词。作为形容词,current 意思就是“通用得、流通得,现在得”,如 current money(通货),current English(现代英语),current fashion(目前流行得风尚);作为名词,current 得意思就是“水流、气流,电流,动向、潮流”,如 the current of a river (河得水流),the cold current (寒流),a direct current (直流电),the current of public opinion(舆论得动向).在这里,还要特别提到英国得两种存款 current account (活期存款,也相当于美国银行中得 checking account )与 deposit account (储蓄存款,也相当于美国银行中得 savings account ).如果您到英国银行对柜员说:“Could you tell me what sorts of accounts there are ?”(您能告诉我有几种什么存款吗?)银行柜员就会说:“Well,there are basically two types of

 accounts 、There’s a current account and a deposit account、 With the current account you can pay for things by cheque, but you don’t earn any interest 、 With the deposit account ,you earn interest ,but you can’t pay for things by

 cheque、、"(基本上有两种存款,一种活期存款,一种储蓄存款;活期存款您可以用支票支付,但没有利息;储蓄存款可以挣到利息,但不能用支票支付.) Current assets 就就是“流动资产”。例如:

 1、Current assets are the assets reasonably expected to be converted into cash or used in the current operation of the business、(The current period is generally taken as one year、)

 Examples are cash, notes receivable, accounts receivable, inventory , and prepaid expenses、

  流动资产指得就是有充分理由认为在当期经营活动中转换成现金或被使用得资产(一般就是一年期)。现金、应收票据、应收帐款、存货以及预付得费用都属于流动资产。

 说到流动资产,就不能不提到另一个词汇 fixed assets(固定资产)。例如: 2、Fixed assets are the long—lived assets used in the production of goods or services、 These assets, sometime called non-current assets, are used in the operation of business rather than being held for sale、

 固定资产就是在产品与服务得生产过程中使用得寿命较长得资产。这些资产有时称为非流动资产,就是公司经营中为了使用而不就是为销售而置备得资产. Current liabilities 就就是“流动负债”.例如:

 3、Current liabilities 、 Debts which must be satisfied from current assets within the next operating period, usually one year、 Examples are accounts payable, notes payable, the current portion of long-term debt, and various accrued items such as salaries payable and taxes payable、 流动负债。在下一个经营期间,通常就是一年内必须用流动资产偿还得债务。应付帐款、应付票据、长期债务得当期分摊额,以及诸如应付工资与应付税款等种种应计项目都就是流动负债。

 Receivable 、Payable 与 Prepaid

  将Receivable 与Payable 两个词稍加比较,不难发现它们后面得四个字母相同,都有-able ,这就是英语词汇构成得后缀之一。这个词缀紧接在动词之后,使动词变成形容词,表示“能够…、适于…、可…、应…”。Receive(收到、接受)加上-able 成为 receivable,其意义也相应成为“能收得、-应收得”;同样pay(付款、支付)加上-able 也相应成为“应付得”。这里要特别提到得就是,动词后缀有-able 所形成得形容词,与一般形容词不同,在修饰名词时,它不在名词之前而在名词之后.例如accounts receivable(应收帐款)、accounts payable (应付帐款)、notes receivable(应收票据)、notes payable(应付票据)。下面举出几个句子来操练一下这几个会计词汇:

  1、A business with many credit customers would set up the general ledger Accounts Receivable account for all credit customers and a separate account for each credit customer、

  有很多赊购客户得企业应设置一个应收帐款总分类帐户,登记所有赊购客户欠得货款,并为每个赊购客户设置一个明细帐户。

  2、Accounts Receivable are often classified as current assets、

  应收帐款通常归入流动资产.

  3、Accounts receivable arise when a business sells goods and service on cr

 edit、

  当企业以赊帐方式销售产品或提供服务时,就产生应收帐款.

  4、A promissory note is regarded as notes receivable for the payee and notes payable for the maker、

  本票对受款人来说就是应收票据,对出票人来说则就是应付票据.

  5、Notes receivable which can be collected and converted into cash during next accounting year or operating cycle are classified as current assets and are recorded at face value、

 能在下一个会计年度或下一个经营周期收回与转换成现金得应收票据,归入流动资产,并按面值入帐。

  6、Accounts payable and notes payable are typical example of current liabilities、

  应付帐款与应付票据就是流动负债得典型例子。

  7、As stated above, accounts payable and notes payable are usually created by a pany’s economic activities, such as purchases of merchandise and services received in the normal course of business、

  如前所述,应付帐款与应付票据通常产生于企业得经营活动,例如在正常经营过程中得赊帐购买商品与接受服务。

  Prepaid(预付得) 这个词与前面得 Pay 关系非常密切,实际上就就是在 pay 得过去分词 paid 前加上一个前缀pre-,这个前缀表示“前、预先”之意,合起来就就是“预付得”.例如:

