中小企业融资难现及对策分析

　天 津 大 学 网 络 教 育 学 院

　专科毕业论文

　题目：中小企业融资难的现状及对策分析

　完成期限：2012年 2月27 日 至 2012年 4月29日

　学 习 中 心 东 莞 年 级 2010级

　专 业 　会

　计

　　指 导 教 师

　姓 名 庄忠华 　学 号 101032333007

　摘 要

　　中小企业在加快经济发展 ,在提高经济增长效率、提高解决就业等方面 发挥 着重要的作用。但是 ,在中小企业发展的过程中却遭遇了几大难题:用地难、融资难----本文就中小企业在发展中融资难的原因,现状及解决的对策做一小探,试图提出中小企业融资难的对策分析。

　关键词：中小企业;融资难;对策分析

　　中小企业融资难，已是不争的事实。

　在世界经济的发展中 ,普遍存在着中小企业融资难等问题。世界各国对解决中小企业融资难采取了各种不同的对策。在解决中小企业融资难的过程中,各国政府都不遗余力的采取了财政政策与其他经济政策相结合的方法。造成中小企业融资难的原因是多方面的，在不同国家、地区有不同的表现形式及原因；即使是在同一个国家、地区，在不同的历史环境下表现都是不同的。由于中小企业在发展中面临融资难的问题具有普遍性，为了探讨化解我国中小企业融资难的对策，我们先对国际上中小企业在发展中遇到的融资难问题的原因，特点及各国政府为化解中小企业融资难而采取的政策措施作简单的回顾，从中得到启发，借鉴成功的经验。

　国外中小企业融资综述

　（一）、国外中小企业融资的基本特点和融资难的原因分析

　　西方国家在解决中小企业融资难问题上是各有侧重的：美国是一个具有创新传统的国家，因此比较重视高科技型中小企业的融资问题。意大利比较注重制造业型中小企业的发展和融资问题，这与其着力解决南部相对落后地区经济的发展，增加该地区经济活力和 “造血”功能有直接的关系。法国比较重视就业问题，因此政府扶持中小企业的重点主要放在了就业潜力比较大的服务业型中小企业上。瑞士和西班牙（包括法国）则在解决社区型中小企业（包括街道手工工业）上具有特色。

　　不同发展阶段的中小企业对融资有不同要求，从企业创办一直到企业因种种原因而退出，都有对融资的不同的要求。

　　从中小企业的特点来看，中小企业易受经营环境的影响，变数大、风险大，难以吸引投资者的注意。中小企业资产少，负债能力有限。

　　从金融业的特殊性来看，金融业实行的谨慎原则，不利于风险性较高的中小企业的融资。谨慎原则对国民经济的健康发展非常重要，但在客观上也给风险性较高的中小企业的融资带来极为不利的影响，往往会使一些中小企业丧失极好的发展机会。金融企业融资手续繁琐、耗时耗精力，影响了中小企业的融资积极性。金融部门为安全起见，在为中小企业提供金融服务时，必须有一套完整的融资手续，这就难以满足中小企业融资简单快捷的要求。

　（二）、国外中小企业融资的主要渠道和融资方式

　　中小企业的资金的来源主要有以下几种途径：一是自筹，二是直接融资，三是间接融资，四是政府扶持资金等。

　1、从自筹资金方面看，它包括的范围非常广泛，主要有业主（或合伙人、股东）自有资金；向亲戚朋友借用的资金；个人投资资金，即“安琪儿”资金；风险投资资金；中小企业间的互助机构的贷款等等。

　2、从直接融资方面看，指以债券和股票的形式公开向社会筹集资金的渠道。这种筹资方式只有公司制中小企业才有权使用，一般公司制中小企业的债券和股票只能以柜台交易方式发行，只有极少数符合严格条件的公司制中小企业才能获得公开上市的机会，或进入“第二板块市畅进行融资。

　3、从间接融资方面看，包括各种短期和中长期贷款。贷款方式（即金融产品）主要有抵押贷款、担保贷款和信用贷款等。

　4、政府的资金支持是中小企业资金来源的一个重要组成部分。综合各国的情况来看，政府的资金支持一般能占到中小企业外来资金10％左右，具体是多少则决定于各国对中小企业的相对重视程度以及各国企业文化的传统。各国对中小企业资金援助的方式主要包括：税收优惠、财政补贴、贷款援助、风险投资和开辟直接融资渠道等。

