两种形态政治监督比较及思考

　 两种形态政治监督的比较及思考 【内容提要】在人类社会的政治活动中存在着两种不同形态的政治监督。第一形态的政治监督是指政治权力的横向分权和制衡，第二形态的政治监督是指政治权力的纵向分权和制衡。形态虽然不同，但有相同的政治监督追求，又有各自不同的政治监督机制。各有优劣。

　【摘 要 题】权力制约

　【关 键 词】关键词：两种形态/政治监督/比较/思考

　【 正 文】

　　政治监督是政治主体之间监视、控制和制衡的一种权力关系，是实现政治分权和权力整合的协调机制。政治监督有两种基本形态，即第一形态政治监督和第二形态政治监督。这两种不同形态的政治监督反映了两种不同的权力关系。

　　政治学上所称的第一形态政治监督，是指政治权力的横向分权和制衡，这种政治监督把政治权力分解为几个部分，分别由不同的政治主体行使。这些不同的政治主体在地位上一般是相对独立、互为平等的。监督的方式主要是对权力的制约与制衡，即某一政治主体可以限制其他政治主体的权力行使。西方国家三权分立的政治体制就是这种政治监督形态的典型形式。三权分立的政治体制把国家权力划分为立法权、行政权、司法权三大部分，分别由立法机关、行政机关、司法机关行使不同的政治权力，彼此制衡、互相监督。此外，社会对国家的监督关系也属此类，还可细分为人民的民主监督、社团监督、新闻监督等等。第一形态政治监督的存在，反映了西方国家权力非专制倾向和资产阶级政治民主化的发展。

　　第二形态政治监督是政治权力的纵向分权和制衡，是政治主体在纵向授权后，对被授权者行使权力情况的监视、监督、督察，如政府内的行政监察、政务监督、党内的纪律检查都是出于政治领导核心为了统治或管理的需要，专门设置监督职能部门对被领导者进行政务行为监控的一种制度安排。在这种体制下，监督者与被监督者在地位上是不对等的。监督的方式往往表现为对被监督者违规行为的纠正与惩罚。这种形态的政治监督是体现权力集中的重要标志，只有上级权力主体具有实质性的权力，才可能对下授权。这种纵向分权仍然是集权下的分权，纵向分权后的权力监督是 hTTp://ａ.cOm } 集权能力的重要体现。

　　尽管第一形态和第二形态的政治监督都是政治权力的监视、控制和制衡现象，但不同形态的政治监督发生的缘由和发挥的功能却有所不同。第一政治形态的政治监督与民主政治有着密切的联系，这种形态的政治监督是民主政治的重要实现机制，而民主政治是这种形态政治监督的基本保证；第二形态的政治监督是政治统治和组织领导的重要手段，在历史上长期与专制政治联系在一起，是历史上专制统治的重要工具。在现代民主社会，第二形态的政治监督是政治管理科学化的基本组成部分，是实现政治高效廉洁的重要保障。

　　这两种政治监督的形态虽然不同，却有着相同的政治监督的追求。

　　对公共权力有序运行的追求。人类生活的社会性，是由人类的社会交往和劳动生产决定的。人类生产劳动的分工合作大大提高了人类的整体能力，没有人类的相互交往和分工合作，就不会有人类的文明，就不会有社会的进步。人类的交往和文明又把人们紧紧地结合在一起。“劳动的发展必然促使社会成员更紧密地互相结合起来，因为它使互相帮助和共同协作的场合增多了，并且使每个人都清楚地意识到这种共同协作的好处。”而人类的相互交往、共同劳动、公共生活必然需要公共权力进行组织和协调，合理配置社会资源，维护公共秩序。历史的前进，社会的发展，人与人的往来、生活、劳动越来越频繁，越来越密切，客观上要求强化公共管理，以使人类的交往、生活、劳动在更加有效、更加有序的状态下发展。这是人类全球化发展的必然，也是人类社会文明发展的大趋势。当然，如果公共权力的设置超越了人类社会的客观要求，可能需要加以一定的限制。但从目前人类社会发展的总趋势来看，公共领域在不断扩张，与此相伴随的是公共权力的干预也就越来越大。无论是第一形态政治监督，或是第二形态政治监督，保证公共权力的有序运行是它们共同的追求。

