句子成分讲解及练习

句子成分讲解及练习 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

(找出主语并说明是由什么词充当的) The sun rises in the east. （ ）
He likes dancing. （ ）
Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （ ）
To see is to believe. （ ）
What he needs is a book. （ ）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree .（ ）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （ ）
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （ ）
Five and five is ten. （ ）
He is asleep. （ ）
His father is in. （ ）
The picture is on the wall. ( ) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （ ）
The question is whether they will come. （ ）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）
... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （ ）
He hates you. （ ）
How many do you need? We need two. （ ）
We should help the old and the poor. （ ）
I enjoy working with you. （ ）
I hope to see you again. （ ）
Did you write down what he said? （ ）
2）
介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）
双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （ ）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （ ）
We will make them happy. （ ）
We found nobody in. ( ) Please make yourself at home. （ ）
Don’t let him do that. （ ）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ ）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （ ）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （ ）
主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（ ）
He is our friend. （ ）
We belong to the third world. （ ）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ ）
The man over there is my old friend.( ) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( ) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （ ）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （ ）
I have an idea to do it well. （ ）
You should do everything that I do. （ ）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv. 或 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 句子结构 简单句的五个基本句型 1. 主语 ＋ 谓语（不及物动词）
She came．/ My head aches. 2. 主语 ＋ 谓语（及物动词）
＋宾语 She likes English. 3. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋表语 She is happy． 4. 主语 ＋ 谓语（双宾动词）
＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 5. 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1. Students study. . 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 7. I have two elder sisters． 8. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Tigers are dangerous animals． 16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 18. I made Tom monitor. 19. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 20. She showed us her many of her pictures. 21. The old man lives a lonely life. 22. This term I have written three letters to my parents. 翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1你应当努力学习。

2她昨天晚上回家很晚。

3.五年前我住在北京。

4.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1.昨晚我写了一封信。

2.这本书他读过多次了。

3.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

4.他不知道说什麽好。

主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。

2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。

3.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

4.这个报告听起来很有意思。

双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。  2. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

  3. 他把车票给列车员看。    4. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。  复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）
1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

2.我要你把真相告诉我。

3.卫兵命令我们立即离开。

4.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。

16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 17她正在听人家讲故事。

18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。

19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。

20他感到很难跟你交谈。

21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。

22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。

24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

There be 句型 1今晚没有会。

2这个村子过去只有一口井。

3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。

5天气预报说下午有大风。

6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。

8恰好那时房里没人。

9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

10公共汽车来了。

11就只剩下二十八美元了。

12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

13铃响了。

14二月份有二十八天。

KEYS 分析下列句子成分 1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语 7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1You should study hard. 2 She went home very late yesterday evening. 3That morning we talked a great deal. 4The meeting will last two hours. 5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8Classes begin at eight every day. 9This box weighs five kilos. 10 I lived in Beijing five years ago. 主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
 1.I wrote a letter last night.   2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.  3.He has read this book many times.  4.They have carried out the plan successfully.  5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.  6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.  7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.  8.Jim cannot dress himself.  9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 10.He did not know what to say. 主系表结构 （主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ）
1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States. 7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work. 9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting. 双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）
1Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6This term I have written three letters to my parents. 7My father has bought me a new bike. 8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. 9Will you please get me a new copy? 10 Shall I call you a taxi? 复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ）
1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John. 3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open. 5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful. 7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth. 9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine. 11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out. 13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month. 15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling. 19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. 22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 24I thought it no use talking with that man There be 句型 1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight. 2There was only a well in the village. 3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6 6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 7There used to be a cinema here before the war. 8There happened to be nobody in the room. 9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 10There comes the bus. 11There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree. 13There goes the bell. 14There are twenty-eight days in February 分析下列句子成分 1. Students study. 2. We are friends. 3. They are teachers. 4.I play with him. 5. This is a red sun. 6. He is a tall boy. 7. The students study hard. 8. I often write to him. 9. The bag is too heavy. 10. The tall boy often go to the big zoo. 11. The happy child went to his home. 12.I have two elder sisters. 13. They don＇t swim very well. 14. Do you go to school every day? 15. I have a dream. 16. You don’t find opportunities. 17. You make them. 18.You won’t hear the knock . 19. Your television is always on. 20.Time is money. 21. Three o’clock is always too late. 22.Tom was made monitor. 23. I made Tom monitor. 24. I am sure to succeed. 25. This is beautiful music. 26There are only two kinds of music. 27. Puff lived by the sea. 28. Can you feel the love tonight? 29. Home never looks so good. 30. You come back 31.First comes spring. 32. I’ve never been to America 33. I don’t know much about it. 34. Frankly speaking, the food is not very good. 35. To love others makes us happy.36.To love ourselves makes us lonely. 37. We are made to love others.38.Experience is the best teacher. 39. They are going to Melbourne. 40. When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either. 41. The painter painted a very nice picture. 42. They fought against SARS bravely. 43. To see is to believe. 44. Helping animals is to help people. 45. It is very comfortable to have a Class A. 46. Eating too much is bad for your health. 47. The man looks worried.48. Tigers are dangerous animals. 49. Keep the keyboards clean, children. 50. You go there and fetch me a glass of water. 51. Computers are made in this factory. 52. Where are they? 53. Does the boy like staying home? 55. Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. 56. The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. 57. He travelled in space. 58. Who teaches you English this year? 59. The pizza has gone bad. 60. I am making so much noise 61. He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. 62. Something must be done t 63. You’d better go over the lesson. 64. They should have been there once.65. What are you doing this evening? 66. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s. 67. He made up his mind to be a vet. 68. He does not enjoy himself very much. 69. Did any of you see dinosaur eggs? 70. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s. 71 Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life. 72. They wake up the other family members. 73. The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves. 74. Air and water is necessary to us all. 75. The Olympic Games is held every other year. 76. The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing. 77. He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money. 78. They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. 79. I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding 80. Listen to the radio.81. Can you hear anything exciting? 82. What did he see? 83. What does he write a letter with? 84. With what does he write a letter? 85. Please put the shoes away. 86. Please put away the shoes. 87. Please put them away. 88. He often gives me some help. 89. Please make me a kite. 90. Please make a kite for me. 91. I found the job rather difficult. 92. I found it rather difficult to do the job. 93. He became a doctor after he left high school. 94. The rubber wheels are over there 95. He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold. 96. Who is it? 97. It’s I. (It’s me.) 98. He was terribly sorry for his carelessness. (他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) 99. Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep. (请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) 100. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! (我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) 101. I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。) 102. France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) 103. His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) 104. This is the day that I can never forget in my life. (这是我一辈子难忘的日子。) 105. You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 106. I really want a cup of tea.16. Miss Smith teaches English very well. 107 If you want the rainbow, you have to put up with the rain. 108 The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.