　　以上分析的是国际上中小企业融资难的特点、主要原因及融资的主要方式。由于我国把建立社会主义市场经济体系作为经济体制改革的目标，随着市场经济体制改革的推进，各种经济成分的不断出现，非公有经济的壮大，各类中小企业的出现和发展，中小企业在我国发展过程中也必会遭遇融资难这一国际性难题。结合中国的实际，具体分析我国中小企业融资难的原因特点，以期提出化解我国中小企业融资难的对策。

　二、我国中小企业融资现状

　　中小企业融资难的原因是多方面的 ,归纳起来,主要有如下观点：

　（一）、中小企业自身方面：

　1、中小企业的体制不健健全,各项管理制度不完善,造成银企关系中严重的信息不对称,给银行造成严重的损失风险，影响银行给中小企业发放贷款的积极性。很多中小企业，尤其是私营企业仍然沿用的是经验式和家庭式的管理方式，缺乏科学决策机制，且内部管理混乱，财务制度不健全，更无法为银行提供完整的财务表和信息资料。

　为避免信息不对称可能导致的逆向选择或道德风险，银行对中小企业的审查格外严格。

　在严重信息不对称的情况下 ,银行向中小企业发放贷款必然采取慎之又慎的态度,采取严格的审查标准。这样,很多中小企业不能获得银行提供的贷款和其他金融服务就在情理之中了。

　2、 企业信用观念淡薄，失去了银行支持的信心。企业法人个人信用程度低，造成企业信用行为扭曲，存在着逃债、赖债、甩债等观念；企业历史客观原因，表现为企业信用观念差，一些企业负债大，包袱重，还贷难度大，企业主观不存在逃债意识，企业法人一直对无力还贷深表对金融部门的歉意。这种情况在现代激烈的市场经济竞争中越来越成为一个影响银行在向中小企业发放贷款时考虑的因素。

　在信用环境比较好的地区，那些效益好的中小企业纷纷成为银行竞争的重点，中小企业融资并非难事，浙江省的情况就可以充分证明这一点。

　3、 抵押担保能力不足，不能为银行提供完整的信贷手续，影响中小企业向银行申请贷款融资的成功率。抵押担保难是制约中小企业取得贷款的主要问题，在私营中小企业中表现尤为突出。一些企业的发展现状和前景都是好的,于是向银行申请贷款。银行等金融机构向中小企业发放的贷款必然以抵押、担保贷款为主。但是银行在对其进行考察时, 企业缺乏必要的抵押品和没有担保，往往受制于中小企业无法提供正常的担保信贷手续而不能够对其进行融资，必然形成中小企业融资难的状况。

　（二）、从金融结构与金融体系方面看：

　1、中小企业融资难的根本原因是资金的供给和需求不平衡，没有建立完善的金融体系，中小企业融资渠道不畅通。现阶段中国金融市场还是以国有大型商业银行为主的间接融资比较发达的间接融资体系。企业经营发展过程中出现的资金余缺问题通过银行来调剂解决，银行在此过程中扮演着重要的角色。由于我国金融体系的建设刚起步不久，金融机构与金融体系的完善尚在过程中，以国有商业银行为主导的“大金融”很难满足“数量少，批次多”的中小企业的需求。

　2、随着国有独资商业银行商业化、股份化的改造和市场化的运作，银行开始回归企业的市场地位，把追求自身利益最大化作为经营目标，在企业服务的过程中越来越树立市场意识，逐渐摆脱在经营过程中的行政干预，经营决策越来越自主化。这就必然使银行在经营过程中越来越重视风险意识，在发放贷款等金融服务中产生了强烈的自主选择性，各家银行都把追求质优的、有发展潜力前景动力的大企业作为自己的服务对象，而忽视了大量中小企业的正常融资需求。同时，银行从成本、风险收益的角度考虑时，也往往把贷款成本高、风险大、收益具有较大不确定性的经营环境竞争激烈、发展前景不明、各项管理制度不健全的中小企业排斥在服务范围之外。

　3、金融改革的深化，商业银行信贷管理体制进一步完善。商业银行在信贷管理上推行了授信授权制度。风险管理强化，考核力度加大，银行贷款更加谨慎。目前，商业银行加大了对基层行的考核力度，对信贷人员实行以资产质量为主要指标的考核，实行贷款责任终身追究制度，这就形成了在贷款管理上只有责任而没有利益，从而使得银行信贷人员对中小企业的贷款产业“惧贷”心理。依法收贷环境差，削弱了银行放贷积极性。

　4、中小金融机构不够发达，没有形成面向中小企业的具有专业性质的中小金融机构体系，导致对中小企业提供的服务不全面，没有针对性。从而加大了银行发放贷款的风险，增加了中小企业融资的成本，打击了中小企业融资的积极性。