　　对公共权力监督制约的追求。人类社会的相互交往，劳动分工、活动协调都离不开公共权力的运作，公共权力的这种特定属性极易使政治权力产生内在的变异。政治权力的行使往往导致利益的分配，因此，在人类的社会生活或政治生活中，人们对利益的追逐常常演变为对政治权力的追逐，政治权力成为人们追逐社会利益、经济利益的重要手段。这种以各种利益为目的的权力追逐，就一定伴随着公共权力的非公共运用，就必然产生腐败。无论是西方或是东方的人类社会发展的历史都已证明，腐败作为一种社会现象，或是政治现象，奴隶社会有，封建社会有，资本主义社会有，社会主义社会也有。尽最大的努力遏制公共权力的非公共运作，遏制权力的滥用，积极开展反腐败斗争，是人类社会的共同追求。为此，无论是第一形态政治监督，或是第二形态政治监督都把对权力的监督制约作为不懈的追求。

　　对公平公正理念的追求。西方的资产阶级高举“自由、民主、平等、博爱”的大旗对封建主义展开了猛烈的进攻，赢得广大民众的拥护和支持。最终，先进的资本主义取代了封建主义。而社会主义战胜资本主义的斗争的重要目的之一，就是为了真正实现人类社会公平、公正的理念，建立人人平等、民主自由的社会。

　　对行政运作高效化的追求。公共权力运行的有效性、规范性的重要体现就在于行政运作的高效化，反过来讲，没有行政运作的高效化也就没有公共权力的有效性和规范性。效率低下的权力运行机制在突发事件的情况下，运作不灵，处事不力，甚至瘫痪而导致权力系统的全面崩溃。因此，不管是三权分立下的政治监督，或是高度集权下的政治监督，都力戒行政运作的惰性和低效，不断追 求行政运作的高效化。

　　对依法治国方略的追求。社会生活的运行，经济活动的运行，权力机制的运行都必须规范有序，在法定的游戏规则中运行。依法治国已成为现代文明社会的标志，市场经济实质上是法治经济，权力应受到法律的制约。“法治的核心问题是国家与社会的权力均衡和国家内部权力制约机制的设置。因此，法治与国家政治体制具有密切的关系。从法治的政治原理来看，法治国家的政治体制应该具备两个基本条件：第一，政治统治模式应该是民主政制。因为民主政制确立了社会和公民对国家进行政治监督的权力和机制。第二，国家权力机构应该具有分立和相互制约的关系。分权制衡与法治在一定程度是相互重叠，互为因果的。国家权力的分立和制衡是国家实现权力自我约束的有效制度安排。”从全球社会的发展趋势来看，建立民主政制，依法治国已成为东、西方社会的共识。

　　第一形态政治监督和第二形态政治监督的现象都古就有之。在古希腊的民主共和国——雅典，其国家政权就由贵族院、公民会议和执政官三个部分组成。政治监督为古希腊民主政治的建立发挥了重要作用，也是西方民主政治的先驱。在我国漫长的封建社会里，政治监督也受到高度的重视。早在秦朝以前，就设有监察职位，到秦朝以后都设立御史府或类似的机构，兼领典正法度，纠察百官、巡视各地。但我国古代的政治监督与古希腊有很大的不同，是自上而下，高度集权下的纵向监督，属于第二形态的政治监督。两种不同形态的政治监督存在着差异，主要表现如下：

　　权力构制形态的不同。如前所述，第一形态的权力构制是横向分权的松散结构，权力主体之间是相互独立，互为制约的；第二形态的权力构制是纵向集权的紧密结构，下与上之间存在隶属和领导与被领导的关系。

