柏拉图个人正义与国家正义

　 (论文里面有些引用的话，麻烦帮我备注一下出自哪本书哦~)目录一、柏拉图的正义观1（一）正义观的产生背景1（二）个人正义和国家正义11、国家正义12、个人正义1（三）个人与国家正义的统一4二、正义国家的实现5 （一）正义国家实现的意义 （二）统治者的资质和角色三、对于柏拉图正义的思考6（一）柏拉图正义的历史意义61、影响个人价值观的形成62、正义观的第一次系统阐述63、要正确看待柏拉图理想国的正面影响74、开创制度正义之研究75、影响到后世的空想社会主义8（二）、柏拉图正义理论对当代中国的启示11、柏拉图正义理论和马克思正义观的异同12、柏拉图正义理论对构建和谐社会的理论指导意义13、柏拉图正义理论对中国发展的启示9四、结语1柏拉图的正义观（一）正义观的产生背景在雅典城邦中柏拉图出生于一个比较富足的贵族家庭。起初柏拉图可以选择从政这条家族传统之路，但是当时雅典情况太不乐观，四面楚歌危机重重。雅典民主制在斯巴达战争中处于失利地位，而且几乎每次战争都会产生另外一种制度。整个希腊城邦制度的衰落加之其师苏格拉底的死，柏拉图彻底失望于现存的政体。频繁的动乱战争、严重被破坏的社会生产力以及接近解体和崩溃的传统道德和法典，柏拉图认为过分的民主制度是造成现状的根本原因，认为民主政治的弊端显露无疑，并提出正义之举。他四处游走求学，将其认为较为美好的正义之邦绘画在《理想国》之内，并有着建立起一个理想的城邦的强烈想法。在其伟大的著作中，柏拉图提出要利用“哲学王统治”建立一种不同于现状的、理想状态的政治制度。根据上述内容可以得出，柏拉图的贵族身份以及从小对政治方面的关心和师承苏格拉底的独特见解，使其对民主制有着个人的看法，而其之后的经历更加深了其对希腊雅典的思考。为了改变国家的悲剧命运，柏拉图提出理想对策，即建立正义国家。个人正义和国家正义组成柏拉图的正义观。国家正义是统治者，辅助者和生产者三个等级的人们各安其位。个人正义则是理性、激情和欲望三个要素的各尽其责。（二）个人正义和国家正义个人正义柏拉图采取“由大到小”方式，在得出国家正义即城邦正义之后再探讨个人正义方面。“我们以什么根据承认国家是正义的, 我们也将以同样的根据承认个人是正义的。”通过对国家正义的探讨，柏拉图认为人的灵魂的理性、激情和欲望三个部分由智慧、勇敢和节制一一对应。“一个是人们用以思考推理的, 可以称之为灵魂的理性部分。”柏拉图认为一个有作为的人应该将理性放在第一位。理性在个人的精神世界中起的是领导的重要作用。理性即是爱智慧，智慧是由理性创造出的，为统治者所拥有用于统治城邦。激情区别于理性，激情辅助理性为护卫者所突出拥有。勇敢是由激情所引出的，辅助者带着激情将很好地辅佐和帮助统治者。激情又与理性相关联，当一个人的激情被很好地利用时，激情与理性会很好的配合，与欲望相排斥；相反，当一个人的激情不能够被良好训练的时候，激情会产生相反的影响，和欲望一起与理性相排斥。个人正义中欲望受到理性和激情共同控制和节制的作用。“另一个是人们用以感受爱、饿、渴等等物欲之骚动的, 可以称之为心灵的无理性部分或欲望部分。”欲望是属于第三阶层劳动者的，在普通被统治者之间最为突显。个人主义的三个要素，即理性、激情和节制，起着各自不同的不容忽视的作用。同于国家正义，个人正义中的各个要素不相互影响，各在其位协调互动，同样体现出分工原则。

　2、国家正义 大写的国家正义，即城邦正义是柏拉图最先探讨的方向。他说“国家不是来自一棵橡树或一块岩石，而源于生活在其中的人们的特性。”柏拉图认为探讨人们所在国家成功后才能更好地研究人的特性。

　柏拉图建立理想城邦的最基本的便是先要建造一个城邦。如文中记载，“在我看来之所以要建立一个城邦, 是因为我们每个人都不能单靠自己达到自足, 我们需要许多东西。” “因此我们每个人为了各种需要, 招来各种各样的人, 由于需要许多东西, 我们邀集许多人住在一起, 作为伙伴和助手, 这个公共住宅区, 我们叫它作城邦。”为了达到安然、平稳、井然有序的城邦状态，柏拉图立定总的原则即正义。确定原则后柏拉图着手于城邦社会和城邦人们二者的关系开始探讨正义。从社会组织结构方面出发分为三个阶层：统治者、护卫者和劳动者。从人们的心灵结构方面体现是四个德性：智慧、勇敢、节制和正义。三个阶层等级不同且分配的工作亦不同。统治者作为第一阶层，他们应该拥有足够强大的能力和不同于普通人的才能，即“哲学王”；他们应该公私分明不图私利地管理和统治好国家，为城邦人们的利益努力付出；他们应该与广大人民深入接触，倾听人们的心声了解人们的疾苦，做出相应的对策，让人们过上幸福的生活。第二阶层是护卫者，即辅助者、武士等。他们应该拥有勇敢等良好的品质和应对紧张局面的技能，为国家的发展出谋划策，为保护国家以及人民参与战争等。第三阶层是劳动者，组成部分为农夫、商人和工匠等。虽然他们等级较低但是作用重大，他们应当拥有节制等品质，也应当老实本分不触及法规从事自己的工作，为国家的发展贡献自己的一份力。三个阶层应该各司其职，做好属于各自阶层的各个方面的工作，最终各得其所。四个德性不可或缺。第一个美德是智慧。“我们国家中清清楚楚看到的第一件东西便是智慧, 而这个东西显得有点奇特之处。”智慧不是哪一方面具体的知识，亦不是要求城邦人们都必须是所谓的智慧之士。智慧是对于统治者而言的必要的能力，是在统治国家方面的比较宏观的能力。所谓智慧就是“考虑整个国家大事, 改进它的对内对外关系”只有统治者拥有了智慧才能顾及到广大人民的集体利益，才能从整体出发维护全城邦的利益。第二个美德是勇敢。勇敢并不是要求城邦中所有的人必须勇敢，而是针对第二阶层的护卫者而言的，是护卫者的一个必不可少的优良品格；勇敢也并不是只有大胆做事，而是要有正确的信仰，知道什么是对什么是错，并且可以抵制诱惑等负面的影响。“是这种精神上的能力, 这种关于可怕事物和不可怕事物的符合法律精神的正确观念的完全保持, 就是我主张称之为勇敢的, 如果你没有什么异议的话。”护卫者的勇敢能够保卫国家保护人民，使得城邦能够平稳发展。第三个美德是节制。每个人要做自己的主人，管好自己的所作所为，不受外界虚幻的享乐、欲望等诱惑的吸引，并且要在法典之内各司其职，履行好自己的职责。做好定位，增强自控力，服从命令，在个人的位置上做个人的事情。相对于智慧和勇敢，节制不属于其中某一个阶层，而是针对各个阶层之间的相互关系，尤其在城邦中统治者和被统治者之间的关系方面被统治者应该服从统治者的安排和命令。继智慧、勇敢和节制之后，柏拉图提出其核心问题——正义。正义是柏拉图希望建立的理想国中的最基本的原则，或可谓立国之本。“正义就是在国家中做正当的事，当每一个个人只作一种对国家有关的工作，而这个工作又是最适合他的天性时，这个国家就有了正义。”正义在城邦中涉及政治、军事和经济三个层次，相对应的便是三个阶层做好各个阶层的本性的工作，即统治者拥有“智慧”这个美德，护卫者拥有“勇敢”这一美德，而劳动者运用各自的技能且拥有“节制”美德。各阶层应该分别专司一职，分明权责，互相不干涉，相互不混同，否则将会破坏正义原则。“当生意人、辅助者和护国者这三种人在国家里各作各的事而不相互干扰时, 便有了正义, 从而也就使国家成为正义的国家了。”（三）个人正义与国家正义的统一柏拉图认为，虽然个人正义与国家正义互有不同，但是个人正义和国家正义是相互联系的。只有个人所在的国家（城邦）是正义的，才能给个人提供正义的环境，才有可能形成个人正义；同样，个人正义奠定了坚实的基础后，才能在国家（城邦）中促成良好的风气，才能给国家正义创造可能性，才有可能组成国家正义，否则国家正义不将存在。“个人灵魂达到正义，每个人就会以其个人的正义的行为参与适合自己本分的工作，参与实现国家的正义。”如此个人正义在二者关系中更显突出，起根本性作用。根据柏拉图阐述，不要求城邦中所有的人都要做到个人正义，也并非要求完全国家正义，而是认清现实，从现状出发，只需达到一定的基本正义。而统治者必须是已经很好地做到了个人正义的人，理性、激情、智慧、勇敢和节制等和谐统一于其一身。为了能够达到整个城邦的基本正义，柏拉图制订了一整套训练以及选拔正义的统治者的方案。柏拉图利用其擅长的唯心主义对学生进行教学，分为阶段进行教育“四科”，还继承了老师苏格拉底的问答学习法，并涉及理性训练和体育教育。柏拉图高度提倡“哲学王”，联系起哲学和政治，培育出能够领导、统治国家的“哲学王”。统治者利用其高度的理性和智慧去管理国家，便是对正义的推行；护卫者利用其高度的激情和勇敢去捍卫国家，便是对正义的维护；劳动者利用其高度的节制辛勤劳动，服务国家，便是对正义的遵守。统治者拥有正义后，便可带领辅助者成为正义之人，再通过更扩大的教化使得被统治者更加正义。虽然无法达到完全的正义，但是随着力度的加强，达到个人正义和国家正义的统一，从而使得整个城邦将会越来越正义。二、正义国家的实现 （一）正义国家实现的意义柏拉图认为“我们建立这个国家的目标并不是为了某一阶级的单独突出的幸福，而是为了全体公民的最大幸福；因为，我们认为在这样一个城邦里最有可能找到正义，而在一个糟糕的城邦里最有可能找到非正义。”一个正义的国家能够指引国家里的人们走上正义之路。柏拉图认为只有实现整个国家的正义，才能够得到他一直主张的理想国，才能够让国家中的每个人生活的正义、美好和幸福。