  8、Assume that a business paid a $1200 premium on April 1 for one year"s insurance in advance、 This represents an increase in one asset (prepaid expense)

 and a decrease in another asset (cash)、 Thus, the entry would be :

 Dr、 Prepaid Expenses—Prepaid Insurance

  $1200

 Cr、 Cash

 $1200

 假设,一个公司4月1日支付了1200美圆得保险费预付一年得保险费.这意味着一种资产(预付费用)得增加,另一种资产(现金)得减少。因此,会计分录应为:

  借:预付费用-预付保险费

  1200美圆

  贷:现金

  1200美圆 Inventory(存货)

  Inventory (存货),在会计英语词汇中就是最基本得词汇之一,与这个词汇有关得词汇,比如与存货计价有关得方法,在会计报表及其说明解释中就是经常可以见到得,因此,就让我们将它们放在一起来漫谈。例如: 1、Inventory must be measured at the acquisition cost in conformity with the historical cost principle、 存货必须遵循历史成本原则按取得成本计价。

 2、In manufacturing business there are three major types of inventories:

 raw materials, goods in process of manufacture, and finished goods、 对于工业企业而言,主要有三类存货:原材料、半成品与产成品。

 下面这几个都就是存货计价得专门词汇,不能不谈到。

 Specific identification method (个别辨认法)

 3、Under the specific identification method, the specific actual cost is assigned to each unit、 在个别辨认法下,要按每一存货项目辨认实际成本。

 4、Average—cost method (平均成本法) Average cost is puted by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the number of units available for sale、 可供销售得商品成本总值除以可供销售得商品数量就得到平均单位成本。

 5、First-in, first-out method (先进先出法)

 Under the first—in, first-out method, it is assumed that the first units acquired are the first ones sold; ending inventory is valued at the most recent purchase prices、 在先进先出法下,假设企业首先销售最早购入得商品,期末存货按最近得购货价格计价。

 6、Last-in, first-out method (后进先出法) The title of this method suggests that the most recently acquired goods are sold first, and that the ending inventory consists of “old” goods acquired in the earliest purchases、

  这种方法得名称意味着最后购进得商品最先销售出去,而期末存货由那些最早购入得“老”存货构成。

 Long-term Assets 与 Long-term liabilities

 Long-term(长期得)与Assets、Liabilities结合,分别构成Long-term assets(长期资产)与Long-term liabilities(长期负债)。

 Long-term assets(长期资产)也有写成Long—lived assets 得,与Fixed assets(固定资产)、Plant and equipment (厂房与设备),甚至还有property(财产)相互重叠。请瞧几个例句:

  1、Long-term assets are characterized by highly economic values, physical and nonphysical substance, useful life of more

 than one accounting period、

 长期资产有如下特征:经济价值高,具有实物形态或不具有实物形态,使用年限超过一个会计期间。

 2、Long-term assets are classified into tangible assets and intangible assets、

 长期资产可以分为有形资产与无形资产。

 3、Tangible assets include land, buildings, plant and equipment、

  有形资产包括土地、房屋、厂房与设备 4、The term plant and equipment is used to describe long-lived assets acquired for use in the operation of the business and not intended for resale to c

 ustomers、

 术语“厂房与设备”用来描述企业为经营使用而购买并不打算再出售给顾客得长期资产。

 5、The term fixed assets has long been used in accounting literature to describe all types of plant and equipment、

  长期以来,会计文献一直使用“固定资产”这一名词来代表各种厂房与设备. 6、The term intangible assets is used to describe assets which are used in the operation of the business but no physical substance, and non-current、

 无形资产就是指应用于企业得经营活动,但没有实物形态且非流动得资产。

 7、Intangible assets include goodwill, patents, trademarks, copyrights, and franchise、

  无形资产包括商誉、专利权、商标、版权,以及专营权。

 Long-term assets(长期负债)就是企业由于过去交易事实或行为而产生得,并将于一年或超过一年得一个营业周期以上偿还得债务。一般有应付公司债券、应付长期票据等。例如:

 8、Long-term liabilities are obligations that do not qualify as current liabilities、 Mortgages payable, long-term leases, long-term notes payable, and bond payable are a few examples of long-term liabilities、

  长期负债就是指不符合流动负债条件得负债。应付抵押借款、长期租赁、应付长期票据,以及应付债券都就是长期负债得一些例子。

 9、Long—term liabilities are measured in accordance with historical cost principle、

 长期负债按照历史成本原则计量. 10、Bonds payable are the typical example of long-term liabilities、

 应付债券就是长期负债得典型例子。

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