　　权力间的监督形式不同。第一形态的政治监督形式表现在权力主体的权力制衡上，当某一权力主体的权[1][2]下一页

　 力出现非公共运作时，其他权力主体则可以制约，予以阻止。第二形态的政治监督形式主要表现为上级对下级，下级对上级的监督上。实质上是上级对下级的监督更为有效，更有力度。因为权力的主体在上级，上级是领导层，有指挥权及处事的最后决定权，而下级对上级也有明确的服从的义务。

　　权力间的监督效果不同。第一形态的政治监督，由于采用权力制衡的原则，各权力主体间是相互独立，互为制约，其互相牵制的效果是明显的。西方三权分立的体制使得立法、行政、司法任一权力主体都难以独掌和主宰国家机器，从而达到防止出现独裁专制的目的。当然，这种制度的安排是资产阶级为维护自己的统治地位所作的努力，是资产阶级民主政治的重要组成部分。资产阶级政治本身的局限性也必然决定了三权分立体制的局限性。如上所言，由于第二形态的政治监督是纵向权力构制，上级作为领导层，大权在握，对下级的监督的有效性显而易见。而下级对上级的监督则由于他们的上下隶属关系、服从关系其实是很难的，所谓在同一权力主体领导下的同级监督其实也是一种较为虚置而不实的监督。

　　权力间的监督内涵不同。从人类社会的发展历史来看，第一形态政治监督的基础在于民主和法制。“民主”一词来源于古希腊，原意是“人民的权力”或“人民进行统治”。“古典民主理论”认为，民主是按照人民的意志进行的政治统治。马克思主义认为，在本质上民主就是“承认少数服从多数的国家”，“民主是国家的形式，是国家形态的一种”，“民主意味着形式上承认公民一律平等，承认大家都有决定国家制度和管理国家的平行权利”。为了保障人民的民主权利，必须实行法治。实行法治之下的国家是有限权力的国家。法治的主要功能在于防止、束缚专横的政治权力，确立和维持一个在权力、作用和规模上都严格受到法律限制的“有限的政府”。因此第一形态的政治监督无论是对政府或是对政府工作人员都是一种全方位的监督。而第二形态的政治监督建立于纵向垂直的权力机制上，统治者的高度集权意识和主观意志的色彩比较浓厚。这种形态下统治者的最高权力可以无限度膨胀，难以监督。我国数千年的封建主义政治监督机制就是这种政治形态监督的典型。随着历史的前进和社会的进步，第二形态的政治监督也出现了某些变化，开始注意民主性及法制建设。但是，第二形态政治监督的高度集权、内部封闭、某些监督的虚置等固有的色彩依然 [http:// 欢迎您访问两种形态政治监督的比较及思考范..文.家 ] 十分明显。

　　通过上述的比较，无论是第一形态的政治监督，或是第二形态的政治监督，它们的监督追求虽有相同之处，但它们的监督机制和监督内涵存在相当大的差异，各有长短。第一形态的政治监督，由于各权力主体间的相对独立性，其监督面较宽，权力的制衡、制约的成效较为明显。但是，这种形态的政治监督也有其固有的局限性。邓同志在1986年谈到政治体制改革问题时就说过，“在改革中，我们不能照搬西方的，如果搞三权分立，过分强调搞互相制约的体制，可能也会出现问题”。第二形态的政治监督由于其是纵向高度集权下的分权，对下的监督和制约比较有力，凝聚力较强，但是，民主性、公开性有较大的欠缺，尤其是对上层和统治者的监督制约显得较虚，较易产生专制和滥用权力的现象。

　　随着经济全球化的发展趋势，世界的政治形势和政治格局也在不断发生新的变化，两种形态的政治监督体制也在不断交融渗透。随着人类社会文明程度的不断提高，追求人的自由发展，充分显示自身的主体性，将成为人的价值、人格尊严的重要内容。自由的政治生活也将成为人类追求的重要目标，成为现代公民的基本政治要求。今后，人类的生活方式和劳动方式也将日益社会化，客观上需要公共管理部门对社会生活进行组织协调，为社会提供更多的公共物品。这样就会导致公共管理职能的扩大，管理机构及其权限的膨胀。