　（二）统治者的资质和角色从柏拉图提出的“哲学王统治”中可以看出哲学家在柏拉图所要建造的理想国里地位是非常重要的。具有“金”元素的人才称得上是哲学家，而且他们具有很强的天赋和拥有无比的智慧，有着好学的优良品质，真理是他们永远不变的追求。经过坚持不断的努力奋进，哲学家的知识面更加广泛，懂得如何治理国家和统领广大被统治者。所以想要实现正义的国家，必须让具有统治能力和智慧的哲学家作为国家的统治者，才能建立起一个正义的国家，将正义的国家的理想实现。柏拉图还认为，统治者无知无能和品质的残缺及败坏亦是导致国家混乱和分裂的原因，尤其强调品性的败坏，可谓破坏了政治，带来无数灾难。作为最无懈可击的哲学家，肩负着建立起充满正义的理想国的任务，应当懂得知识，掌握美好德行，才能使罪恶和混乱得以结束，将安宁带给国家和人民，将个人正义和国家正义贯穿于理想国，给人们带来美好、幸福和安康。三、对于柏拉图正义的思考（一）柏拉图正义的历史意义1、影响个人价值观的形成正义观的关注不再狭隘，不单单只是关注如何定义其概念，也不再只是注重某方面的解释。正义观的发现已然上升到一定的高度，是从社会机体秩序中，是从普遍的广义的统一的角度。正义观的提出是理想国建立的基础，从内向外的折射，不再局限于个人利益，是一种客观普遍的和谐井然的正义。柏拉图的正义让人们重视起个人的价值观，由狭隘变得眼界开阔，提升了人们的个人价值观。2、正义观的第一次系统阐述柏拉图是第一个系统阐述了正义的哲学家和思想家，不论是在西方思想史还是整个世界。柏拉图将其个人对正义的理解综合前人的正义观念记录在其著作《理想国》之中，包括个人正义和国家正义以及个人和国家正义的关系。首先指出什么是正义，解释出什么是国家正义和个人正义。在国家正义中，提出并强调了三个阶层，各阶层应该在自己的位置上做出相应的工作，相对应的便是三个美德——智慧、勇敢和节制。在个人正义中，人的灵魂状态是理性、激情和欲望。其次柏拉图建立了在个人正义和国家正义的关系。二者有所区别，又相互联系，相互影响。个人正义是基础，而国家利益是保障，二者不可能相互分离。国家正义中的智慧、勇敢和节制想对应于个人正义中的理性、激情和欲望，国家正义中的统治者和护卫者相对应于国家正义中的智慧和勇敢，亦相对应于个人正义中的理性和激情。而节制不同于智慧和勇敢，作用于所有阶层的人，各阶层相互制约，使秩序井然。最后柏拉图还阐释了正义国家是如何建立的，也阐述了其如何维护以及如何走向衰亡。柏拉图认为重中之重是哲学王统治。创建了教育体系用于对国家正义和个人正义的维持。同样指出正义国家也避免不了走向衰败的道路。3、要正确看待柏拉图理想国的正面影响许多学者认为柏拉图的理想国是一种纯粹乌托邦的空想主义，是一种极端的摆脱现实的幻想，是一种超越骨感又陷迷幻的未来，不可能有实现的可能。其实我们应该正确看待柏拉图的理想国的正面意义。首先，柏拉图在其国家正义中将人们分为三个阶层，并不是多数人认为的戴着有色眼镜看人，而是从其社会现状出发，认清现实，具有合理性，并体现出对人们的高度重视和负责，注重人性，尊重个人灵魂和个人价值。其次，柏拉图的正义原则和分工原则对我们现在提倡的和谐社会产生了不可或缺的影响。柏拉图站在国家的高度去思考问题，并运用了历史观去分析现状，是具有非凡价值的，是值得关注的。4、开创制度正义之研究柏拉图虽然出生于一个家庭条件不错的贵族家庭，但是其生存的环境却不容乐观。柏拉图的关注政治，以及经历其师苏格拉底的死亡，他看到了民主制度的极大弊端，提倡要建立一个充满正义的理想国，建立起一种全新制度。柏拉图所理想的正义国家是由哲学王统治的并实行柏拉图式的公有制度和公共教育制度的国家，只有在这种国家中才能形成个人正义。什么样的国家政体中会造成什么样的人们的性格。虽然柏拉图理想国的政治制度很粗糙简陋，但是却堪称开创了制度正义。首先柏拉图将国家中的人分为三个阶层，统治者、护卫者和劳动者。其次柏拉图明确了哲学王统治，即哲学家作为国家的统治者。最后柏拉图制定了公有制度和公共教育制度。这些都是柏拉图开创制度正义的体现。5、影响到后世的空想社会主义后世的空想社会主义受到了柏拉图的哲学王统治思想和公有制理论的深刻影响。首先，早期空想社会主义受到了柏拉图的哲学王统治理论的影响，如早期空想社会主义者摩尔等。其次，一部分人也受到了柏拉图的公有制的影响，如康帕内拉的 “太阳城”等。（二）柏拉图正义理论对当代中国的启示1、柏拉图正义理论和马克思正义观的异同（1）相同之处：两位思想家的社会正义都是一种相对于当时现实比较超越的设想，对于他们所在的时代都是不大容易实现的时代正义。柏拉图和马克思的正义观，是由于他们看到了自己所处时代的不公正，做出了相对应的反应，即构想出自己所认为的理想制度，并想实现社会正义和个人正义通过这种构想的理想制度。通过分析柏拉图的《理想国》，可以看出柏拉图内心里想要建立一个理想国。而建立一个城邦是由于人们的非自足性，个人需要整体，整体离不开个人。在这样一个城邦中可以建立起正义之路，使人人都过上美好、幸福的生活，生活在充满正义的城邦之中。柏拉图就是想要设计出一种理想的政治政体，即一种政体能够体现正义。与此类似的是，马克思面对资本主义的罪恶、压迫和剥削，也提出了一种美好的设想——共产主义制度。共产主义制度是一种高度发展社会生产力的正义社会，没有了私有制，出现了公有制，人与人之间都是平等的。（2）不同之处：第一，柏拉图与马克思研究的正义观出发点不同。人的自然本性的研究方向是柏拉图正义观念所涉及的。人的灵魂包括理性，激情和欲望三种品质。当欲望和激情都和理性达成一致时才是一个人成为有德有能的人的时刻，才能成为一个正义的人。马克思的研究方向是人的社会本质。人们的公平正义观念吸取于当时的社会关系。第二，柏拉图与马克思的正义观是代表不用的阶级利益的。等级制度下的正义是柏拉图所追求的，分为三个阶层，各阶层不能越级。而马克思主义正义观的价值目标是“为全人类谋福利”。第三，柏拉图与马克思的研究方式是不同的。形而上学的是柏拉图的研究方法。理性，激情和是人们灵魂的三个部分，其相互协调；共同作用智慧，勇气和节制三种美德便能实现正义。2、柏拉图正义理论对构建和谐社会的理论指导意义社会文明和进步的重要标志是社会公平和正义，保持社会稳定的深层次基础是社会公平和正义。“构建社会主义和谐社会”的目标是在党的十六届四中全会上提出的，开辟了可靠途径为了真正有效地实现社会公平正义。现阶段我国实现正义的一条有效途径就是构建和谐社会，于此，我国应在马克思主义科学理论的指引下去实现真正的社会正义，属于全人类的社会主义。为了早日实现共产主义，我们要进一步解放生产力和发展生产力，消灭私有制，消灭剥削。柏拉图的正义观对我国的指导意义：第一，借鉴“善”的理念。让人们自己学法知法懂法，努力宣传社会公正理论。第二，努力建立社会正义的制度。制定公正的监督制度、惩罚制度和评估制度。3、柏拉图正义理论对中国发展的启示第一，法治和德治相统一中国在改革开放后逐渐向法治社会迈进，要做到有法可依，也要做到依法行政和司法独立。法制建设进步的同时也应当重视德治的作用，现实需要德治，德治能够调整法律所涉及不到的领域。第二，发展社会中的政治稳定改革在当今中国已经成为一种固定的思维形势。在当代中国应该采取政治制度化和法制化这种最有效的措施。让公民参与到政治里面来，了解社会各阶层的利益需求，针对结果做出相应的政治决策。