　三、中小企业融资现有模式对策分析

　　“融资难”长久以来一直是困扰中小企业发展的一个难题。这一难题并非我国独有，但在金融危机后，融资问题却逐渐凸现出来，为了进一步保证我国经济平稳增长、增加就业、扩大内需，以度过金融危机后全球经济的困难时期，融资问题成为目前中小企业方面亟待解决的首要问题之一。

　1、政府应该为企业建立良好的外部融资环境，主要应从以下几方面着手

　（1）完善我国政策性金融体系。

　针对中小企业资信水平较低的现状，政府可以针对中小企业融资建立相关贷款风险的补偿基金，允许贷款坏账的税收抵免，从根本上降低金融机构贷款成本和风险，增强金融机构对小企业贷款的积极性。同时，政府还可以建立支持中小企业融资的政策性融资机构，增加对中小企业融资的政策扶持。特别的，相关国家部门可以出台关于金融机构和中小企业之间的授信制度，逐渐提高中小企业融资规模和贷款期限。加大对银行中小企业融资的考核力度，实现中小企业授信额度与经济贡献相匹配、融资规模与融资需求相适应。

　（2）积极组建多层次贷款担保基金和担保机构，推进中小企业信用系统平台建立，完善多层次的信用担保体系。

　在目前已经成熟的担保机构基础上，增加担保机构的网点，在区县和乡镇增加担保机构网点，切实增加对中小企贷款的信用担保。此外，政府应对担保公司给予资金补偿，进一步增强担保机构的担保能力。其次，政府应承担起建立信用度良好的再担保机构，协调银行与担保机构之间的矛盾，从而能够扩大担保倍数，满足中小企业需求。另外，政府要组织建立中小企业资信信息平台，便于担保机构和贷款银行审查企业信用水平，为中小企业信用提供良好的证明。

　（3）加快发展多层次资本市场，逐步挖掘直接融资潜力，培育中小企业多元化的融资市场体系。

　尽管中小企业创业板已上市，但仍然面临“门槛太高”等上市难问题，因此，政府应该加大对中小企业上市的支持力度，提高中小板发行效率，扶植经营前景良好的中小企业快速成长，为其提供有效的融资通道，推动其快速发展，促进经济结构调整和产业升级。另一方面，政府要大力发展企业债券，适当放松债券市场，扩大中小企业集合债券和短期融资券的发行规模，大力发展风险投资和私募股权基金，扩大债券融资方式，积极探索多元化的债券融资方式。除此之外，还有发展区域小额资本市场等方式。

　2、?金融机构应该从机制和服务上大力支持中小企业融资，主要从以下几方面着手：

　（1）中小企业经营方式多元化，且融资具有“小、急、频”的特点，为解决中小企业融资问题，急需商业银行加快金融产品和服务的创新，为中小企业提供多元化信贷产品以及信贷、票据、结算、结售汇、信用证等综合性服务。与此同时，可以尽量简化贷款的审批程序，将与中小企业信贷关系的建立、评级、授信审批和抵押物作价审批流程四合一，在节约银行与中小企业双方的借贷成本，减小中小企业融资难度。

　?（2）银行贷款是中小企业融资的最主要方式，但担保和抵押物不足仍是企业向银行借款遇到的最大困难。目前，我国中小企业融资主要是用不动产来作担保，而中小企业大部分资产流动资产，不动产非常有限。这就客观的要求金融机构扩大财产担保的范围，可以尝试将无形资产、商誉、应收账款等动产、无形资产作为担保物，例如市场上已出现的产品抵押、合同抵押和自然人担保等一系列担保方式，从而提高中小企业融资能力、改善中小企业融资状况。

　3、企业应自力更生，努力增强自身竞争力，主要从以下几方面着手:

　（1）提高企业内部管理水平、健全财务制度，提高资信水平

　从财务管理角度分析，企业融资首先就来自于企业内部融资，提高企业管理水平，提高资金使用效率，有助于增加企业内部积累，获得更多的留存收益，从而使企业自身获得更多的投资建设资金。其次，企业应该规范会计信息，强化资信观念，为多元化融资打下良好的基础。

　（2）与优势企业联手建立中小企业信用互信平台。

　中小企业信用互助是指一些中小企业以自愿和互利为原则，组成信用互保小组，协会成员共同出资建立互助担保基金。在互助小组中，每个企业既享有担保权、被担保权，其他企业出现还款困难时，必须履行还款义务。以这种形式作为纽带将几个企业联系在一起，共担风险，挺高了企业资信水平，从而更容易获得融资机会。

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　Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand

　Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand

　manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is

　manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is

　Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator application began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of industrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like welding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand

　manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the substantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic instrument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is