　　权力的扩大必将构成对政治自由的威胁。社会发展的实践已经表明，社会一旦赋于政府以公共管理权力，政府就有了依法对公民进行强制性管理的权力。即使是在民主法治社会，理论上讲政府的公共管理要基于公意，但具体的管理也并不以公民个人的同意为条件。在这种情况下，总会有一些执掌权力者将公共权力异化为个人谋取私利的手段，这是贪污腐败现象产生的重要思想根源。2001年在北京召开的世界反腐败理论研讨会上，70多国与会的官员和学者一致认为，解决公共权力的异化和腐败问题的基本方案就是建立权力监督和制衡机制，在赋于政府进行公共管理权力的同时，建立严格的监督机制，强化对政府及其官员处事权进行监督的权力。政府及其官员一旦违背了公民的意志和利益，公民要有权力，要有能力通过监督机制加以纠正和遏制政府及其官员的不当行为，阻止政府及其官员对公民权益的侵犯，保护公民的合法权益和政治自由。因此，政治监督是实现政治自由，遏止腐败现象的保障。

　　尉健行同志在全国九届人大五次会议分组讨论时说：“通过全党和全社会的共同努力，党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争始终保持了平稳健康、持续向纵深发展的良好态势，取得了显著的成绩，党政机关和干部队伍中的腐败现象蔓延的势头逐步得到遏制，一些诱发腐败的深层次的问题正在逐步解决。”“在充分肯定反腐败成绩的同时，也要看到滋生腐败的主、客观条件还存在，腐败与反腐败的斗争还会有起伏”。江同志也多次强调，在我们党内决不允许有腐败分子的藏身之地。因此，进入新世纪我们反腐败的斗争任重而道远。在反腐败斗争中，我们应当像江总书记倡导的那样要有创新思维，关键是理论上的创新和体制上的创新。在反腐败斗争的实践中兼收并蓄等一形态政治监督和第二形态政治监督的不同优势，结合我国的实际情况，在创建有中国特色社会主义政治监督的新 www.ｆｗ 】 理论新机制上下功夫。

　　建立有中国特色社会主义的政治监督机制，首先，要坚持党的领导，加强和改善党对政治监督的领导。历史选择了中国共产党，只有中国共产党才能凝聚民心，领导我国的四个现代化的建设。我们一方面要坚持党的领导，坚持一个中心和两个基本点不动摇，另一方面又必须加强和改善党的领导，党在发挥领导作用的同时，不能包办代替，主要应体现为方针政策的领导，发挥各方面在政治监督上的积极性。其次，党的各级代表大会应实行常任制，拓展党内民主，强化党内监督机制，党内的重要事项、重要干部的任免应在每年召开的相应的党员代表大会上广泛听取意见，实行无记名表决，在党员代表大会闭会期间则应由委员会全体委员无记名表决。第三，要积极稳妥地进行政治体制的改革，实行党政分开，在党的领导下，立法、行政、司法、监察、审计等部门应有相对的独立性，互相制衡、相互制约。第四，在依法治国的行程中加强法制建设，国家宪法应当细化，应尽快出台“国家监察法”及“国家反腐败法”等法律文件，使行政监察工作和反腐败斗争有国家法律依据。第五，实行党内纪检与行政监察的分工和剥离，建立各级行政监察委员会，行政监察工作应有相对的独立性，调整监察人员的队伍结构，增加党外人士及民主党派人员的比例，行政监察系统应实行垂直管理的体制或实行上级派驻制，行政、工资、福利等关系与原单位脱离。第六，进一步强化新闻舆论和社会舆论的监督，加强政府和公务员行为的公开性和透明度，加大对违规违纪人员惩罚的力度。

　【参考文献】

　陈国权.政治监督论[M].学林出版社，2000:15;5.