在了解与被了解、制定与实施之中，社会各阶层的利益都能够得到重视，各阶层都能够和谐共处，在动态中实现我国政治的稳定，稳定社会秩序，和谐共处。第三，效率和公平相统一利益社会是当今社会的体现，其导向和目的及动力皆为利益。首先，个人行为的基本出发点是追求个人利益。利益引导出个人各种的政治行为和经济行为。其次，主导国家政治行为和过程的是个人利益和国家利益交集最大化。将效率和公平的很好甚至更好地结合在一起，不能厚此薄彼，更不能只取其一。结果公平、起点公平和过程公平是公平内容的三个部分也是我国社会公平的重要要求。当今中国，贫富差距相当大，富得越富，而穷的没有什么太大的变化。中国应该在几个方面努力改善，缩小贫富差距：第一要完善社会主义市场经济体制。第二要完善社会保障制度。第三始终要坚持按劳分配，而多种分配方式并存。四、结语正义是人类社会永恒的话题。对人类的存世、发展和完善的探究得出的正义理论是一种对于人类的深度思考和表达。无数个个体生存在一起，利益的冲突实在是难以避免，但是如果人人支持正义的存在，并且能够努力地去寻求和谐相处的模式，处理好权利与义务的关系，则不管是在人类历史的发展中还是在未来的探寻中都是有着重大的意义的。我们应该始终坚持柏拉图理想国的设想中正面的作用，政府应该提升自己的能力，努力工作，给百姓创造一个和谐的社会，一个稳定的国家。to implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers' Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union of the company more than 1/3 staff or staff representatives proposal may convene the meeting. The workers' Congress elections held and resolutions must be approved by all workers represented by more than half.Twenty-fifth of the workers congress around increase and enhance the vitality of enterprises, promote the technology step by step, improve economic efficiency, for enterprise management, an important problem of distribution system and workers life and fix the issue. Staff and workers congress decided in its position within the scope of authority, without consent shall not be modified by the workers' Congress change.Table sixteenth employee representative congress is not in session, the need for temporary solutionAn important question by trade unions called post head meeting of representatives of the staff and workers, and consultation with the down of a workers' congress report confirmed. Head meeting may participate in according to the meeting invited the leadership of the company and other relevant personnel.The fifth chapter of the staff and workers' Congress and the trade unionSeventeenth work as a staff representative of the general assembly of the work of the organization, to undertake the following work:First, the organization of staff and workers elected representatives.Two, the collection of workers on behalf of the major issues of the proposal, presided over the work of representatives of the general assembly of the preparatory work and the organization of the meeting.Three, presided over the meeting of representatives of the staff and workers on behalf of the meeting.Four, the organization of specialized teams to investigate and research, to make recommendations to the workers' Congress, inspection and supervision and supervision of the implementation of the resolution of the general assembly, the implementation of the staff and workers to implement the resolution of the General Assembly on behalf of workers.Five, to the staff and workers into the democratic management of publicity and education, the organization of staff and workers on behalf of the learning policy, business and management knowledge, improve the quality of the staff representatives.Six, accept and deal with the complaints and suggestions of representatives of the staff and workers, maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Seven, the organization of democratic management of its other work.The sixth chapter of the Department of the room, the team's democratic managementAccording to the specific circumstances, the eighteenth department may take the form of the employees' Congress or the employee's representative office to exercise democratic management power in the affairs of the authority of the Department.Nineteenth teams and