　马克思恩格斯全集：3卷[M].人民出版社，1992:510.

　the "research" make great efforts to provide more targeted for leadership, predictability and effectiveness of comments and suggestions.(three) adhere to the information planning as an important means of expanding. The sources of information, through the network, the media and other channels, increase integration efforts the work of the Communist Youth League and youth information dynamic information resources, increase the information planning efforts to refine the Communist Youth League, and give full play to the role of information reference, to improve the quality of information as a fundamental, outstanding information work sensitivity and timeliness, timely, accurately, comprehensively reflect the municipal Party committee, municipal government, the Central Committee of the implementation of a major deployment, leadership attention, hot and difficult issues of concern to the masses and some important emergencies, timely provide all kinds of deep and valuable component of the following information. Continue to deepen the information research and information feedback system, information report system, information reporting system, information delivery system and information notification system, and constantly improve the information work of the assessment, incentive mechanism, improve the long-term mechanism to improve the information work of sustainable development.Two, pay close attention to contact and communication, efforts to improve the ability of comprehensive coordinationGive full play to a contact, pivotal role, coordination of the parties in accordance with the standard, efficient, high quality principles, firmly establish the principle of service, and effectively improve the level of policy theory, grasp the method of coordinating work, conscientiously do service leadership, service and Service Corps cadres.(a) do to actively carry out coordination. Upstream municipal Party committee, municipal government work report, and the central mission to understand, grasp the key ideas and working organs, targeted focus on reporting the work of mission, to focus on the city's superior league, major activities, attention, support and help.(two) do parallel coordination. To strengthen the contact and communication with the municipal departments, actively seek for the work of care, support, optimize the external environment. To strengthen the group work of the Communist Youth League and other provinces and cities, to grasp the work around the dynamic, active learning around the work experience, the effective integration of resources within the group, and the Communist Youth League career development.(three) earnestly grassroots coordination. Further increase communication efforts, strengthen the organizations at various levels to guide the work of the office and communication, to ensure the situation, reported lower levels of strength, and strive to the grassroots, inspired by the basic spirit of innovation, the formation of good ability of the league office work.Three, pay close attention to the quality of official documents, efforts to improve the ability to deal with textAdhere to high standards, strict requirements, careful attention to the drafting of the draft work, strict document drafting, audit clearance, proof reading and quality control, and strive to improve the ability to deal with the text, and the overall work of the service center.(a) earnestly. To further establish the draft document presentation system research, adhere to the practice, especially the drafting of important days and months multiplying, concentrating on the presentation of the research, understand the situation the situation, fully understand the intention of the leadership, to ensure the output, quality, and constantly improve the quality of manuscript. A manuscript quality appraisal system, the implementation of quantitative assessment, each quarter the comparison of office draft manuscript quality. Establish a reward system to reward the outstanding manuscript selection out, the wrong investigated persons responsible for the major errors.(two) strict master document quality. Strengthening document quality awareness, efforts in the drafting of documents, audit checks, printed all aspects of efforts, strict policy documents audit, content, format and procedures, adhere to the upper and lower check, and check before and after the check, ensure the document style format in the understanding of leadership intentions in place, ideas in the language in place, and strive to improve the quality of various documents.(three) a comprehensive specification document operation. To further standardize the document transfer procedures, emphasizing the precision in document processing, in strict accordance with the operating procedures document sign, registration, approval, distribution, handling, repaying, filing, ensure the document processing standard, accurate, and efficient. Especially to strict dispatch, strict audit document content. Strictly implement the document procedures step by step Shenqian, strict and unified file format, to ensure the normative document. Further the implementation of electronic document processing mode, the full implementation of OA office system, efforts to improve the work efficiency.Four, pay close attention to the work of supervision, efforts to improve the executive abilityThe city's major issues and focus on the overall work of the Communist Youth League to carry out supervision and inspection, insist on the idea, the handling of the key, efforts to promote the implementation of decisions, to ensure that government decrees.(a) on the center of focus on supervision. In accordance with the "grasp the overall situation, focused, practical, quantitative refinement" principle, conscientiously fulfill the supervision function, focusing on the important deployment, major decisions of the party will, secretary's office, department heads meeting agreed matters assigned by the leadership group, the book down and do the important matters and the regiment the key work to focus on supervision, to ensure that the inspection item piece is an echo, everything in the bag, to promote the work carried out smoothly.(two) grasp the key special supervision. According to different periods of work needs, focus on leadership, social concern, hot and difficult problem of youth reflects the implementation of regular and dynamic supervision of special work assigned by the leadership of the special work of tracking supervision, regularly held the Department responsible for the regular inspection work carried out inspection stage. Check or the implementation of the work, to the work of the special supervision and implementation.(three) innovative ways to promote the supervision. To further improve the effectiveness of supervision and inspection work, really play a role in promoting the implementation work. To further improve and perfect the supervision report system, inspection notification system, regularly carry out random checks of the supervision matters, to highlight the effectiveness of the inspection work, to effectively promote the work carried out.Five, pay close attention to daily management, efforts to improve logistical support capacityAccording to "do great things, do small things, start from the details; General requirements from the overall situation", pay close attention to daily management, enhance the foresight and initiative work, do the work of early preparation, program cost fine plan, artful arrangement, high quality services.(a) further strengthen the authority of hardware construction. Combined with the "three hit" work, to further promote the party organ culture construction, and actively carry out party building advanced units, units of civilization, to create the homes of the workers, further standardize internal office conditions, perfect decoration authorities canteen, strengthening the Office building management, further improve the authority office environment.(two) to further strengthen the organization system construction. The implementation of the municipal Party committee of various rules and regulations, in accordance with the norms of management, efficient principle, perfect all kinds of meetings, document processing, logistics system, perfect a set of scientific and reasonable comprehensive coverage, the rules of the system. To strengthen the day-to-day management work, continuously enhance the rigor and the scientific management, according to the requirements of task decomposition, refinement of quantitative indicators, realize the work determination, work process standardization, work system, to promote the daily work efficient and orderly operation.(three) to further strengthen the fine financial management authority. Hold on to open source, to further increase funding for efforts, multi-channel for funding, strengthen the overall financial institutions. The authorities adhere to grasp the throttle, vehicle maintenance, major conference activities, network maintenance and other major expenditure to implement the budget control at the beginning of the year, authorities to strictly implement the financial management system, do a good job the pre final accounts, financial institutions, financial analysis and financial statements related. Adhere to the financial reporting system, improve the efficiency in the use of assets, and the Communist Youth League work continued to develop.(four) to further strengthen security work earnestly. Confidentiality of confidential confidential documents, strict implementation of the management system, security system, focus on the secret of the computer and network security management, strict management measures. Actively carry out regular security education, provided security awareness high cadres of workers, to prevent the loss occurred leak phenomenon. To strengthen the archives management work, conscientiously implement the archives, seal management system, actively carry out the relevant documents, materials, letters and pictures materials collection, registration and filing. The strict safety responsibility system, strictly holidays and night security duty system, strengthen the major work Moving safety work, to ensure safe and orderly.(five) to further strengthen the daily service work. To firmly establish the "rules as standard" point of view, whether do the text, do, act, or on duty, reception, security in strict accordance with the rules, according to the procedures, to ensure standardized operation. Take care of cadres of workers life, seriously deal with the party to do things for the project for the masses and actively improve the cadres of workers welfare. Strict management of vehicles, official vehicles. To ensure the implementation of office smile service system and first asked the first joint service system, the implementation of service complaints system, ensure the quality of service continues to increase.Six, pay close attention to team building, focus on improving the ability to open up innovationIn accordance with the "build a first-class team, with first-class team, a first-class performance, tree class image," the overall requirements, and vigorously strengthen the construction of cadres and workers, and promote the healthy growth of cadres and workers and all-round development.(a) establish the right work ethic. Firmly establish the concept of office work, have a brilliant future, strengthen the sense of innovation, enhance innovation and courage, to free from old ideas, actively respond to the development requirements of the new situation, actively adapt to the new leadership strictly from the high requirements, innovation and breakthrough, promote office work the steps in innovation.(two) to strengthen the ideological and political construction. Continue to consolidate communist education on Party members'advancement activities and enhance awareness of the Communist Youth League education achievements, serious ideological and political work of office staff, carry out the "dedication in the post work, first-class theme contest activities, and guide the cadres and workers to firmly establish a correct outlook on life. And values, the firm high political consciousness, firm political position, strict political discipline, strengthen the cadres and workers of political awareness, overall awareness, sense of service, efforts to form a diligent, efficient, innovative,Rigorous working atmosphere.(three) to carry out the policy theory of learning. To improve the office of cadres and workers pay close attention to the quality of training and learning, strengthen business knowledge and comprehensive knowledge, constantly optimize the knowledge structure, improve the overall quality of the level of proficiency and more than one post to the "Office of the cadres and workers to deal with specific issues. Adhere to the new period of the focus group the overall work, in-depth analysis and exploration of the functions of the office development and the direction of development, and strive to improve the overall awareness and service level of the office of cadres and workers. There are plans, steps to arrange the staff to participate in the exchange of learning and testing exercise, and strengthen the office of the Communist Youth League, and other provinces and cities Level office of the office of business exchanges, and strive to form a strong learning atmosphere.(four) to strengthen the team building. Stick with the system of management, strict implementation of the work system, strictly regulate the work procedures; adhere to the training of people with business, the cadres and workers more responsibility, more to provide the stage, to help with, strengthen staff training; adhere to unite people with feelings, really care about the work, learning and life style; adhere to infect people, guide the cadres and workers of self-discipline, dedication, unity, pragmatic, hard-working and carry forward the spirit of selfless dedication, a successful career in the extraordinary position; adhere to work drive, office team members adhere to lead, take the lead To be, learning, solidarity, pragmatic and incorruptible example.Attachment 2:XX municipal Party committee of the Communist Youth League work points,With Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance,