groups of democratic management, by the workers directly participate in the team's trade union leaders and workers under the auspices of the activities carried out under the auspices of the team building by the trade union leader to assist the squad leader.The seventh chapter supplementary provisionsArticle twentieth the company's trade unions shall be responsible for the interpretation of these regulations.Article twenty-first of the regulations issued from the date of promulgation.Trade union workOne, promote the party's road line, principles, policies, the implementation of the higher level of union spirit, under the leadership of the Party committee and the completion of the work of the task.Two, strengthen democratic management, do a good job of the staff and workers' Congress held preparatory, and closing work, do not hold regular workers delegation head of the meeting, to ensure the smooth flow of the main channel of democracy.Three, adhere to the "22" maintenance of unity, do a good job in the labor dispute mediation work, the protection of the specific interests of the masses of the protection of the masses of workers from invasion.Four, strengthen the source participation, actively participate in the company's various policy strategies, measures to develop, and supervise the implementation of the line, reflecting the wishes of the majority of workers and requirements.Five, the organization of workers to carry out labor competition, to make reasonable proposals, small leather, small inventions to create a living activity, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the production of workers.Six, to carry out the "warm and warm project" activities for the workers to run everything, practical things, to help solve the difficult life, do a good job of mutual assistance insurance and staff and workers to study and research work.Seven, establish and perfect the trade unions at all levels, achieve organization system network, fixed regularly held congress, a good new member of the development and transfer of work.Eight, establish and improve the levels of female workers organization, coordination of relevant departments to do a good job of female female workers "four period", play essential role of female workers into the sky, to promote the development of production, protect the legitimate rights and interests of women workers are not infringed.Nine, the group organized the staff to carry out health, education and teaching in music, small and diverse cultural and sports activities, active corporate cultural life, and strive to enhance the cohesion of the enterprise.Ten, to strengthen the financial management of the union, according to the trade union funds on time, to develop the use of the labor union funds budget, reasonable expenses, and do a good job in the collection and use of union dues.Union membership management systemArticle 1 this regulation is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the articles of association of China's trade union, and with the company's actual situation.Second who meet the conditions for membership in the Union constitution and the provisions of the China < >, has signed a labor contract with the company staff can apply to join into the union.Third apply for unionized workers, shall I put out the application, and the Chinese National Federation of trade unions shall fill in "application form" and "trade union membership registration form", by the union approval group and grass-roots trade union audit, is a member of the union. Its membership from the union committee approved the date since.Fourth trade union members should actively participate in the activities of the union, the right to exercise their rights and fulfill their obligations, and timely payment of contributions.Fifth members will be free to go back. Members of the withdrawal will be written application, through the trade union group, approved by the labor union committee, from the day of withdrawal will stop paying their dues.Sixth members do not have the proper reason to continue for 6 months without payment of membership dues, do not participate in the processing will organize life, education refused to correct, should be regarded as automatic withdrawal.Article 77 where serious crimes and criminal sanctions by members of trade unions, by the Committee for discussion and decision, dismissed its membership.The relationship between the eighth members of the organization changes with the change of labor relations, the labor relations of the members change, the relationship between the members of the human relations with me to transfer, with the membership card to transfer.Ninth to master company membership, every month 25 days before this grass-roots trade unions shall fill in "grass-roots union members report > union office reported to the company, requirements in a timely manner, digital true and reliable.Tenth such as the management of the members of the lost Dangdang, causing unnecessary labor disputes, etc., will be held responsible for the relevant personnel.Eleventh handle refund formalities will have workers, and apply for membership, allowing it to re apply for the admission procedures.Twelfth members retired, retired, laid-off, insurable retained membership. Membership retention period from dues. Members maintain membership, no longer have the right to vote and to be elected in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. In addition to enjoy the insurance benefits, the same treatment will no longer enjoy membership.Thirteenth the Ordinance shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the right to interpret it shall be in the company's trade union committee.Union chairman job dutiesOne, in the company Party branch and the superior trade union under the leadership of the trade union committee, presided over this unit is responsible for the daily work. The trade union work plan, regular arrangement, examination, summing up the work, and timely reporting to the Party branch and trade unions.Two, the implementation of the implementation of the party's line, principles, policies, adhere to the production and operation of enterprises as the center of the heart and to democratic management as the focus, play the essential role of working mechanism of the Congress, the comprehensive carry out the activities of trade unions.Three, the implementation of democratic centralism principle, chaired by members of the general assembly or a member of Congress, trade union committee, democracy, brainstorming, the trade unions do to promote the harmonious development of enterprises and employees, the stability and unity of the home of workers.Four, support the work of enterprise administration, to participate in the development of the enterprise planning, reform and innovation and life and other important work to discuss the work, and actively put forward reasonable proposals.Five, do the preparatory work