　the "research" make great efforts to provide more targeted for leadership, predictability and effectiveness of comments and suggestions.(three) adhere to the information planning as an important means of expanding. The sources of information, through the network, the media and other channels, increase integration efforts the work of the Communist Youth League and youth information dynamic information resources, increase the information planning efforts to refine the Communist Youth League, and give full play to the role of information reference, to improve the quality of information as a fundamental, outstanding information work sensitivity and timeliness, timely, accurately, comprehensively reflect the municipal Party committee, municipal government, the Central Committee of the implementation of a major deployment, leadership attention, hot and difficult issues of concern to the masses and some important emergencies, timely provide all kinds of deep and valuable component of the following information. Continue to deepen the information research and information feedback system, information report system, information reporting system, information delivery system and information notification system, and constantly improve the information work of the assessment, incentive mechanism, improve the long-term mechanism to improve the information work of sustainable development.Two, pay close attention to contact and communication, efforts to improve the ability of comprehensive coordinationGive full play to a contact, pivotal role, coordination of the parties in accordance with the standard, efficient, high quality principles, firmly establish the principle of service, and effectively improve the level of policy theory, grasp the method of coordinating work, conscientiously do service leadership, service and Service Corps cadres.(a) do to actively carry out coordination. Upstream municipal Party committee, municipal government work report, and the central mission to understand, grasp the key ideas and working organs, targeted focus on reporting the work of mission, to focus on the city's superior league, major activities, attention, support and help.(two) do parallel coordination. To strengthen the contact and communication with the municipal departments, actively seek for the work of care, support, optimize the external environment. To strengthen the group work of the Communist Youth League and other provinces and cities, to grasp the work around the dynamic, active learning around the work experience, the effective integration of resources within the group, and the Communist Youth League career development.(three) earnestly grassroots coordination. Further increase communication efforts, strengthen the organizations at various levels to guide the work of the office and communication, to ensure the situation, reported lower levels of strength, and strive to the grassroots, inspired by the basic spirit of innovation, the formation of good ability of the league office work.Three, pay close attention to the quality of official documents, efforts to improve the ability to deal with textAdhere to high standards, strict requirements, careful attention to the drafting of the draft work, strict document drafting, audit clearance, proof reading and quality control, and strive to improve the ability to deal with the text, and the overall work of the service center.(a) earnestly. To further establish the draft document presentation system research, adhere to the practice, especially the drafting of important days and months multiplying, concentrating on the presentation of the research, understand the situation the situation, fully understand the intention of the leadership, to ensure the output, quality, and constantly improve the quality of manuscript. A manuscript quality appraisal system, the implementation of quantitative assessment, each quarter the comparison of office draft manuscript quality. Establish a reward system to reward the outstanding manuscript selection out, the wrong investigated persons responsible for the major errors.(two) strict master document quality. Strengthening document quality awareness, efforts in the drafting of documents, audit checks, printed all aspects of efforts, strict policy documents audit, content, format and procedures, adhere to the upper and lower check, and check before and after the check, ensure the document style format in the understanding of leadership intentions in place, ideas in the language in place, and strive to improve the quality of various documents.