of the Congress, to complete the work of the congress delegate support.Six, pay attention to listen to the opinions and requirements of the majority of members, in a timely manner to the Party branch and the administrative counter reflection, the maintenance of the rights and interests of workers and the vital interests of the enterprise administrative staff to help improve the welfare of workers.Seven, the organization to carry out health and physical and mental health of the culture and entertainment, sports activities.Eight, responsible for the scope of trade unions in the political learning, assessment, awarding work.Nine, to assist the female staff members will do a good job of female staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of female workers.Ten, assist enterprises in the relevant aspects of the association, do a good job in the work of retired workers and their families.Eleven, the examination and approval of trade union funds.Twelve, timely completion of the party organization and the work of the superior union arrangement.Detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations of the staff and workers' CongressChapter I General ProvisionsThe first one according to the People's Republic of China constitution in < > and < theconsolidation industrial workers congress during the People's Republic of China regulations cases of industrial enterprises owned by the "spirit, the regulations implementing rules are formulated.The second company employee representative congress is the basic form of democratic management of the enterprise, is the right agency workers to exercise their democratic management. The main work is the trade union committee organization of the staff and workers' Congress, responsible for the daily work of the workers' Congress.Third employees in the company under the leadership of Party branch, to implement the party's line, principles and policies of needles, and state laws and regulations, correctly handle the state, collective, individual interests of the three, in the law within the prescribed scope of authority.Article 44 the Congress shall actively support the general manager of the company to exercise the management decision and the unified command of production, scientific research activities authority.Fifth to establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the staff and workers to review the major decision of enterprises in the trial supervision, administrative leadership, role and rights to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests and so on.Article 66 The Congress implement democratic centralism in the system.Second chapter of authorityThe Seventh Congress exercised the following powersFirst, the right to consider proposalsListen to the general manager of the regular work report; review; business policy, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan; basic construction plan; major technical transformation scheme;; employee training plan; financial budget is put forward opinions and suggestions; gold funds allocation and use case.Two, the review of the consent or vetoThe salary adjustment scheme of the enterprise; the bonus scheme; the labor protection measures; the reward measures for the employees and the important rules and regulations of the enterprise are reviewed.Three, to consider the right to decide:For workers Fulili fund; workers housing allocation; other important matters relating to workers Living welfare review will