(three) a comprehensive specification document operation. To further standardize the document transfer procedures, emphasizing the precision in document processing, in strict accordance with the operating procedures document sign, registration, approval, distribution, handling, repaying, filing, ensure the document processing standard, accurate, and efficient. Especially to strict dispatch, strict audit document content. Strictly implement the document procedures step by step Shenqian, strict and unified file format, to ensure the normative document. Further the implementation of electronic document processing mode, the full implementation of OA office system, efforts to improve the work efficiency.Four, pay close attention to the work of supervision, efforts to improve the executive abilityThe city's major issues and focus on the overall work of the Communist Youth League to carry out supervision and inspection, insist on the idea, the handling of the key, efforts to promote the implementation of decisions, to ensure that government decrees.(a) on the center of focus on supervision. In accordance with the "grasp the overall situation, focused, practical, quantitative refinement" principle, conscientiously fulfill the supervision function, focusing on the important deployment, major decisions of the party will, secretary's office, department heads meeting agreed matters assigned by the leadership group, the book down and do the important matters and the regiment the key work to focus on supervision, to ensure that the inspection item piece is an echo, everything in the bag, to promote the work carried out smoothly.(two) grasp the key special supervision. According to different periods of work needs, focus on leadership, social concern, hot and difficult problem of youth reflects the implementation of regular and dynamic supervision of special work assigned by the leadership of the special work of tracking supervision, regularly held the Department responsible for the regular inspection work carried out inspection stage. Check or the implementation of the work, to the work of the special supervision and implementation.(three) innovative ways to promote the supervision. To further improve the effectiveness of supervision and inspection work, really play a role in promoting the implementation work. To further improve and perfect the supervision report system, inspection notification system, regularly carry out random checks of the supervision matters, to highlight the effectiveness of the inspection work, to effectively promote the work carried out.Five, pay close attention to daily management, efforts to improve logistical support capacityAccording to "do great things, do small things, start from the details; General requirements from the overall situation", pay close attention to daily management, enhance the foresight and initiative work, do the work of early preparation, program cost fine plan, artful arrangement, high quality services.(a) further strengthen the authority of hardware construction. Combined with the "three hit" work, to further promote the party organ culture construction, and actively carry out party building advanced units, units of civilization, to create the homes of the workers, further standardize internal office conditions, perfect decoration authorities canteen, strengthening the Office building management, further improve the authority office environment.(two) to further strengthen the organization system construction. The implementation of the municipal Party committee of various rules and regulations, in accordance with the norms of management, efficient principle, perfect all kinds of meetings, document processing, logistics system, perfect a set of scientific and reasonable comprehensive coverage, the rules of the system. To strengthen the day-to-day management work, continuously enhance the rigor and the scientific management, according to the requirements of task decomposition, refinement of quantitative indicators, realize the work determination, work process standardization, work system, to promote the daily work efficient and orderly operation.(three) to further strengthen the fine financial management authority. Hold on to open source, to further increase funding for efforts, multi-channel for funding, strengthen the overall financial institutions. The authorities adhere to grasp the throttle, vehicle maintenance, major conference activities, network maintenance and other major expenditure to implement the budget control at the beginning of the year, authorities to strictly implement the financial management system, do a good job the pre fin