be decided.Four, appraisal, supervision powerLeading cadres at all levels of supervision, regular review, general manager of the office should fulfill the duties and objectives of supervision, the layers of cadres to the general manager of science can be put forward to praise, reward, punishment, promotion or group of criticism, dismissed suggestions.Five, the right to democratic electionsAccording to the superior department in charge of the deployment of the competent authorities or the approval of the higher authorities, the staff representatives of the people's democratic recommendation or the election of enterprise administrative leadership, and the election results reported to the competent authorities for approval.The Eighth Congress will be the taskFirst, the party and government departments to do a good job of the "two" civilization, the workers of the ideological, discipline and professional ethics education.Two, Congress should support education workers of the company general manager for the mobilization of workers to carry out the exercise of the powers, the provisions, abide by discipline, efforts to complete the task.Three, close contact with the general staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the views and requirements of the workers.Staff representative of the third chapterThe ninth company employees entitled to political rights in accordance with the provisions of the law, can be elected as the representative of the staff.Tenth representatives of the staff and workers to produce, should take the Department, the workshop as a unit, by the workers directly elected, not appointed by the leadership of the leadership. The number of its representatives should be accounted for 10-20%. of the total number of workersEleventh a staff representative should be a worker, technical personnel, management personnel, workers and other leading cadres group consisting of young workers and female workers should be accounted for a proper proportion. A guest, attend on behalf of several seats.According to the needs of the work and the number of representatives of the composition of a number of representatives of the table group, elected leader, deputy leader.Twelfth representatives of the staff and workers of real implementation of the permanent system, every three to four years of election election once, may be re elected.Article thirteenth supplementary supplementary of the staff and workers' representativesThe representatives of the staff and workers from the unit or away from retirement, on behalf of automatically disqualified, on behalf of the delegation to the original vacancy shall be in accordance with the provisions of the election.Replace the fourteenth representatives of the staff and workersThere are the representatives of the employees, who have the right to change the unit:1, due to illegal law and discipline punishment;2, often without reason not to participate in the activities of the staff representatives of the staff and the organization of the work of the organization, a serious dereliction of duty;3, because of unpaid leave, sick leave and long-term, full-time study and so on, not to participate in the activities of the post of the staff and workers' congress;4, removed from the unit, from the original delegation.The rights of the representatives of the fifteenth employeesFirst, the incumbent will have the right to vote in the election, the right to vote and the right to vote.Two, have the right to participate in the Congress and its working mechanism in the company. Check all relevant departments to carry out the workers congress resolution and proposal to implement the situation, have the right to the right to participate in the personnel of the company leadership question.Three, to participate in the organization of the staff and workers' Congress of the activities of the organization and occupy production or work hours, according to the normal attendance to enjoy the treatment of the case.Four, the exercise of democratic rights of workers' representatives. Any organization or individual person shall stop, obstruct and take revenge complex.Five, during the term of office workers, in addition to personal serious negligence, enterprises may not perform their duties on behalf of the reasons for the lifting of the labor contract or employment changes.Obligations of the sixteenth employees' representativesOne, to study the principles, policies, laws and regulations of the party and the state, and constantly improve the political consciousness, technical and technical level and the ability to participate in the management.Two, in close contact with the masses, representing the legitimate rights and interests of workers, truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses, workers, seriously implement the Congress resolution. To do good work, Congress gave the patience to do ideological education of the masses education work.Three, adhere to the basic principles of the four basic principles, and abide by the national laws, regulations and rules and regulations, labor discipline, do their own work.Four, do a business owner, actively participate in the democratic management of enterprises, as well as to their own political obligations, really play the role of staff representatives.The fourth chapter organization systemThe twenty-seventh Congress Chairman presided over the meeting. All the members of the presidium shall have the workers, technical staff, management staff and leading cadres. The technical workers, technical personnel, management personnel should be more than Banbanshu.The eighteenth Congress will be held once a year. Each meeting will be there must be more than 2/3 of workers' representatives.In case of major events, the proposal by the general manager, a trade union or more than one of the staff representatives of three points, cocoa held a provisional meeting.Behalf of the general assembly of the representatives of the general assembly to elect and make a resolution, must be approved by the majority of all representatives of the staff and workers.The nineteenth Congress should focus on enhancing enterprise vitality, promote technological progress, improve the economic benefit for enterprise management, an important problem of the distribution system and other aspects of the life of workers to determine the issue.Twentieth items will function in its decision within the scope of its powers, not by the workers' Congress agrees not to repair.Twenty-first post Congress may according to the needs, set up a number of dry mattersquickly. (23) Gao Changhai night rescued compatriots in January 1943, the Japanese control after Su Jiahu along the highway, to intensify guerrilla "raids". One day, the Japanese army from Wuzhen area caught 53 "Shina" is held in spring qiaotu farmto implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers' Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union